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The Meals of Shabbat: Difference between revisions
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Related pages include [[Kiddush]] and [[Seudat Shelishit]]. | Related pages include [[Kiddush]] and [[Seudat Shelishit]]. | ||
==Covering the Challah== | ==Covering the Challah== | ||
# There are multiple reasons for covering the challah. <ref> Tosafot in Pesachim 100b says that because the manna fell between layers of dew that preserved it we cover the challah above and below. Tur 271 | # There are multiple reasons for covering the challah. <ref> Tosafot in Pesachim 100b says that because the manna fell between layers of dew that preserved it we cover the challah above and below. Rosh Pesachim 10:3 as well as the Tur 271 quote the Yerushalmi saying that since wheat is written first in the pasuk with the seven species and the beracha on it should be recited first, we don't want to embarrass the challah by saying the beracha on the wine first, so therefore we cover it. </ref> | ||
# Even if one is not going to make Kiddish oneself but rather hear it from someone else one should still cover the challahs. <ref> Rav Moshe Feinstein (quoted in back of Radiance of Shabbos, Siman 1) </ref> | # Even if one is not going to make Kiddish oneself but rather hear it from someone else one should still cover the challahs. <ref> Rav Moshe Feinstein (quoted in back of Radiance of Shabbos, Siman 1) </ref> | ||
==Having two loaves of Challah== | ==Having two loaves of Challah== | ||
# For the Shabbat meals one should have Lechem Mishna meaning that one needs to make Hamotzei over two loaves of bread on Shabbat and [[Yom Tov]] in commemoration of the double portion of | # For the Shabbat meals one should have Lechem Mishna meaning that one needs to make Hamotzei over two loaves of bread on Shabbat and [[Yom Tov]] in commemoration of the double portion of Man that fell before Shabbat and [[Yom Tov]]. <ref>S”A 274:1, Mishna Brurah 274:1. The poskim have a debate of whether this obligation is from the torah or the rabbis. The Taz OC 678:2, Chatam Sofer OC no. 46, and Aruch Hashulchan 274:1 all say it is from the torah while the Magen Avraham 254:23 says that it is only rabbinic. </ref> | ||
# Women are also obligated in Lechem Mishneh. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 274:1 using the reasoning that they too enjoyed from the miracle of the manna, and Biur Halacha 291 "nashim", Chazon Ovadyah (Shabbat vol 2, pg 172). Aruch Hashulchan 274:4. Shemirat Shabbat kihilchita 55:3 says that although this is the accepted opinion, Rav Shlomo Kluger in Haelef licha shlomo 114 writes that women don't have the custom to eat lechem mishne because it is a mitzva on the sanctity of shabbat which is a mitzvat aseh shehazman grama, and is not included in the source for their obligation in kiddush. </ref>Some say that the women should hear the Bracha from the one making HaMotzei on the two loaves, while others defend the minhag of those who don’t hear the HaMotzei and make HaMotzei on the piece given to them. <Ref>Sh”t Kinyan Torah 1:88 and Eshel Avraham (siman 274) defend the minhag, while Sh”t Bear Moshe quotes the חתם סופר who was insistent on having the women hear the Bracha of HaMotzei from the one making it over two loaves. Chazon Ovadyah (Shabbat vol 2, pg 172) writes that the one making Hamotzei should wait for everyone to sit in order to fulfill Lechem Mishna.</ref> | # Women are also obligated in Lechem Mishneh. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 274:1 using the reasoning that they too enjoyed from the miracle of the manna, and Biur Halacha 291 "nashim", Chazon Ovadyah (Shabbat vol 2, pg 172). Aruch Hashulchan 274:4. Shemirat Shabbat kihilchita 55:3 says that although this is the accepted opinion, Rav Shlomo Kluger in Haelef licha shlomo 114 writes that women don't have the custom to eat lechem mishne because it is a mitzva on the sanctity of shabbat which is a mitzvat aseh shehazman grama, and is not included in the source for their obligation in kiddush. </ref>Some say that the women should hear the Bracha from the one making HaMotzei on the two loaves, while others defend the minhag of those who don’t hear the HaMotzei and make HaMotzei on the piece given to them. <Ref>Sh”t Kinyan Torah 1:88 and Eshel Avraham (siman 274) defend the minhag, while Sh”t Bear Moshe quotes the חתם סופר who was insistent on having the women hear the Bracha of HaMotzei from the one making it over two loaves. Chazon Ovadyah (Shabbat vol 2, pg 172) writes that the one making Hamotzei should wait for everyone to sit in order to fulfill Lechem Mishna.</ref> | ||
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==What kind of challah should be used== | ==What kind of challah should be used== | ||
#Both challahs should be complete. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 274:1. Arukh Ha-shulchan 274:5 says that if a whole one is not available then the mitzva can nevertheless be fulfilled with two broken ones.</ref> Even if part of the challah is burnt it is still considered whole. <ref> Mishna Berura 274:2. </ref> | #Both challahs should be complete. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 274:1. Arukh Ha-shulchan 274:5 says that if a whole one is not available then the mitzva can nevertheless be fulfilled with two broken ones.</ref> Even if part of the challah is burnt it is still considered whole. <ref> Mishna Berura 274:2. </ref> | ||
# Preferably both loaves should be fresh but if one is frozen after the fact they may be used for making the Bracha of HaMotzei. <Ref>Sh”t Yabea Omer 7:32, Or Letzion (vol 2, chapter 21:2) </ref> | # Preferably both loaves should be fresh but if one is frozen after the fact they may be used for making the Bracha of HaMotzei. <Ref>Sh”t Yabea Omer 7:32, Or Letzion (vol 2, chapter 21:2). Tshuvot V’hanhagot 2:170 and Shmirat Shabbat K'hilchata 55:12 say that since the bread will soon become edible it is still evident that you have two loaves. Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach quoted in note 39 in SSK chapter 55 says that it might only be permissible if the bread will defrost by the end of the meal.</ref> | ||
#The challahs should not be in a bag or wrapped up during the beracha. <ref> MB 167:23, Shemirat Shabbat Kihilchita volume 2,55:11:38, and Rav Scheinberg quoted in The Radiance of Shabbos page 79 footnote 18. </ref> | #The challahs should not be in a bag or wrapped up during the beracha. <ref> MB 167:23, Shemirat Shabbat Kihilchita volume 2,55:11:38, and Rav Scheinberg quoted in The Radiance of Shabbos page 79 footnote 18. </ref> | ||
# If two pieces of bread stuck together in the oven and then were separated gently each one is considered whole for the mitzvah of Lechem Mishna. <ref>Chazon Ovadyah (Shabbat, vol 2, pg 176). </ref> | # If two pieces of bread stuck together in the oven and then were separated gently each one is considered whole for the mitzvah of Lechem Mishna. <ref>Chazon Ovadyah (Shabbat, vol 2, pg 176). </ref> | ||
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# If one only has one loaf of bread one may use [[Pas habah BeKisnin]] for the second loaf to fulfill Lechem Mishna. <ref>Chazon Ovadyah (Shabbat, vol 2, pg 185), Shemirat Shabbat Kihilchita volume 2, 55:16 and Rav Moshe Feinstein quoted in The Radiance of Shabbos page 78 footnote 13. </ref> | # If one only has one loaf of bread one may use [[Pas habah BeKisnin]] for the second loaf to fulfill Lechem Mishna. <ref>Chazon Ovadyah (Shabbat, vol 2, pg 185), Shemirat Shabbat Kihilchita volume 2, 55:16 and Rav Moshe Feinstein quoted in The Radiance of Shabbos page 78 footnote 13. </ref> | ||
#Preferably pas yisrael should be used, meaning bread that was baked by a Jew, but if this isn't possible then any kosher bread can be used. <ref> Mishna Berura 242:6. </ref> | #Preferably pas yisrael should be used, meaning bread that was baked by a Jew, but if this isn't possible then any kosher bread can be used. <ref> Mishna Berura 242:6. </ref> | ||
#If one doesn't have even one whole loaf, it is still preferable to use two slices than just one. <ref> Aruch Hashulchan 274:5 and the Netziv in Meishiv Davar 1:21 and the reasoning being that the obligation for lechem mishne and whole bread are two separate ones. </ref> | |||
==Passing the Challah== | ==Passing the Challah== | ||
