Tevilat Keilim: Difference between revisions
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==Which vessels require Tevilah?== | ==Which vessels require Tevilah?== | ||
# While the immersion of metal utensils is required by Torah law, glass utensils must be immersed only by rabbinic enactment. Glass was incorporated into the mitzva of tevilat keilim because glass and metal share a common characteristic - they are both materials which can be melted and reconstructed when needed. <ref> Aruch Hashulchan Y.D. 120:25 </ref> | # While the immersion of metal utensils is required by Torah law, glass utensils must be immersed only by rabbinic enactment. Glass was incorporated into the mitzva of tevilat keilim because glass and metal share a common characteristic - they are both materials which can be melted and reconstructed when needed. <ref> Aruch Hashulchan Y.D. 120:25 </ref> | ||
# Metal, glass, crystal, pyrex, and duralux require Tevilah. However, plastic, nylon, earthenware, and vessels covered in earthenware do not require Tevilah. <Ref>Sh”t Yabia Omer 4:8, Hilchot Tevilat Kelim (Rabbi Moshe Fariz, 2:2-3) </ref> | # Metal, glass, crystal, pyrex, and duralux require Tevilah. However, plastic, nylon, earthenware, and vessels covered in earthenware do not require Tevilah. <Ref>Sh”t Yabia Omer 4:8, Hilchot [[Tevilat Kelim]] (Rabbi Moshe Fariz, 2:2-3) </ref> | ||
# Some say that porcelain requires Tevilah, <ref> Hilchot Tevilat Kelim (Rabbi Moshe Fariz, 2:6) explains that even though some poskim held that it wasn’t obligated that was only because they were discussing porcelain which was ceramic not covered with glass, however, nowadays the common porcelain is covered with glass and must require Tevilah. Sh”t Yabia Omer 4:8 writes that porcelain doesn’t require tevilah. </ref> | # Some say that porcelain requires Tevilah, <ref> Hilchot [[Tevilat Kelim]] (Rabbi Moshe Fariz, 2:6) explains that even though some poskim held that it wasn’t obligated that was only because they were discussing porcelain which was ceramic not covered with glass, however, nowadays the common porcelain is covered with glass and must require Tevilah. Sh”t Yabia Omer 4:8 writes that porcelain doesn’t require tevilah. </ref> | ||
# Plastic or wood cutting boards do not need Tevilah, but those who are strict and do Tevilah for it will be blessed. <Ref> Hilchot Tevilat Kelim (Rabbi Moshe Fariz, 2:2-4) </ref> | # Plastic or wood cutting boards do not need Tevilah, but those who are strict and do Tevilah for it will be blessed. <Ref> Hilchot [[Tevilat Kelim]] (Rabbi Moshe Fariz, 2:2-4) </ref> | ||
# One need not immerse earthenware dishes, even if they contain some sort of glass coating or finish. <Ref> Igrot Moshe Y.D. 2:46 </ref>Those who nevertheless choose to immerse glazed earthenware dishes or fine china must do so without reciting the blessing, as the immersion is not truly required. | # One need not immerse earthenware dishes, even if they contain some sort of glass coating or finish. <Ref> Igrot Moshe Y.D. 2:46 </ref>Those who nevertheless choose to immerse glazed earthenware dishes or fine china must do so without reciting the blessing, as the immersion is not truly required. | ||
# Similarly, jars, bottles, or metal containers which are used only to store food and not used for food preparation or consumption should be immersed without a blessing. Utensils which are only used indirectly with food, such as bottle openers, and the like, do not require immersion. <Ref> Shach Y.D. 120:11, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 37:8-9, Shevet Halevi 6:245:4 </ref> | # Similarly, jars, bottles, or metal containers which are used only to store food and not used for food preparation or consumption should be immersed without a blessing. Utensils which are only used indirectly with food, such as bottle openers, and the like, do not require immersion. <Ref> Shach Y.D. 120:11, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 37:8-9, [[Shevet Halevi]] 6:245:4 </ref> | ||
# Common custom is not to require the immersion of plastic utensils <ref> Melamed Lehoil 2:48 </ref>even though some authorities argue that the similarities between glass and plastic would require it. <ref> Tzitz Eliezer 7:37, 8:26, Chelkat Yaakov 2:163, Yabia Omer Y.D. 4:8 </ref> | # Common custom is not to require the immersion of plastic utensils <ref> Melamed Lehoil 2:48 </ref>even though some authorities argue that the similarities between glass and plastic would require it. <ref> Tzitz Eliezer 7:37, 8:26, Chelkat Yaakov 2:163, Yabia Omer Y.D. 4:8 </ref> | ||
# Utensils which one is certain that they contain no glass or metal components need not be immersed. <Ref> Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 37:3 </ref> | # Utensils which one is certain that they contain no glass or metal components need not be immersed. <Ref> Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 37:3 </ref> | ||
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# Modern-day electrical appliances present the mitzva of tevilat keilim with its biggest challenge. This is, of course, because water can damage electrical appliances or even cause harm to those who use the item following the immersion. There are differing approaches among the halachic authorities as to how one should to proceed with such items. Some authorities are of the opinion that anything which must be plugged into the wall in order to be used is halachically considered as if it were attached to the ground and anything which is attached to the ground is exempt from tevilat keilim. <Ref> Chelkat Yaakov 1:126 </ref> Most authorities, however, reject this comparison and require even electrical items to be immersed just like all others. While some of these authorities require the entire item to be immersed along with all its electrical components, others say that only the actual components which come in direct contact with food need be immersed. <Ref> Igrot Moshe Y.D. 1:57-58, Chelkat Yaakov 3:43 </ref> | # Modern-day electrical appliances present the mitzva of tevilat keilim with its biggest challenge. This is, of course, because water can damage electrical appliances or even cause harm to those who use the item following the immersion. There are differing approaches among the halachic authorities as to how one should to proceed with such items. Some authorities are of the opinion that anything which must be plugged into the wall in order to be used is halachically considered as if it were attached to the ground and anything which is attached to the ground is exempt from tevilat keilim. <Ref> Chelkat Yaakov 1:126 </ref> Most authorities, however, reject this comparison and require even electrical items to be immersed just like all others. While some of these authorities require the entire item to be immersed along with all its electrical components, others say that only the actual components which come in direct contact with food need be immersed. <Ref> Igrot Moshe Y.D. 1:57-58, Chelkat Yaakov 3:43 </ref> | ||
===Hot Water Urn=== | ===Hot Water Urn=== | ||
# A metal hot water urn does require tevilah with a Bracha. <ref>[http://www.star-k.org/cons-appr-tvilaskelim.htm Star-K Tevilas Kelim Guidelines], [http://www.kof-k.org/articles/040108090413W-3%20Tevilas%20Keilim.pdf Kof-K article], [http://www.yeshiva.org.il/midrash/shiur.asp?id=5354 Rabbi Mordechai Eliyahu]</ref>If its impossible to tovel it, one may give it to a non-Jew as a present on condition that he lend it back to you and it will not be obligated in Tevilat Kelim.<ref>[http://www.yeshiva.org.il/midrash/shiur.asp?id=5354 Rabbi Mordechai Eliyahu] explains that if its impossible to do tevilat kelim on a hot water urn or the like one may give it to a non-Jew on condition that they lend it back to you and then it will not require Tevilat Kelim.</ref> | # A metal hot water urn does require tevilah with a Bracha. <ref>[http://www.star-k.org/cons-appr-tvilaskelim.htm Star-K Tevilas Kelim Guidelines], [http://www.kof-k.org/articles/040108090413W-3%20Tevilas%20Keilim.pdf Kof-K article], [http://www.yeshiva.org.il/midrash/shiur.asp?id=5354 Rabbi Mordechai Eliyahu]</ref>If its impossible to tovel it, one may give it to a non-Jew as a present on condition that he lend it back to you and it will not be obligated in [[Tevilat Kelim]].<ref>[http://www.yeshiva.org.il/midrash/shiur.asp?id=5354 Rabbi Mordechai Eliyahu] explains that if its impossible to do tevilat kelim on a hot water urn or the like one may give it to a non-Jew on condition that they lend it back to you and then it will not require [[Tevilat Kelim]].</ref> | ||
===Toaster=== | ===Toaster=== | ||
# According to many authorities a toaster requires Tevilah with a bracha. <ref>Mishneh Halachot 9:162, Bear Moshe 4:100, Teshuvot VeHanhagot 1:450, Sefer Tevilat Kelim 11:52 quoting Rav Shlomo Zalman and Rav Wosner, Bayit HaYehudi 39:6, [https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kof-k.org%2Farticles%2F040108090413W-3%2520Tevilas%2520Keilim.pdf Kof-K] quoting Rav Yacov Kamenetsky that such is the minhag </ref>However, some argue that it doesn't require Tevilah. <ref> Sh"t Igrot Moshe YD 3:24 </ref> Sephardim hold that that it requires but should be done without a bracha. <ref>http://halachayomit.co.il/QuestionDetails.aspx?ID=160 which is based on the opinions of Rav Ovadyah Yosef</ref> | # According to many authorities a toaster requires Tevilah with a bracha. <ref>Mishneh Halachot 9:162, Bear Moshe 4:100, Teshuvot VeHanhagot 1:450, Sefer [[Tevilat Kelim]] 11:52 quoting Rav Shlomo Zalman and Rav Wosner, Bayit HaYehudi 39:6, [https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kof-k.org%2Farticles%2F040108090413W-3%2520Tevilas%2520Keilim.pdf Kof-K] quoting Rav Yacov Kamenetsky that such is the minhag </ref>However, some argue that it doesn't require Tevilah. <ref> Sh"t Igrot Moshe YD 3:24 </ref> Sephardim hold that that it requires but should be done without a bracha. <ref>http://halachayomit.co.il/QuestionDetails.aspx?ID=160 which is based on the opinions of Rav Ovadyah Yosef</ref> | ||
# If the toaster will brake by being dipped in the mikvah one should either bring it to an Jewish expert mechanic who will take it apart (to the point that no everyone would know how to fix it) and put it back together or to give it to a non-Jew and then borrow it from him. <ref>http://halachayomit.co.il/QuestionDetails.aspx?ID=160, http://www.moreshet.co.il/web/shut/shut2.asp?id=118646</ref> | # If the toaster will brake by being dipped in the mikvah one should either bring it to an Jewish expert mechanic who will take it apart (to the point that no everyone would know how to fix it) and put it back together or to give it to a non-Jew and then borrow it from him. <ref>http://halachayomit.co.il/QuestionDetails.aspx?ID=160, http://www.moreshet.co.il/web/shut/shut2.asp?id=118646</ref> | ||
===Sandwich maker=== | ===Sandwich maker=== | ||
# A sandwich-maker needs to be Toveled. <ref> Rabbi B. Forst http://www.kashrut.com/articles/tevilas_keilim/ </ref> | # A sandwich-maker needs to be Toveled. <ref> Rabbi B. Forst http://www.kashrut.com/articles/tevilas_keilim/ </ref> | ||
# A blender needs Tevilah with a bracha. <ref>Bayit HaYehudi 39:6, Tevilat Kelim 11:14, Mishneh Halachot 2:32 </ref> | # A blender needs Tevilah with a bracha. <ref>Bayit HaYehudi 39:6, [[Tevilat Kelim]] 11:14, Mishneh Halachot 2:32 </ref> | ||
===Microwave=== | ===Microwave=== | ||
# Some say that a microwave (glass) tray which does not touch food doesn't require Tevilah, and if it does touch food then it requires Tevilah.<ref>[https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kof-k.org%2Farticles%2F040108090413W-3%2520Tevilas%2520Keilim.pdf Kof-K] </ref> However, some say that one should dip it without a bracha in all cases. <Ref>[http://www.star-k.org/cons-appr-tvilaskelim.htm Star-K] </ref> | # Some say that a microwave (glass) tray which does not touch food doesn't require Tevilah, and if it does touch food then it requires Tevilah.<ref>[https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kof-k.org%2Farticles%2F040108090413W-3%2520Tevilas%2520Keilim.pdf Kof-K] </ref> However, some say that one should dip it without a bracha in all cases. <Ref>[http://www.star-k.org/cons-appr-tvilaskelim.htm Star-K] </ref> | ||
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# It is unclear whether or not one who converts to Judaism is required to immerse the utensils he already owns. <ref>Sh"t Shevet HaLevi 4:92, 6:245(2) holds that a convert is required to immerse his vessels. Sh”t Yabia Omer YD 8:7 writes that seemingly the convert wouldn’t be obligated to immerse the utensils and quotes the Sefer Devarim Achadim (Rav Eliyahu Kalskin Siman 196), Shem MeShmuel (Parshat Matot), Sh”t Nezer HaKodesh 17 who agree. Yabia Omer concludes that one should immerse metal vessels without a Bracha and one wouldn’t need to immerse glass vessels. See Tzitz Eliezer 8:19-20, 22:49.</ref> | # It is unclear whether or not one who converts to Judaism is required to immerse the utensils he already owns. <ref>Sh"t Shevet HaLevi 4:92, 6:245(2) holds that a convert is required to immerse his vessels. Sh”t Yabia Omer YD 8:7 writes that seemingly the convert wouldn’t be obligated to immerse the utensils and quotes the Sefer Devarim Achadim (Rav Eliyahu Kalskin Siman 196), Shem MeShmuel (Parshat Matot), Sh”t Nezer HaKodesh 17 who agree. Yabia Omer concludes that one should immerse metal vessels without a Bracha and one wouldn’t need to immerse glass vessels. See Tzitz Eliezer 8:19-20, 22:49.</ref> | ||
==Bracha== | ==Bracha== | ||
# For one vessel the Bracha is Al Tevilat Kli and for multiple vessels the Bracha is Al Tevilat Kelim. After the fact, if one switched Kli for Kelim or the opposite one has fulfilled one’s obligation. <Ref>Yalkut Yosef YD 120:7 </ref> | # For one vessel the Bracha is Al Tevilat Kli and for multiple vessels the Bracha is Al [[Tevilat Kelim]]. After the fact, if one switched Kli for Kelim or the opposite one has fulfilled one’s obligation. <Ref>Yalkut Yosef YD 120:7 </ref> | ||
==If one didn't immerse a utensil== | ==If one didn't immerse a utensil== | ||
# A utensil may not be used, even once, before it is immersed in a mikva. <Ref> Rema Y.D. 120:8 </ref> | # A utensil may not be used, even once, before it is immersed in a mikva. <Ref> Rema Y.D. 120:8 </ref> | ||
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==Sources== | ==Sources== | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
[[Category:Kashrut]] | |||
