3,231
edits
Fast Days: Difference between revisions
From Halachipedia
no edit summary
m (Text replace - "]]==" to "==") |
No edit summary |
||
| Line 35: | Line 35: | ||
# Even somebody who ends Shabbat according to the time of Rabbeinu Tam, may be lenient and end these rabbinic fasts according to the time of the Gra. <ref> Yalkut Yosef 293:4 </ref> | # Even somebody who ends Shabbat according to the time of Rabbeinu Tam, may be lenient and end these rabbinic fasts according to the time of the Gra. <ref> Yalkut Yosef 293:4 </ref> | ||
'''Travel''' | '''Travel''' | ||
# Some poskim says that one who travels during a fast, should finish the fast according to his arrival destination. <ref> Iggerot Moshe 3:96. This applies even if on [[Tisha BeAv]] his fast will last less than 24 hours. However, Sh"t Yaskil Avdi 8:38 says that although the public fast ends according to the time of his place of arrival, an individual has a personal obligation to fast twenty hours on [[Tisha BeAv]] and that he should continue fasting into the tenth of Av to complete his 24 hours. </ref> | # Some poskim says that one who travels during a fast, should finish the fast according to his arrival destination. <ref> Iggerot Moshe 3:96, [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/displayRead.asp?readID=2183 Rabbi Eli Mansour in the names of Rav Moshe and Chacham Ovadia Yosef] This applies even if on [[Tisha BeAv]] his fast will last less than 24 hours. However, Sh"t Yaskil Avdi 8:38 says that although the public fast ends according to the time of his place of arrival, an individual has a personal obligation to fast twenty hours on [[Tisha BeAv]] and that he should continue fasting into the tenth of Av to complete his 24 hours. </ref> | ||
===Washing oneself and swimming=== | ===Washing oneself and swimming=== | ||
# A Baal Nefesh should be strict not to wash oneself in hot water or anoint oneself, however it’s permitted to wash with cold water or wash one’s hands, feet, and face with hot water. <Ref> Mishna Brurah 550:6 and Shaar HaTzion 550:8. Yalkut Yosef Moadim page 530 permits washing one's body with hot water, but adds that one who is strict is praiseworthy. </ref> | # A Baal Nefesh should be strict not to wash oneself in hot water or anoint oneself, however it’s permitted to wash with cold water or wash one’s hands, feet, and face with hot water. <Ref> Mishna Brurah 550:6 and Shaar HaTzion 550:8. Yalkut Yosef Moadim page 530 permits washing one's body with hot water, but adds that one who is strict is praiseworthy. </ref> | ||
## If Asara BeTevet falls out on Friday, one shouldn’t be strict and rather should wash oneself because of Kavod [[Shabbat]]. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 550:6 </ref> | ## If Asara BeTevet falls out on Friday, one shouldn’t be strict and rather should wash oneself because of Kavod [[Shabbat]]. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 550:6 </ref> | ||
# One shouldn’t go swimming in a pool or ocean on a fast day. <Ref> Piskei Teshuvot 550:6 and Sh”t Bear Moshe 3:77 </ref> | # One shouldn’t go swimming in a pool or ocean on a fast day. <Ref> Piskei Teshuvot 550:6 and Sh”t Bear Moshe 3:77, Rav Moshe Feinstein quoted in Moadei Yeshurun page 108. Nitai Gavriel page 34 allows children to swim. </ref> | ||
===Brushing one’s teeth=== | ===Brushing one’s teeth=== | ||
# According to Sephardim, for all fasts besides Tisha BeAv and Yom Kippur, in a case of need one may rinse one’s mouth with less than a [[Reviyit]] of water as long as one is careful to spit it out completely. According to Ashkenazim, only if one is in pain may one rinse one’s mouth and in such a case one should bend one’s head downward so one doesn’t swallow any water. On Tisha BeAv one may rinse one’s mouth only if one is in great pain, and on Yom Kippur one must be strict. <Ref> | # According to Sephardim, for all fasts besides Tisha BeAv and Yom Kippur, in a case of need one may rinse one’s mouth with less than a [[Reviyit]] of water as long as one is careful to spit it out completely. According to Ashkenazim, only if one is in pain may one rinse one’s mouth and in such a case one should bend one’s head downward so one doesn’t swallow any water. On Tisha BeAv one may rinse one’s mouth only if one is in great pain, and on Yom Kippur one must be strict. <Ref> | ||
| Line 50: | Line 50: | ||
# One may swallow saliva that accumulates in one’s mouth. <Ref> Mishna Brurah 567:13 </ref> Some say that if it’s easy one should be strict and spit it out. <Ref> Chaye Adam 132:22, Mateh Efraim 612:7, Moadim UZmanim 1:59 </ref> While others say that the minhag is to be lenient altogether. <Ref> Piskei Teshuvot 567:2, Bet Meir, Ashel Avraham, Aruch HaShulchan 567:4 </ref> | # One may swallow saliva that accumulates in one’s mouth. <Ref> Mishna Brurah 567:13 </ref> Some say that if it’s easy one should be strict and spit it out. <Ref> Chaye Adam 132:22, Mateh Efraim 612:7, Moadim UZmanim 1:59 </ref> While others say that the minhag is to be lenient altogether. <Ref> Piskei Teshuvot 567:2, Bet Meir, Ashel Avraham, Aruch HaShulchan 567:4 </ref> | ||
===Recitation of Aneinu=== | ===Recitation of Aneinu=== | ||
# The addition of aneinu is recited by the sephardim during [[Shacharit]] and [[Mincha]] <ref> Shulchan Aruch 565:3 because even if you don't end up finishing the fast because you get sick from fasting, it is still a public fast day. </ref> , and for the ashkenazim only in mincha. <ref> Rama 565:3 Mishna Berura 568:10 says that you should even say aneinu if you daven [[Mincha]] gedola because even if you end up eating you at least fasted until chatzot. </ref> | # The addition of aneinu is recited by the sephardim during [[Shacharit]] and [[Mincha]] <ref> Shulchan Aruch 565:3 because even if you don't end up finishing the fast because you get sick from fasting, it is still a public fast day. Yalkut Yosef Moadim page 536 adds that one recites aneinu at night on tisha b’av. </ref> , and for the ashkenazim only in mincha. <ref> Rama 565:3 Mishna Berura 568:10 says that you should even say aneinu if you daven [[Mincha]] gedola because even if you end up eating you at least fasted until chatzot. </ref> | ||
# The individual inserts this paragraph in the beracha of shomea tefilla, and finishes as usual, and the chazzan during chazarat hashatz says it as a beracha on its own between the berachot of goel and rofe. <ref> Yalkut Yosef Moadim page 536-537 </ref> | # A child who is not fasting still recites aneinu for chinuch purposes. <ref> Shevet halevi 8:131 </ref> | ||
# The individual inserts this paragraph in the beracha of shomea tefilla, and finishes as usual, and the chazzan during chazarat hashatz says it as a beracha on its own between the berachot of goel and rofe. <ref> Yalkut Yosef Moadim page 536-537 based on S"A 566:1 </ref> | |||
# If one forgot to recite aneinu, and already said baruch atta Hashem to conclude the beracha of shomea tefilla, he shouldn't say lamdeini chukecha there or insert it right after the beracha, but instead should say it after elokai nitzor and say it without any beracha. <ref> Yabia Omer 1:22 </ref> | # If one forgot to recite aneinu, and already said baruch atta Hashem to conclude the beracha of shomea tefilla, he shouldn't say lamdeini chukecha there or insert it right after the beracha, but instead should say it after elokai nitzor and say it without any beracha. <ref> Yabia Omer 1:22 </ref> | ||
# If someone is reciting his silent shmoneh esrei along with the chazzan's chazzarat hashatz, he should say aneinu in shomea tefilla, and not with the chazzan saying it between goel and rofe. <ref> Yalkut Yosef Moadim page 537, Biur Halacha 565:1 </ref> | # If someone is reciting his silent shmoneh esrei along with the chazzan's chazzarat hashatz, he should say aneinu in shomea tefilla, and not with the chazzan saying it between goel and rofe. <ref> Yalkut Yosef Moadim page 537, Biur Halacha 565:1 </ref> | ||
===Reading the Torah=== | |||
# On all rabbinic public fast days, we read Shemot 32:11-14 and 34:1-10, both in the morning and the afternoon, except Tisha B'Av morning. <ref> S"A 566:1 </ref> | |||
# According to Ashkenazim, on the fasts other than Tisha B'av the haftara of Isaiah 55:6-56:8 is read during mincha but not shacharit. <ref> Rama 566:1 </ref> | |||
# Ashkenazim have a custom is certain verses are read aloud by the congregation. The individual who is called up for that aliyah should not read the verses aloud with the congregation but instead should wait until the reader says them aloud and read along with him. <ref> Mishnah Berurah 566:3. </ref> | |||
# On a weekday other than a monday and thursday, somebody who is not fasting may not receive an aliya to the torah. <ref> Mishna Berura 566:19 </ref> On a monday or thursday, since there is torah reading anyway, some poskim permit it. <ref> Magen Avraham 566:8 one who is not fasting may receive an aliyah because the torah would have been read even if not for the fast, while the Maamar Mordechai 566:5 disagrees since the content of the Torah reading is for that of a fast day and not for the week's parsha. Mishna Berurah 566:19 says if one was already called up everyone agrees that he may go up. </ref> | |||
===Other Halachas of fast days=== | ===Other Halachas of fast days=== | ||
# On all of these rabbinic fasts besides for tisha b'av one is permitted to wash, anoint, wear leather, and have relations. <ref> S"A 550:2, Yalkut Yosef Moadim page 530. This is unlike the Ramban in Torat HaAdam (Chavel edition, page 244) who says that all of these fast days last from sunset the night before, and all the activities that are forbidden on tisha b'av are forbidden on these as well. The Shla Taanit 43b says the only reason not everybody accepted this is because it is something that is too hard for all of the congregation to hold, but on a personal level each person should make an effort to refrain from this. Mishna Berura 550:6 quotes this as well but notes that one should continue to wear leather shoes so as not to publicize it too much. </ref> | # On all of these rabbinic fasts besides for tisha b'av one is permitted to wash, anoint, wear leather, and have relations. <ref> S"A 550:2, Yalkut Yosef Moadim page 530. This is unlike the Ramban in Torat HaAdam (Chavel edition, page 244) who says that all of these fast days last from sunset the night before, and all the activities that are forbidden on tisha b'av are forbidden on these as well. The Shla Taanit 43b says the only reason not everybody accepted this is because it is something that is too hard for all of the congregation to hold, but on a personal level each person should make an effort to refrain from this. Mishna Berura 550:6 quotes this as well but notes that one should continue to wear leather shoes so as not to publicize it too much. </ref> | ||
# On the Shabbat prior to Asara Bitevet and Shiva Asar bitammuz, we announce the day of the fast prior to saying mussaf. <ref> Yalkut Yosef Moadim page 530 </ref> | # On the Shabbat prior to Asara Bitevet and Shiva Asar bitammuz, we announce the day of the fast prior to saying mussaf. <ref> Yalkut Yosef Moadim page 530 </ref> | ||
# A restaurant or store owner should preferably refrain from giving out food unless it is known that it is for sick people or for after the fast, and even if there are other places where people can access food. <ref> Yechave Daat 3:67 </ref> | # A restaurant or store owner should preferably refrain from giving out food unless it is known that it is for sick people or for after the fast, and even if there are other places where people can access food. <ref> Yechave Daat 3:67 </ref> | ||
'''Medicine''' | |||
# Prescribed medications may be taken, and if one has difficulty swallowing the pills they may use a minimal amount of water, the amount needed to swallow them. <ref> Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach quoted in Nishmas Avraham 5: page 46, Nitai Gavriel page 30 </ref> | |||
'''If one made a Bracha by accident''' | '''If one made a Bracha by accident''' | ||
# According to Sephardim, if one made a Bracha by accident and then realized that it was a fast day, one should eat a very small amount just enough that one can taste it and continue on fasting. According to Ashkenazim, one shouldn't taste anything but just say Baruch Shem. <Ref> Birkei Yosef 568, Sh”t Yabea Omer Y”D 2:5(6), O”C 4:41 and 10:41, Yalkut Yosef (Kitzur S”A 550:26 and Tefilla 1:89) however, Kaf HaChaim 568:16, Daat Torah (of the Maharsham) 568:1, Sh”t Mishneh Halachot 7:80, Sh”t Shevet Sofer O”C 25, [http://www.yeshiva.org.il/midrash/shiur.asp?id=411#7a Peninei Halacha (Rabbi Elazar Melamed)], Halachos of Brachos (Rabbi Bodner, pg 207, note 39), and Piskei Teshuvot 568:2 rule that one shouldn’t eat it but rather say Baruch Shem. Teshuvot VeHanhagot 1:329 writes that one should taste it, not swallow, and then spit it out. [http://www.yeshiva.org.il/midrash/printShiur.aspx/1762 Rav Mordechai Eliyahu] quotes the differing opinions and doesn't give a ruling. </ref> | # According to Sephardim, if one made a Bracha by accident and then realized that it was a fast day, one should eat a very small amount just enough that one can taste it and continue on fasting. According to Ashkenazim, one shouldn't taste anything but just say Baruch Shem. <Ref> Birkei Yosef 568, Sh”t Yabea Omer Y”D 2:5(6), O”C 4:41 and 10:41, Yalkut Yosef (Kitzur S”A 550:26 and Tefilla 1:89) however, Kaf HaChaim 568:16, Daat Torah (of the Maharsham) 568:1, Sh”t Mishneh Halachot 7:80, Sh”t Shevet Sofer O”C 25, [http://www.yeshiva.org.il/midrash/shiur.asp?id=411#7a Peninei Halacha (Rabbi Elazar Melamed)], Halachos of Brachos (Rabbi Bodner, pg 207, note 39), and Piskei Teshuvot 568:2 rule that one shouldn’t eat it but rather say Baruch Shem. Teshuvot VeHanhagot 1:329 writes that one should taste it, not swallow, and then spit it out. [http://www.yeshiva.org.il/midrash/printShiur.aspx/1762 Rav Mordechai Eliyahu] quotes the differing opinions and doesn't give a ruling. </ref> | ||
| Line 75: | Line 83: | ||
# It’s permitted to make a [[Shehecheyanu]] on a fast day. <Ref> Piskei Teshuvot 550:8 in name of Pri Megadim A”A 551:42 and Kaf HaChaim 550:209 </ref> | # It’s permitted to make a [[Shehecheyanu]] on a fast day. <Ref> Piskei Teshuvot 550:8 in name of Pri Megadim A”A 551:42 and Kaf HaChaim 550:209 </ref> | ||
'''Taking a haircut''' | '''Taking a haircut''' | ||
# There’s a dispute whether one may take a haircut on a fast day and it’s preferable not to. <Ref> Rav Chaim Palagi in Ruach Chaim 566:4 is strict. Or Letzion and Piskei Teshuvot 550:8 agree. However, Yalkut Yosef and Tzitz Eliezer are lenient. </ref> | # There’s a dispute whether one may take a haircut on a fast day and it’s preferable not to. <Ref> Rav Chaim Palagi in Ruach Chaim 566:4 is strict. Or Letzion and Piskei Teshuvot 550:8 agree. However, Yalkut Yosef and Tzitz Eliezer 7:49:12 are lenient but still say its preferable not to. </ref> | ||
'''Making a hundred Brachot''' | '''Making a hundred Brachot''' | ||
# Some Sephardim had the minhag to wear tefillin on fast days at Mincha so as to complete 100 Brachot, however the widespread minhag isn’t so. <Ref> Sh”t Yechava Daat 2:67 </ref> | # Some Sephardim had the minhag to wear tefillin on fast days at Mincha so as to complete 100 Brachot, however the widespread minhag isn’t so. <Ref> Sh”t Yechava Daat 2:67 </ref> | ||
