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Tefisat Yedey Adam: Difference between revisions
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→Kocho and Grama
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==Kocho and Grama== | ==Kocho and Grama== | ||
#Some achronim think that some rishonim hold anything which doesn't come from a person's hand directly isn't tefisat yad adam, even though it comes because of his movement.<ref>Maharam Shik YD 196 proves this from Rambam, but shows that it isn't the opinion of Rosh, Rashba, Raavad, Tur, and Shulchan Aruch.</ref> However, the halacha is that water that comes because of a person's movement is called tefisat yad adam and is invalid.<ref>Shach 201:46, [https://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=37194&st=&pgnum=260 Rabbi Akiva Eiger (Drush Vechiddush Ketavim)], Chazon Ish (Mikvaot Tinyana 3:17)</ref> | #Some achronim think that some rishonim hold anything which doesn't come from a person's hand directly isn't tefisat yad adam, even though it comes because of his movement.<ref>Maharam Shik YD 196 proves this from Rambam, but shows that it isn't the opinion of Rosh, Rashba, Raavad, Tur, and Shulchan Aruch.</ref> However, the halacha is that water that comes because of a person's movement is called tefisat yad adam and is invalid.<ref>Shach 201:46, [https://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=37194&st=&pgnum=260 Rabbi Akiva Eiger (Drush Vechiddush Ketavim)], Ben Ish Chai (Hod Yosef 71), Chazon Ish (Mikvaot Tinyana 3:17)</ref> | ||
#Many achronim hold that removing a spigot or something else that was preventing the water from entering the mikveh isn't considered tefisat yad adam and is not sheuvim or havaya al yedey dvar hamekabel tumah.<ref>Chatom Sofer YD 214 s.v. umay, [https://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=1428&st=&pgnum=150 Maharash Engel 1:52], Chazon Ish (Mikvaot Tinyana 3:17), Taharat Mayim siman 24 quoting Darkei Teshuva 195, and Emek Sheylah YD 48, 57. Chatom Sofer says it is grama. Chazon Ish says it isn't an issue because he didn't pick up the water.</ref> | #Many achronim hold that removing a spigot or something else that was preventing the water from entering the mikveh isn't considered tefisat yad adam and is not sheuvim or havaya al yedey dvar hamekabel tumah.<ref>Chatom Sofer YD 214 s.v. umay, [https://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=1428&st=&pgnum=150 Maharash Engel 1:52], Chazon Ish (Mikvaot Tinyana 3:17), Taharat Mayim siman 24 quoting Darkei Teshuva 195, and Emek Sheylah YD 48, 57. Chatom Sofer says it is grama. Chazon Ish says it isn't an issue because he didn't pick up the water.</ref> | ||
#Using certain types of pumps where the water doesn't come immediately is considered grama and not tefisat yadey adam.<ref>Rabbi Akiva Eiger ([https://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=37194&st=&pgnum=260 Derush Vchidush Ketamim]) writes that water pumped up by a person isn’t considered tefisat yadey adam since at the time of when one pulls up the pump nothing happens to the water directly. He calls it grama. This is quoted by the [http://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=8197&st=&pgnum=215 Lechem Vsimla (210:145)] and Divrei Yosef p. 147-8. Zichron Yosef YD 13 is lenient regarding using a pump since it is a koach kocho which isn’t considered like a maaseh of a person.</ref> Also, even if the water comes immediately once the first gush of water is tefisat yad adam and the rest is considered grama.<ref>Taharat Mayim siman 24 quotes this from the Aruch Hashulchan 201:75.</ref> | #Using certain types of pumps where the water doesn't come immediately is considered grama and not tefisat yadey adam.<ref>Rabbi Akiva Eiger ([https://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=37194&st=&pgnum=260 Derush Vchidush Ketamim]) writes that water pumped up by a person isn’t considered tefisat yadey adam since at the time of when one pulls up the pump nothing happens to the water directly. He calls it grama. This is quoted by the [http://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=8197&st=&pgnum=215 Lechem Vsimla (210:145)] and Divrei Yosef p. 147-8. Zichron Yosef YD 13 is lenient regarding using a pump since it is a koach kocho which isn’t considered like a maaseh of a person.</ref> Also, even if the water comes immediately once the first gush of water is tefisat yad adam and the rest is considered grama.<ref>Taharat Mayim siman 24 quotes this from the Aruch Hashulchan 201:75.</ref> | ||
#A pump powered by wind or water to pump water into a mikveh isn't tefisat yad adam after the first gush of water.<ref>Chazon Ish Mikvaot Tinyana 3:17 writes that the water comes with koach rishon is considered coming because of a person, but water that comes with koach sheni (water that wouldn't come if the pump was opened and closed immediately) is grama.</ref> | #A pump powered by wind or water to pump water into a mikveh isn't tefisat yad adam after the first gush of water.<ref>Chazon Ish Mikvaot Tinyana 3:17 writes that the water comes with koach rishon is considered coming because of a person, but water that comes with koach sheni (water that wouldn't come if the pump was opened and closed immediately) is grama. Ben Ish Chai (Hod Yosef 71) quotes Dvar Moshe 24 who writes that koach kocho is not an issue for tefisat yad adam. His proof is from a person riding an animal isn't tefisat yad adam (Tosefta 3:3). The reason is that the water moving is koach kocho of the rider. Maharam Shik 196 brings the same proof. However, Ben Ish Chai rejects the proof because animals walk on their own, so the animal moving isn't because of a person. </ref> | ||
#Melting ice with hot metal boards isn’t an issue of tefisat yadey adam since it is grama.<ref>Maharsham 1:200 writes that melting ice with hot metal boards isn’t tefisat yadey adam since it is a grama. Chatom Sofer 1:200, Maharam Shik 196, and Nachal Eshkol 53 agree.</ref> | #Melting ice with hot metal boards isn’t an issue of tefisat yadey adam since it is grama.<ref>Maharsham 1:200 writes that melting ice with hot metal boards isn’t tefisat yadey adam since it is a grama. Chatom Sofer 1:200, Maharam Shik 196, and Nachal Eshkol 53 agree.</ref> | ||
#If the water was drawn into a mikveh using an indirect or delayed reaction according to some poskim it is valid as it wasn’t drawn by a person directly.<ref>See discussion of pump above. Rabbi Akiva Eiger in Drush Vchidush cited by Lechem Vsimla 201:145 and Divrei Yosef p. 147 held that grama doesn’t make tefisat yadey adam. Maharit 17 also writes that anything which is pushed only with a koach sheni it is considered a grama and not an issue of tefisat yadey adam. Therefore, he writes that water that was drawn from a river into a mikveh using a water mill with buckets that had holes in them is kosher. Zichron Yosef 13 also writes that koach kocho doesn’t create tefisat yadey adam. Ben Ish Chai in Hod Yosef 71 writes that koach sheni is a discussion by shechita and to avoid the opinion of the Tevuot Shor if it is a koach shelishi it isn’t considered tefisat yadey adam. Divrei Yosef p. 148 supports this approach by saying that as long as the water isn’t naturally drawn into the mikveh it is invalid.</ref> | #If the water was drawn into a mikveh using an indirect or delayed reaction according to some poskim it is valid as it wasn’t drawn by a person directly.<ref>See discussion of pump above. Rabbi Akiva Eiger in Drush Vchidush cited by Lechem Vsimla 201:145 and Divrei Yosef p. 147 held that grama doesn’t make tefisat yadey adam. Maharit 17 also writes that anything which is pushed only with a koach sheni it is considered a grama and not an issue of tefisat yadey adam. Therefore, he writes that water that was drawn from a river into a mikveh using a water mill with buckets that had holes in them is kosher. Zichron Yosef 13 also writes that koach kocho doesn’t create tefisat yadey adam. Ben Ish Chai in Hod Yosef 71 writes that koach sheni is a discussion by shechita and to avoid the opinion of the Tevuot Shor if it is a koach shelishi it isn’t considered tefisat yadey adam. Divrei Yosef p. 148 supports this approach by saying that as long as the water isn’t naturally drawn into the mikveh it is invalid.</ref> | ||
