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Chodesh Elul: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Selichot.jpg|300px|right]] | [[File:Selichot.jpg|300px|right]] | ||
The month of Elul is a time for personal reflection and preparation for the Yamim Noraim (High Holy Days). It is a time to repent for one's sins, to make amends with others, and to focus on one's relationship with God. There are many practices that are traditionally | The month of Elul is a time for personal reflection and preparation for the Yamim Noraim (High Holy Days). It is a time to repent for one's sins, to make amends with others, and to focus on one's relationship with God. There are many practices that are traditionally observed during Elul, such as: Selichot (additional supplications said each morning), the recitation of L'dovid Hashem Ori (Tehillim 27), and the blowing of the shofar. | ||
==Selichot== | ==Selichot== | ||
===When to Start Reciting Selichot=== | ===When to Start Reciting Selichot=== | ||
# The Sephardic minhag is to begin reciting [[Selichot]] from the day after [[Rosh Chodesh]] [[Elul]].<ref>Shulchan Aruch Orach Chaim 581:1<br> | # The Sephardic minhag is to begin reciting [[Selichot]] from the day after [[Rosh Chodesh]] [[Elul]].<ref>Shulchan Aruch Orach Chaim 581:1<br> | ||
The Rosh ([[Rosh Hashana]] 4:14) writes that a number of [[Geonim]] had the minhag of saying [[Selichot]] during the [[Aseret Yemei Teshuva]], while other places said them from [[Rosh Chodesh]] [[Elul]] because that is when Moshe was on Har Sinai receiving the second Luchot. These were days of prayer and begging for mercy for the Jewish people, concluding with Yom Kippur as the day of atonement. Tur Orach Chaim 581 notes that there are three different traditions and adds that the Ashkenaz tradition is to begin on the Saturday Night prior to Rosh Hashanah when Rosh HaShanah begins on Thursday or [[Shabbat]]. If it begins on Monday or Tuesday, [[Selichot]] begin on the Sunday prior to that. While the Rambam ([[Teshuva]] 3:4) follows the minhag of the Geonim, Shulchan Aruch Orach Chaim 581:1 writes that the Sephardic minhag is to begin reciting [[Selichot]] from [[Rosh Chodesh]] [[Elul]]. <br> | The Rosh ([[Rosh Hashana]] 4:14) writes that a number of [[Geonim]] had the minhag of saying [[Selichot]] during the [[Aseret Yemei Teshuva]], while other places said them from [[Rosh Chodesh]] [[Elul|Elul,]] because that is when Moshe was on Har Sinai receiving the second Luchot. These were days of prayer and begging for mercy for the Jewish people, concluding with Yom Kippur as the day of atonement. Tur Orach Chaim 581 notes that there are three different traditions and adds that the Ashkenaz tradition is to begin on the Saturday Night prior to Rosh Hashanah when Rosh HaShanah begins on Thursday or [[Shabbat]]. If it begins on Monday or Tuesday, [[Selichot]] begin on the Sunday prior to that. While the Rambam ([[Teshuva]] 3:4) follows the minhag of the Geonim, Shulchan Aruch Orach Chaim 581:1 writes that the Sephardic minhag is to begin reciting [[Selichot]] from [[Rosh Chodesh]] [[Elul]]. <br> | ||
* Maamar Mordechai (Rav Mordechai Eliyahu) 34:1, Yalkut Yosef Moadim page 9, Chazon Ovadia Yamim Noraim page 1 agree that such is the Sephardic minhag. | *Maamar Mordechai (Rav Mordechai Eliyahu) 34:1, Yalkut Yosef Moadim page 9, Chazon Ovadia Yamim Noraim page 1 agree that such is the Sephardic minhag. | ||
* This is also quoted by the Arizal in Shaar Hakavanot 89:4, Ravyah 542, Machzor Vitri 323, Kol Bo 65. Meiri Chibur Hateshuva Page 207 says this is what should be done, and adds that [[selichot]] is a partial fulfillment of learning the laws of each [[holidays]] 30 days prior. | *This is also quoted by the Arizal in Shaar Hakavanot 89:4, Ravyah 542, Machzor Vitri 323, Kol Bo 65. Meiri Chibur Hateshuva Page 207 says this is what should be done, and adds that [[selichot]] is a partial fulfillment of learning the laws of each [[holidays]] 30 days prior. | ||
* Magen Avraham 581:2 explains that Shulchan Aruch means from after [[Rosh Chodesh]] and not on [[Rosh Chodesh]] itself. Mishna Brura 581:1 and Chazon Ovadia (Yamim Noraim pg. 2) agree. | *Magen Avraham 581:2 explains that Shulchan Aruch means from after [[Rosh Chodesh]] and not on [[Rosh Chodesh]] itself. Mishna Brura 581:1 and Chazon Ovadia (Yamim Noraim pg. 2) agree. | ||
* see also Sefer HaManhig Hilchot [[Rosh Hashana]] 1:25 </ref> | *see also Sefer HaManhig Hilchot [[Rosh Hashana]] 1:25</ref> | ||
# The Ashkenazic custom is to start reciting [[Selichot]] from the Sunday before [[Rosh HaShana]], unless [[Rosh HaShana]] falls out on Monday or Tuesday, in which case, Ashkenazim start from two Sundays before [[Rosh HaShana]].<ref>See previous footnote. Rama Orach Chaim 581:1 writes that the minhag Ashekenaz is to start saying [[Selichot]] from the Sunday before [[Rosh HaShana]] unless [[Rosh HaShana]] falls out on Monday or Tuesday, in which case, Ashkenazim start from two Sundays before [[Rosh HaShana]]. Mishna Brurah 581:6 explains that the reason that the preparation is no less than four days is because some had the custom to fast for ten days prior to [[Yom Kippur]], however, since one can’t fast on the two days of Rosh Hashana, [[Shabbat]] Shuvah, or Erev [[Yom Kippur]], one had to begin fasting four days prior to [[Rosh HaShana]] (see there for other reasons). </ref> | # The Ashkenazic custom is to start reciting [[Selichot]] from the Sunday before [[Rosh HaShana]], unless [[Rosh HaShana]] falls out on Monday or Tuesday, in which case, Ashkenazim start from two Sundays before [[Rosh HaShana]].<ref>See previous footnote. Rama Orach Chaim 581:1 writes that the minhag Ashekenaz is to start saying [[Selichot]] from the Sunday before [[Rosh HaShana]] unless [[Rosh HaShana]] falls out on Monday or Tuesday, in which case, Ashkenazim start from two Sundays before [[Rosh HaShana]]. Mishna Brurah 581:6 explains that the reason that the preparation is no less than four days is because some had the custom to fast for ten days prior to [[Yom Kippur]], however, since one can’t fast on the two days of Rosh Hashana, [[Shabbat]] Shuvah, or Erev [[Yom Kippur]], one had to begin fasting four days prior to [[Rosh HaShana]] (see there for other reasons). </ref> | ||
# | # [[Selichot]] are not recited on [[Shabbat]].<ref>Maamar Mordechai (Rav Mordechai Eliyahu) 34:2 writes that there are no [[Selichot]] on [[Shabbat]]. </ref> | ||
===Who is Obligated in Selichot=== | ===Who is Obligated in Selichot=== | ||
