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The Meals of Shabbat: Difference between revisions
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# Even if one is not going to make Kiddish oneself but rather hear it from someone else one should still cover the challahs. <ref> Rav Moshe Feinstein (quoted in back of Radiance of Shabbos, Siman 1) </ref> | # Even if one is not going to make Kiddish oneself but rather hear it from someone else one should still cover the challahs. <ref> Rav Moshe Feinstein (quoted in back of Radiance of Shabbos, Siman 1) </ref> | ||
==Having two loaves of Challah== | ==Having two loaves of Challah== | ||
# For the Shabbat meals one should have Lechem Mishna meaning that one needs to make Hamotzei over two loaves of bread on Shabbat and Yom Tov in commemoration of the double portion of Maan that fell before Shabbat and Yom Tov. <ref>S”A 274:1, Mishna Brurah 274:1. The poskim have a debate of whether this obligation is from the torah or the rabbis. The Taz OC 678:2, Chatam Sofer OC no. 46, and Aruch Hashulchan 274:1 all say it is from the torah while the Magen Avraham 254:23 says that it is only rabbinic. </ref> | # For the Shabbat meals one should have Lechem Mishna meaning that one needs to make Hamotzei over two loaves of bread on Shabbat and [[Yom Tov]] in commemoration of the double portion of Maan that fell before Shabbat and [[Yom Tov]]. <ref>S”A 274:1, Mishna Brurah 274:1. The poskim have a debate of whether this obligation is from the torah or the rabbis. The Taz OC 678:2, Chatam Sofer OC no. 46, and Aruch Hashulchan 274:1 all say it is from the torah while the Magen Avraham 254:23 says that it is only rabbinic. </ref> | ||
# Women are also obligated in Lechem Mishneh. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 274:1 and Biur Halacha 291 "nashim", Chazon Ovadyah (Shabbat vol 2, pg 172). Aruch Hashulchan 274:4. </ref>Some say that the women should hear the Bracha from the one making HaMotzei on the two loaves, while others defend the minhag of those who don’t hear the HaMotzei and make HaMotzei on the piece given to them. <Ref>Sh”t Kinyan Torah 1:88 and Eshel Avraham (siman 274) defend the minhag, while Sh”t Bear Moshe quotes the חתם סופר who was insistent on having the women hear the Bracha of HaMotzei from the one making it over two loaves. Chazon Ovadyah (Shabbat vol 2, pg 172) writes that the one making Hamotzei should wait for everyone to sit in order to fulfill Lechem Mishna.</ref> | # Women are also obligated in Lechem Mishneh. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 274:1 and Biur Halacha 291 "nashim", Chazon Ovadyah (Shabbat vol 2, pg 172). Aruch Hashulchan 274:4. </ref>Some say that the women should hear the Bracha from the one making HaMotzei on the two loaves, while others defend the minhag of those who don’t hear the HaMotzei and make HaMotzei on the piece given to them. <Ref>Sh”t Kinyan Torah 1:88 and Eshel Avraham (siman 274) defend the minhag, while Sh”t Bear Moshe quotes the חתם סופר who was insistent on having the women hear the Bracha of HaMotzei from the one making it over two loaves. Chazon Ovadyah (Shabbat vol 2, pg 172) writes that the one making Hamotzei should wait for everyone to sit in order to fulfill Lechem Mishna.</ref> | ||
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# For the Bracha on honey challah, see [[Pas_Haba_Bikisnin#Honey_Challah]] | # For the Bracha on honey challah, see [[Pas_Haba_Bikisnin#Honey_Challah]] | ||
==Which Challah to break== | ==Which Challah to break== | ||
# On Friday night, one should cut the lower of the two loaves. On Shabbat morning and Yom Tov night and morning one should cut the upper of the two loaves. <Ref>S”A and Rama 274:1 </ref> | # On Friday night, one should cut the lower of the two loaves. On Shabbat morning and [[Yom Tov]] night and morning one should cut the upper of the two loaves. <Ref>S”A and Rama 274:1 </ref> | ||
==If started a meal Friday afternoon== | ==If started a meal Friday afternoon== | ||
# If one started a meal during Friday afternoon (before 9 hours) and now Shekiah comes, one should cover the bread, make Kiddish, and then finish the meal. <ref> S”A 271:4 based on Shmuel’s opinion on Pesachim 100a </ref> | # If one started a meal during Friday afternoon (before 9 hours) and now Shekiah comes, one should cover the bread, make Kiddish, and then finish the meal. <ref> S”A 271:4 based on Shmuel’s opinion on Pesachim 100a </ref> | ||
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## within the first six words of the fourth Bracha (ברוך אתה ה' אלקינו מלך העולם) one should continue with the special Bracha (שנתן...) mentioned in the last option. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 188:23 quotes the Chaye Adam 47:18 who says that if one is still within the first six words of the fourth Bracha one may continue with the special Bracha insertion and then start the fourth Bracha again. Even though the Biur Halacha D”H Ad says a doubt about this Chaye Adam the Halachos of Brachos (pg 515-6) rules like the Chaye Adam.</ref> | ## within the first six words of the fourth Bracha (ברוך אתה ה' אלקינו מלך העולם) one should continue with the special Bracha (שנתן...) mentioned in the last option. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 188:23 quotes the Chaye Adam 47:18 who says that if one is still within the first six words of the fourth Bracha one may continue with the special Bracha insertion and then start the fourth Bracha again. Even though the Biur Halacha D”H Ad says a doubt about this Chaye Adam the Halachos of Brachos (pg 515-6) rules like the Chaye Adam.</ref> | ||
## after one said the seventh word in the fourth Bracha one should continue and not repeat Birkat Hamazon. <Ref>S”A 188:6 </ref> | ## after one said the seventh word in the fourth Bracha one should continue and not repeat Birkat Hamazon. <Ref>S”A 188:6 </ref> | ||
# If the meal extended until after sunset on Shabbat, Yom Tov, etc. and one has to insert the special Bracha between the third and fourth Bracha this special Bracha should be said without Shem UMalchut meaning one should just say ברוך שנתן…<ref>Halachos of Brachos (pg 511) based on Biur Halacha 188:10 D”H mazkir, Kesot HaShulchan 47:3 </ref> | # If the meal extended until after sunset on Shabbat, [[Yom Tov]], etc. and one has to insert the special Bracha between the third and fourth Bracha this special Bracha should be said without Shem UMalchut meaning one should just say ברוך שנתן…<ref>Halachos of Brachos (pg 511) based on Biur Halacha 188:10 D”H mazkir, Kesot HaShulchan 47:3 </ref> | ||
==Setting the table== | ==Setting the table== | ||
# One should set one's table nicely, make Kiddish, wash, make HaMotzei, and have a nice meal for Shabbat day. <Ref>S"A 289:1 </ref> | # One should set one's table nicely, make Kiddish, wash, make HaMotzei, and have a nice meal for Shabbat day. <Ref>S"A 289:1 </ref> | ||
