The Meals of Shabbat: Difference between revisions
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→Covering the Challah
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# It isn't obligatory to cover the challah during Seudat Shelishit, however, some have the practice to do so.<ref>Dirshu 271:48 cites Aruch Hashulchan 291:10 and CHazon Ish (Dinim Vhanahagot 10:11) as holding that the challah doesn't have to be covered at Seudat Shlishit since there is no kiddush. Nonetheless, the Eshel Avraham Mbutchach 271 holds that it is proper to cover them. Tiferet 271:63 cites Yalkut Yosef 291 p. 662 as lenient, and the Ben Ish Chai Chaye Sarah n. 12 as strict.</ref> | # It isn't obligatory to cover the challah during Seudat Shelishit, however, some have the practice to do so.<ref>Dirshu 271:48 cites Aruch Hashulchan 291:10 and CHazon Ish (Dinim Vhanahagot 10:11) as holding that the challah doesn't have to be covered at Seudat Shlishit since there is no kiddush. Nonetheless, the Eshel Avraham Mbutchach 271 holds that it is proper to cover them. Tiferet 271:63 cites Yalkut Yosef 291 p. 662 as lenient, and the Ben Ish Chai Chaye Sarah n. 12 as strict.</ref> | ||
# There is a dispute if a clear covering of the challah is sufficient according to the reason that the challah's are covered so as not to be embarrassed by the wine that takes precedence over it.<Ref>Dirshu 271:47 cites Rav Nissim Karelitz (Chut Shani 4:85:18) as holding that it is ineffective and on the other hand, Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach (Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata ch. 47 fnt. 116) as holding that it is sufficient. Tiferet 271:60 cites Yalkut Yosef p. 351 as lenient.</ref> | # There is a dispute if a clear covering of the challah is sufficient according to the reason that the challah's are covered so as not to be embarrassed by the wine that takes precedence over it.<Ref>Dirshu 271:47 cites Rav Nissim Karelitz (Chut Shani 4:85:18) as holding that it is ineffective and on the other hand, Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach (Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata ch. 47 fnt. 116) as holding that it is sufficient. Tiferet 271:60 cites Yalkut Yosef p. 351 as lenient.</ref> | ||
# The challah's should be on the table before Kiddush and covered. They shouldn't be brought to the table after Kiddush.<Ref>Aruch Hashulchan 271:22 explains that if the challah's are brought are the kiddush then it satisfies the reason of the Yerushalmi since the bread didn't see its embarrassment by reciting kiddush on wine before the bread. However, in terms of the Bavli's reason the bread has to be set up before the kiddush in order that it be ready for kavod Shabbat and not brought afterwards. Avnei Darech 13:53 citing Sefer Mitzvot Zmaniyot (Student of the Rosh), Chatom Sofer on SA OC 262, Minchat Yitzchak 3:13:10-11, The Radiance of Shabbos p. 40, and Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata 47:24 agree.</reF> Others, however, hold that it isn't necessary to bring the challah to the table before Kiddush and indeed it is preferable to bring it afterwards.<ref>Gra in Maaseh Rav 118, Ach Tov Vchesed 1:10, Avnei Derech 13:53 citing Rav Nevinsal (Yerushalayim Bmoadeha Shabbat v. 2 p. 104), Halichot Shabbat v. 1 p. 45, and Divrei Shalom 4:101:4. See Mpeninei Harav p. 84. | # The challah's should be on the table before Kiddush and covered. They shouldn't be brought to the table after Kiddush.<Ref>Aruch Hashulchan 271:22 explains that if the challah's are brought are the kiddush then it satisfies the reason of the Yerushalmi since the bread didn't see its embarrassment by reciting kiddush on wine before the bread. However, in terms of the Bavli's reason the bread has to be set up before the kiddush in order that it be ready for kavod Shabbat and not brought afterwards. Avnei Darech 13:53 citing Sefer Mitzvot Zmaniyot (Student of the Rosh), Chatom Sofer on SA OC 262, Minchat Yitzchak 3:13:10-11, The Radiance of Shabbos p. 40, and Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata 47:24 agree.</reF> Others, however, hold that it isn't necessary to bring the challah to the table before Kiddush and indeed it is preferable to bring it afterwards.<ref>Gra in Maaseh Rav 118, Ach Tov Vchesed 1:10, Avnei Derech 13:53 citing Rav Nevinsal (Yerushalayim Bmoadeha Shabbat v. 2 p. 104), Halichot Shabbat v. 1 p. 45, and Divrei Shalom 4:101:4. See Mpeninei Harav p. 84. Mitzvat Lechem Mishna 10:4 organizes the entire dispute and summarizes that the majority opinion is to bring the challah to the table before kiddush and have them covered, while the Gra holds that it should be brought after kiddush and instead they should be covered somewhere else. Chashukei Chemed Pesachim 100b also quotes this dispute and doesn't resolve it. | ||
* Can one leave the challah's on a warming tray until after kiddush? 1) According to the Yerushalmi's reason to cover the challah's, namely, so as not to embarrass the bread, it is better for the challah to be off the table than on the table covered. 2) In terms of the reason that the challah's are like the maan and should be covered, it is sufficient to cover them for Hamotzei alone, see Mishna Brurah 271:41. 3) For the reason of the Rashbam and Tosfot Pesachim 100b that the bread should be covered so that it appears to be brought out for kavod Shabbat and not sitting on the table beforehand, it seems that it would be better not to be on the table at all until after kidush. Tosfot justified the practice to bring the challah to the table and covering them since we have big tables that aren't possible to set in another room and bring after kiddush, however, still it is best not to bring it to the table at all. This is the approach of the Gra and others cited above.</ref> The minhag follows the first opinion.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata 47:22, Avnei Darech 13:53</ref> Nonetheless, all agree that it is permitted to switch the challah's after kiddush before hamotzei with another challah that wasn't on the table at the time of kiddush, such as with a challah that was heating up.<ref>Rivevot Efraim 2:115:79 cited by Avnei Darech 13:53</ref> | * Can one leave the challah's on a warming tray until after kiddush? 1) According to the Yerushalmi's reason to cover the challah's, namely, so as not to embarrass the bread, it is better for the challah to be off the table than on the table covered. 2) In terms of the reason that the challah's are like the maan and should be covered, it is sufficient to cover them for Hamotzei alone, see Mishna Brurah 271:41. 3) For the reason of the Rashbam and Tosfot Pesachim 100b that the bread should be covered so that it appears to be brought out for kavod Shabbat and not sitting on the table beforehand, it seems that it would be better not to be on the table at all until after kidush. Tosfot justified the practice to bring the challah to the table and covering them since we have big tables that aren't possible to set in another room and bring after kiddush, however, still it is best not to bring it to the table at all. This is the approach of the Gra and others cited above.</ref> The minhag follows the first opinion.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata 47:22, Avnei Darech 13:53</ref> Nonetheless, all agree that it is permitted to switch the challah's after kiddush before hamotzei with another challah that wasn't on the table at the time of kiddush, such as with a challah that was heating up.<ref>Rivevot Efraim 2:115:79 cited by Avnei Darech 13:53. . Avnei Darech agreed. Dor Hamelaktim Shabbat v. 1 p. 625 cites Rav Elyashiv (Ashrei Haish 2:1:14) who holds that the challahs should be on the table from before Shabbat, however, if you want to heat them up, ideally you should put other lechem mishna on the table for kiddush and then switch them when you get to hamotzei. If you don't have then it is fine to heat the challahs during kiddush. Rav Chaim (Aliba Dhilchata 49 p. 37c) writes that the minhag is to bring the challah to the table and have them covered and not left in another room prepared.</ref> | ||
# During the daytime meal everyone agrees that one could have the challah on the table covered before kiddush.<ref>See Mpeninei Harav p. 84 who has a unresolved question as to whether the halacha that the food shouldn't be brought to the table until after kiddush applies to the daytime kiddush as well or only the nighttime one. Ach Tov Vchesed 1:10:6 holds that it doesn't apply to the morning and cites the Mordechai Pesachim 100b who says so explicitly. Avnei Darech 13:53 cites this as well from Rav Nevinsal (Yerushalayim Bmoadim Shabbat 2:104). Mitzvat Lechem Mishnah 10:4 agrees. He cites Rav Debilitsky who says this as well and even the Gra would agree to bring the challah to the table before kiddush by day. Though he also cites Rav Zilerbstein as holding that the Gra's minhag applies during the day as well that they shouldn't bring the challah to the table until after kiddush.</ref> | |||
==Having two loaves of Challah== | ==Having two loaves of Challah== | ||
[[Image:Challah.jpeg|200px|right]] | [[Image:Challah.jpeg|200px|right]] | ||
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# If a person wasn't sure if he said retzeh, according to Ashkenazim, he should go back and repeat birkat hamazon.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata 57:7, Mishna Brurah 188:16</ref> According to Sephardim one doesn't have to repeat birkat hamazon.<ref>Yabia Omer OC 7:28</ref> | # If a person wasn't sure if he said retzeh, according to Ashkenazim, he should go back and repeat birkat hamazon.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata 57:7, Mishna Brurah 188:16</ref> According to Sephardim one doesn't have to repeat birkat hamazon.<ref>Yabia Omer OC 7:28</ref> | ||
## If a person knew that he was planning on say retzeh while he was in middle of birkat hamazon but doesn't know if he actually said it one can assume that one did actually say it.<ref>Rav Nevinsal on Mishna Brurah 188:16, See Yabia Omer 7:28 who discuss the idea of the Taz and those who disagree.</ref> | ## If a person knew that he was planning on say retzeh while he was in middle of birkat hamazon but doesn't know if he actually said it one can assume that one did actually say it.<ref>Rav Nevinsal on Mishna Brurah 188:16, See Yabia Omer 7:28 who discuss the idea of the Taz and those who disagree.</ref> | ||
# If a person had kezayit of mezonot at kiddush before birkat hamazon then if one forgot retzeh in birkat hamazon at lunch one doesn't have to repeat birkat hamazon.<ref>[http://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=10215&st=&pgnum=497 Divrei Dovid (responsa 86)] holds that since the kiddush counts as a meal in some sense then the lunch afterwards counts as seudat shelishit in which case if one didn't mention retzeh at lunch one doesn't have to repeat it. Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata 57:9 and Kaf Hachaim 188:40 concur with the Divrei Dovid.</ref> | # If a person had [[kezayit]] of [[mezonot]] at [[kiddush]] before birkat hamazon then if one forgot [[retzeh]] in [[birkat hamazon]] at lunch one doesn't have to repeat birkat hamazon.<ref>[http://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=10215&st=&pgnum=497 Divrei Dovid (responsa 86)] holds that since the kiddush counts as a meal in some sense then the lunch afterwards counts as seudat shelishit in which case if one didn't mention retzeh at lunch one doesn't have to repeat it. Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata 57:9 and Kaf Hachaim 188:40 concur with the Divrei Dovid.</ref> | ||
# If someone forgot to mention Shabbat in al hamichya one doesn't have to repeat it.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata 57:11, Mishna Brurah 208:58</ref> | # If someone forgot to mention Shabbat in [[al hamichya]] one doesn't have to repeat it.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata 57:11, Mishna Brurah 208:58</ref> | ||
==Setting the table== | ==Setting the table== | ||
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==Eating before Kiddish== | ==Eating before Kiddish== | ||
# It's forbidden to taste anything before [[Kiddish]]. <ref> Rambam (Hilchot [[Shabbat]] 29:10) and Shulchan Aruch 289:1 rule that since there's an obligation to make [[Kiddish]] it's forbidden to eat anything before [[Kiddish]] just like the [[Kiddish]] of Friday night. </ref> This law also applies to women. <ref>Mishna Brurah 289:6 </ref> | # It's forbidden to taste anything before [[Kiddish]]. <ref> Rambam (Hilchot [[Shabbat]] 29:10) and Shulchan Aruch 289:1 rule that since there's an obligation to make [[Kiddish]] it's forbidden to eat anything before [[Kiddish]] just like the [[Kiddish]] of Friday night. </ref> This law also applies to women. <ref>Mishna Brurah 289:6 </ref> | ||
# It's permissible to drink water before [[Shacharit]] on [[Shabbat]] day since the obligation of [[Kiddish]] doesn't apply until one prayed. <ref> Tur writes in the name of his father, the Rosh, and Shulchan Aruch 289:1 </ref> | # It's permissible to drink water before [[Shacharit]] on [[Shabbat]] day since the obligation of [[Kiddish]] doesn't apply until one prayed. <ref> Tur writes in the name of his father, the Rosh, and Shulchan Aruch O.C. 289:1 </ref> | ||
==Kiddish in the place of a meal== | ==Kiddish in the place of a meal== | ||
# [[Kiddush]] of the day must also be made in the place of a meal. <Ref>Shulchan Aruch 289:1 </ref> | # [[Kiddush]] of the day must also be made in the place of a meal.<Ref>Shulchan Aruch O.C. 289:1 </ref> | ||
==Wine for Kiddish== | ==Wine for Kiddish== | ||
# If there's no wine available one may use Chamar Medina which is beer or another drink which is common in that place but not water. If one doesn't even have Chamar Medina, one should say | # If there's no wine available one may use [[Chamar Medina]] which is beer or another drink which is common in that place but not water. If one doesn't even have Chamar Medina, one should say [[Hamotzi]] and eat the bread and if one doesn't even have bread, one may eat without [[Kiddish]].<ref>Shulchan Aruch 289:2, Mishna Brurah 289:10 </ref> | ||
==[[Shabbat]] Zemirot== | ==[[Shabbat]] Zemirot== | ||
# After having eaten one's fill it's proper to sing Zemirot (songs) of praise to Hashem. <ref>Mishna Brurah 289:5 </ref> | # After having eaten one's fill it's proper to sing Zemirot (songs) of praise to Hashem.<ref>Mishna Brurah 289:5 </ref> | ||
# It is permitted to say Hashem's name when singing Zemirot.<ref>Rav Moshe Feinstein (quoted by Rabbi Tendler in Moreshet Moshe v. 2 p. 53) held that it is permitted to say Hashem’s name in Shabbos zemirot but if Hashem’s name is repeated the real name should only be said the first time.</ref> Some have the practice not to say Hashem's real name when singing zemiros and simply say Hashem. <ref>Rav Moshe Soloveitchik (cited in Nefesh Harav pg. 160) </ref> See [[Not_Saying_Hashem%27s_Name_in_Vain#Using_Hashem.27s_Name_for_Zemirot]] | # It is permitted to say Hashem's name when singing Zemirot.<ref>Rav Moshe Feinstein (quoted by Rabbi Tendler in Moreshet Moshe v. 2 p. 53) held that it is permitted to say Hashem’s name in Shabbos zemirot but if Hashem’s name is repeated the real name should only be said the first time.</ref> Some have the practice not to say Hashem's real name when singing zemiros and simply say Hashem. <ref>Rav Moshe Soloveitchik (cited in Nefesh Harav pg. 160) </ref> See [[Not_Saying_Hashem%27s_Name_in_Vain#Using_Hashem.27s_Name_for_Zemirot]] | ||
