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Taking a cruise over Shabbat: Difference between revisions
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[[Image:Cruise.jpg|300px|right]] | [[Image:Cruise.jpg|300px|right]] | ||
==Is it permissible to take a cruise over [[Shabbat]]?== | ==Is it permissible to take a cruise over [[Shabbat]]?== | ||
# According to Ashkenazim, | # According to Ashkenazim, some authorities forbid boarding a ship that will travel on [[Shabbat]] unless one boards the boat during the first three days of the week (Sunday through Tuesday), however, many poskim permit boarding on Friday since cruises today are calm and don't detract from oneg Shabbat. According to Sephardim, many authorities hold that one may not board a boat within 3 days of [[Shabbat]], meaning, preferably during the first three days of the week and if that’s not possible then even on Wednesday. However, some say that one is permitted to board a cruise/boat even on Friday.<ref> | ||
* The Gemara [[Shabbat]] 19a quotes the Briatta which states that one may not board a boat in order to travel on [[Shabbat]] unless one got on before 3 days before [[Shabbat]] (whether or not this includes Wednesday will be addressed later). | * The Gemara [[Shabbat]] 19a quotes the Briatta which states that one may not board a boat in order to travel on [[Shabbat]] unless one got on before 3 days before [[Shabbat]] (whether or not this includes Wednesday will be addressed later). | ||
* | * Raavan (Teshuvot 60) and Rabbenu Chananel (Shabbat 19a) explain the reason that it is forbidden to board a boat within 3 days of Shabbat is because of a violation of techumin. | ||
* However, | * Ri (Tosfot Eruvin 43a) holds that boarding a boat within 3 days of Shabbat is forbidden since it is similar to swimming, which chazal forbade since he might make a raft. | ||
* Ramban (Milchamot Hashem Shabbat 7b) explains that the reason for the prohibition is because the non-Jews are going to have to do melacha for him on Shabbat. | |||
* Rif ([[Shabbat]] 7a-b) explains that the reason for this restriction is that if one boards a boat within 3 days of [[Shabbat]] it will negatively impact the passenger’s oneg [[Shabbat]] (enjoyment of [[Shabbat]]), however, if it’s started earlier the passengers will get used to it and be able to enjoy [[Shabbat]]. The Rif adds that if the boat will travel lower than 10 [[Tefachim]] (to the ground of the river) there could be a violation of leaving the [[Techum]] and in such a case one wouldn’t be able to leave any day of the week. The Rosh ([[Shabbat]] 1:38) and Rambam ([[Shabbat]] 30:13) agree with this reason. | |||
* However, Baal HaMoer (on Rif) explains that the reason that one may not board a boat close to [[Shabbat]] is because it is likely that there will be life threatening danger which will necessitate a violation of [[Shabbat]]. However, when one enters the boat before 3 days before [[Shabbat]], there’s no issue because the obligation to prepare not to violate [[Shabbat]] even for life threatening danger doesn’t begin since the beginning of the week is not considered relevant to the upcoming [[Shabbat]] (Mishna Brurah’s introduction to 248 and Mishna Brurah 248:8). | |||
* The Bet Yosef 248:1 writes that according to the Baal HaMoer it seems that it would be forbidden to board the boat on Wednesday because Gemara Gittin 77a says that Sunday through Tuesday is part of the previous [[Shabbat]] and Wednesday to Friday is connected to the upcoming [[Shabbat]]. Then the Bet Yosef infers from the Rosh that it is permissible to board the boat on Wednesday. Mishna Brurah 248:8 writes that this question of whether Wednesday is a major dispute between the Magen Avraham who forbids and the Gra who permits and Mishna Brurah leaves it unresolved. Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 30:66 is strict only to allow entering the boat before Wednesday. Kaf HaChaim 248:7 writes that preferably one should be strict not to board on Wednesday but if it’s not possible one can be lenient. Menuchat Ahava (vol 1, 1:1-2) is lenient to permit entering on Wednesday unless it’s definite that there will be a violation of [[Shabbat]] (because life threatening situations). | * The Bet Yosef 248:1 writes that according to the Baal HaMoer it seems that it would be forbidden to board the boat on Wednesday because Gemara Gittin 77a says that Sunday through Tuesday is part of the previous [[Shabbat]] and Wednesday to Friday is connected to the upcoming [[Shabbat]]. Then the Bet Yosef infers from the Rosh that it is permissible to board the boat on Wednesday. Mishna Brurah 248:8 writes that this question of whether Wednesday is a major dispute between the Magen Avraham who forbids and the Gra who permits and Mishna Brurah leaves it unresolved. Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 30:66 is strict only to allow entering the boat before Wednesday. Kaf HaChaim 248:7 writes that preferably one should be strict not to board on Wednesday but if it’s not possible one can be lenient. Menuchat Ahava (vol 1, 1:1-2) is lenient to permit entering on Wednesday unless it’s definite that there will be a violation of [[Shabbat]] (because life threatening situations). | ||
* Menuchat Ahava (vol 1, 1:2) writes that nowadays since the boats are calmer and it’s less likely that it will ruin one’s oneg [[Shabbat]] it’s permissible to board the boat on Friday. [http://www.ou.org/webcast_kosher Rabbi Yisrael Belsky] (OU Kosher Webcast, December 2011, min 3-9) says that nowadays the minhag is to be lenient and there is what to rely on. However, Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 30:66 rules that trips for vacation may only board the ship on the first three days of the week even nowadays. ([http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/728838/Rabbi_Hershel_Schachter/Eruvin_Shiur_#118 Rav Herschel Schachter] (min 77) seems to agree.) VeDaber Davar (Rav Shmuel Pinchasi, 1:25), Chut Sheni (Rav Nassim Karlitz, vol 1, pg 72), and [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/displayRead.asp?readID=1594 Daily Halacha by Rabbi Mansour] agree with Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata. Similarly, Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 1, pg 48) argues that one should not be lenient unless one frequently travels by boat and isn’t bothered by the travel. </ref>This is all on condition that the captain and crew are non-Jewish and that a majority of the passengers are non-Jewish. <Ref> | * Menuchat Ahava (vol 1, 1:2) writes that nowadays since the boats are calmer and it’s less likely that it will ruin one’s oneg [[Shabbat]] it’s permissible to board the boat on Friday. [http://www.ou.org/webcast_kosher Rabbi Yisrael Belsky] (OU Kosher Webcast, December 2011, min 3-9) says that nowadays the minhag is to be lenient and there is what to rely on. Rav Elyashiv (Hilchot Shabbat Bshabbato v. 1 ch. 2 fnt. 8) agrees. However, Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 30:66 rules that trips for vacation may only board the ship on the first three days of the week even nowadays. ([http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/728838/Rabbi_Hershel_Schachter/Eruvin_Shiur_#118 Rav Herschel Schachter] (min 77) seems to agree.) VeDaber Davar (Rav Shmuel Pinchasi, 1:25), Chut Sheni (Rav Nassim Karlitz, vol 1, pg 72), and [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/displayRead.asp?readID=1594 Daily Halacha by Rabbi Mansour] agree with Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata. Similarly, Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 1, pg 48) argues that one should not be lenient unless one frequently travels by boat and isn’t bothered by the travel. </ref> This is all on condition that the captain and crew are non-Jewish and that a majority of the passengers are non-Jewish. <Ref> | ||
* Menuchat Ahava (vol 1, 1:2) writes that if the crew or captain is Jewish and will work on [[Shabbat]] it’s forbidden to board the boat any day of the week. Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]], vol 1, pg 48), Sh”t Yechave Daat 6:16, and VeDaber Davar (Rav Shmuel Pinchasi 1:22) agree. | * Menuchat Ahava (vol 1, 1:2) writes that if the crew or captain is Jewish and will work on [[Shabbat]] it’s forbidden to board the boat any day of the week. Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]], vol 1, pg 48), Sh”t Yechave Daat 6:16, and VeDaber Davar (Rav Shmuel Pinchasi 1:22) agree. | ||
* Menuchat Ahava (vol 1, 1:2) writes that it is only permissible if a majority of the passengers are non-Jewish, otherwise, the crew is working on [[Shabbat]] for the benefit of Jewish and would be forbidden (as [[Amirah LeNochri]]). Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 30:66 (and note 221) adds if the ship travels on a schedule and would travel with or without passengers then it would be permissible even if there’s a majority of Jews, but if without the Jewish passengers they would cancel the trip it wouldn’t be forbidden. </ref> | * Menuchat Ahava (vol 1, 1:2) writes that it is only permissible if a majority of the passengers are non-Jewish, otherwise, the crew is working on [[Shabbat]] for the benefit of Jewish and would be forbidden (as [[Amirah LeNochri]]). Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 30:66 (and note 221) adds if the ship travels on a schedule and would travel with or without passengers then it would be permissible even if there’s a majority of Jews, but if without the Jewish passengers they would cancel the trip it wouldn’t be forbidden. </ref> | ||
# If the ship is owned by Jews, consult your local Rabbi. <Ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 33:66 (not 222) writes that one should consult a Rabbi. See also http://www.yeshiva.org.il/ask/eng/?id=5290 who expressly forbids if it's owned by Jews. </ref> | # If the ship is owned by Jews, consult your local Rabbi. <Ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 33:66 (not 222) writes that one should consult a Rabbi. See also http://www.yeshiva.org.il/ask/eng/?id=5290 who expressly forbids if it's owned by Jews. </ref> | ||
==Boarding the boat on Shabbat== | ==Boarding the boat on Shabbat== | ||
# It is forbidden to board a boat on [[Shabbat]] if it will travel on [[Shabbat]] even for mitzvah purposes. <ref>Menuchat Ahava (vol 1, 1:4) forbids boarding a boat which will begin to travel on [[Shabbat]] even for the purposes of a mitzvah. Mishna Brurah 248:2 writes that it's forbidden to board a boat which will begin to travel on [[Shabbat]] but if it's for mitzvah purposes there's a dispute whether it is permissible. </ref> | # It is forbidden to board a boat on [[Shabbat]] if it will travel on [[Shabbat]] even for mitzvah purposes. <ref>Menuchat Ahava (vol 1, 1:4) forbids boarding a boat which will begin to travel on [[Shabbat]] even for the purposes of a mitzvah. Mishna Brurah 248:2 writes that it's forbidden to board a boat which will begin to travel on [[Shabbat]] but if it's for mitzvah purposes there's a dispute whether it is permissible. </ref> | ||
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[[Category:Shabbat]] | [[Category:Shabbat]] | ||
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