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Techum: Difference between revisions
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==Determining the Techum== | ==Determining the Techum== | ||
# If a person is alone in the desert, the Techum extends 2000 [[amot]] beyond the 4 [[amot]] area him. If one is in a house, the Techum is 2000 [[amot]] from outside the house. <ref>39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 4, pg 1386-7)</ref> | # If a person is alone in the desert, the Techum extends 2000 [[amot]] beyond the 4 [[amot]] area him. If one is in a house, the Techum is 2000 [[amot]] from outside the house. <ref>39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 4, pg 1386-7)</ref> | ||
# If one is in a village, town, or city, one may have 2000 [[amot]] from the outer bounds of the city, depending on the density of the houses.<ref>Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 95:2</ref> If there are 6 homes each within 70.66 [[amot]] of another home are considered a city and the Techum would begin from 2000 [[amot]] outside the group of houses. Any home that is within 70.66 [[amot]] of the established city is included in the city, however, a house which is more than 70.66 [[amot]] from other houses is not included in the city and the Techum for residents of that house is only 2000 [[amot]] from the edge of that house. Therefore, a suburban area with houses separated more than 70.66 [[amot]] are not considered part of a city and residents of a house only have 2000 [[amot]] from that house. <ref>39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 4, pg 1387-9). Rabbi Ribiat quotes the Minchat Shabbat who explicitly writes that we do have the halachic category of chatzerot nowadays in order to form a city. We still require that there's 2 houses to create a chetzer but if there's 6 houses we have a city. However, Rav Hershel Schachter ([https://www.yutorah.org/sidebar/lecture.cfm/814168/rabbi-hershel-schachter/shiur-99-shabbos-dechiya/ Shabbat Shiur 99 (very end)] and [https://www.yutorah.org/sidebar/lecture.cfm/814233/rabbi-hershel-schachter/shiur-100-shabbos-chazer-vs-mavui/ Shabbat Shiur 100 (beginning)]) holds that nowadays we don't have a city for techum since we don't use our chatzerot today like a room of the house. Therefore, since we need 3 chaterot to form a city (S"A 398:10) we can't have a city today. This is based on the Rama, Chazon Ish OC 65:52, and is discussed by Imrei Baruch Eruvin 40-41. | # If one is in a village, town, or city, one may have 2000 [[amot]] from the outer bounds of the city, depending on the density of the houses.<ref>Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 95:2</ref> If there are 6 homes each within 70.66 [[amot]] of another home are considered a city and the Techum would begin from 2000 [[amot]] outside the group of houses. Any home that is within 70.66 [[amot]] of the established city is included in the city, however, a house which is more than 70.66 [[amot]] from other houses is not included in the city and the Techum for residents of that house is only 2000 [[amot]] from the edge of that house. Therefore, a suburban area with houses separated more than 70.66 [[amot]] are not considered part of a city and residents of a house only have 2000 [[amot]] from that house. <ref>39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 4, pg 1387-9). Rabbi Ribiat quotes the Minchat Shabbat who explicitly writes that we do have the halachic category of chatzerot nowadays in order to form a city. We still require that there's 2 houses to create a chetzer but if there's 6 houses we have a city. Torat Shlomo Eruvin 19:19 p. 144 explicitly writes that even though we don't use the chatzerot today like rooms you can create a city without chatzerot. (See Chazon Ish OC 110:20 who might support this.) However, Rav Hershel Schachter ([https://www.yutorah.org/sidebar/lecture.cfm/814168/rabbi-hershel-schachter/shiur-99-shabbos-dechiya/ Shabbat Shiur 99 (very end)] and [https://www.yutorah.org/sidebar/lecture.cfm/814233/rabbi-hershel-schachter/shiur-100-shabbos-chazer-vs-mavui/ Shabbat Shiur 100 (beginning)]) holds that nowadays we don't have a city for techum since we don't use our chatzerot today like a room of the house. Therefore, since we need 3 chaterot to form a city (S"A 398:10) we can't have a city today. This is based on the Rama, Chazon Ish OC 65:52, and is discussed by Imrei Baruch Eruvin 40-41. | ||
The definition of a city is relevant to techum and eruv. See, however, Magen Avraham 398:15 who implies that an established city doesn't need 3 chatzerot. </ref> | The definition of a city is relevant to techum and eruv. See, however, Magen Avraham 398:15 who implies that an established city doesn't need 3 chatzerot. </ref> | ||
# Many cities have 2000 from the edge of the city which are drawn as a rectangle along the directions of a compass, from the edge of the northern most house, eastern most house, southern most house, and western most house. However, if the city is already rectangle, L-shaped, or arc shaped may not have this extension of squaring off the city.<ref>39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 4, pg 1391-2)</ref> | # Many cities have 2000 from the edge of the city which are drawn as a rectangle along the directions of a compass, from the edge of the northern most house, eastern most house, southern most house, and western most house. However, if the city is already rectangle, L-shaped, or arc shaped may not have this extension of squaring off the city.<ref>39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 4, pg 1391-2)</ref> | ||
