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Tanit Bechorot: Difference between revisions
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==The reason for the fast== | |||
# In commemoration of the miracle that Hashem saved the firstborn Jews from the plague of the firstborn. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 470:1</ref> | |||
==Which firstborns are obligated to fast?== | ==Which firstborns are obligated to fast?== | ||
# A firstborn of one’s mother or the firstborn of one’s father (or both) should fast on Erev Pesach. <Ref>S”A 470:1 </ref> | # A firstborn of one’s mother or the firstborn of one’s father (or both) should fast on Erev Pesach. <Ref>S”A 470:1 </ref> The reason is that Hashem killed both the firstborns of the father and of the mother in Egypt. <ref>Mishna Brurah 470:2</ref> | ||
# The minhag is that women don’t fast. <Ref>Rama 470:1, Mishna Brurah 470:4 </ref> However, Sephardic women who are firstborn should at least join in a Suedat Mitzvah in order to break the fast if possible. <Ref>S”A 470:1, Sh”t Yachava Daat 3:25, Sh”t Yabea Omer 4:42 </ref> | # The minhag is that women don’t fast. <Ref>Rama 470:1, Mishna Brurah 470:4 </ref> However, Sephardic women who are firstborn should at least join in a Suedat Mitzvah in order to break the fast if possible. <Ref>S”A 470:1, Sh”t Yachava Daat 3:25, Sh”t Yabea Omer 4:42 </ref> | ||
# Even a Levi or Cohen should fast. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 470:2 </ref> | # Even a Levi or Cohen should fast. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 470:2 </ref> | ||
# A groom within 7 days of the wedding doesn’t have to fast on | # A groom within 7 days of the wedding doesn’t have to fast on Tanit Bechorot. <Ref>Kovetz MeBet Levi (Nissan 5761 pg 86) </ref> | ||
# A father should fast in place of his son who is a firstborn but is under Bar Mitzvah | # A father should fast in place of his son who is a firstborn but is under Bar Mitzvah. According to the minhag to listen to a Siyum, the father should go to the Siyum in place of his son. <Ref>Rama 470:2, Piskei Teshuvot 470:6, Yosef Daat (Dinei Chinuch 16:3) </ref> | ||
# The Rama writes that if the father is a firstborn, the mother should fast for her firstborn son who is under Bar Mitzvah. <ref>Rama 470:2</ref> However, the Mishna Brurah quotes some poskim who say that the father's fast counts for the son as well. Therefore, the Mishna Brurah allows a mother to be lenient if she is in pain. <ref>Mishna Brurah 470:9</ref> | |||
==Those who are unable to fast== | ==Those who are unable to fast== | ||
# If someone will only be able to eat a very small amount because of the fast and won’t be able to fulfill the | # One who has an ache in his eyes or head is not required to fast. <ref>Mishna Brurah 470:2</ref> | ||
== | # If someone will only be able to eat a very small amount because of the fast and won’t be able to fulfill the mitzvot of Matzah and 4 cups of wine, one shouldn’t fast. Nevertheless, it is preferable that he just have snacks and not a meal. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 470:2 </ref> | ||
# If Erev Pesach falls out on [[Shabbat]], some say that one is not obligated to fast while others say that one should fast on Thursday | ==Tanit Bechorim on Friday and Shabbat== | ||
# If Erev Pesach falls out on Friday the fast should take place on that day. <ref>Mishna Brurah 470:5, Chazon Ovadyah Pesach pg 101 (5763 edition, pg 117) </ref> | # If Erev Pesach falls out on [[Shabbat]], some say that one is not obligated to fast while others say that one should fast on Thursday. The minhag follows the latter opinion. <Ref>S”A and Rama 470:2</ref> The minhag is to do a Siyum on Thursday and exempt oneself from the fast <Ref>Sh”t Igrot Moshe 4:69 writes that it’s sufficient to make a Siyum on Thursday and Piskei Teshuvot 470:4 writes that such is the minhag. Sh"t Yachava Daat 1:91, Chazon Ovadyah Pesach pg 100, and Or Letzion 3:12(2) write that even though the strict law is that the firstborns are exempt it's preferable that they join in a Siyum.</ref>, even those who fast Tanit Bechorot regular years. <Ref> Sh”t Elef Lecha Shlomo 1:386, </ref> Some say it’s preferable to make a Siyum on Friday in addition to the one on Thursday. <Ref>Sh”t Teshuvot Vehanhagot 2:111, Sh”t Mishneh Halachot 7:65, Orchot Rabbenu (vol 2 pg 57) </ref> | ||
# If Erev Pesach falls out on Friday, the fast should take place on that day. <ref>Mishna Brurah 470:5, Chazon Ovadyah Pesach pg 101 (5763 edition, pg 117) </ref> | |||
==Minhag to join a Siyum== | ==Minhag to join a Siyum== | ||
# Many are lenient to join in a | # Many are lenient to join in a Siyum and to hear the end of the Maasechet and the Siyum and then join for the Seudat Mitzvah and break the fast the rest of the day. <ref>Mishna Brurah 470:10, Piskei Teshuvot 470:6, 8 based on Igrot Moshe 4:49, Maharsham 215, and Aruch HaShulchan 470:5</ref> | ||
# Some say that it’s critical to understand the last piece of Gemara to join for the | # Some say that it’s critical to understand the last piece of Gemara to join for the Siyum, however, the minhag is to be lenient in any circumstance. <Ref>Piskei Teshuvot 470:10 </ref> | ||
# Preferably after hearing the Siyum one should eat a KeBaytzah of Mezonot or bread as a meal for the Siyum | # Preferably, after hearing the Siyum one should eat a KeBaytzah of Mezonot or bread as a meal for the Siyum. Some are lenient and allow one to break the fast after hearing a Siyum without eating there. <Ref>Piskei Teshuvot 470:11, Halichot Shlomo 8:1 </ref> | ||
# If one learned an entire | # If one learned an entire Maasechet except for one paragraph, it’s sufficient for a Siyum. <Ref>Halichot Shlomo 8:2 </ref> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
