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When Is the Earliest and Latest Time to Pray?: Difference between revisions
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When Is the Earliest and Latest Time to Pray? (view source)
Revision as of 18:35, 14 July 2024
, 14 July→After Sunset: I think by loosely explaining the 2 shitot of the geonim and Rabbenu Tam, a lot becomes clear.
(→After Sunset: I think by loosely explaining the 2 shitot of the geonim and Rabbenu Tam, a lot becomes clear.) |
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====After Sunset==== | ====After Sunset==== | ||
#The Gemara relates, that there is a halachic period of time during twilight called "bein hashmashot." This period of time is, halachically, a mix of day and night. Before that time is considered day and after which it is considered night.<ref>Gemara Shabbat 34b. There is a dispute there between Rabbi Yehuda Rabbi Nechemia and Rabbi Yosi. Rabbi Yehuda says that ''bein hasmashot'' begins when the sun (''lit.)'' sinks and lasts until the upper part of the eastern sky is dark. Rabbi Nechemia says that ''bein hashmashot'' starts when the sun sinks and lasts for the duration of 0.5 ''mil.'' Rabbi Yosi says that ''bein hasmashot'' lasts for "a blink of an eye". Gemara Shabbat 35b quotes Rav Yehuda in the name of Shmuel that when there is one star it is still day, two stars is ''bein hashmashot'', three stars is night. Gemara Shabbat 35a writes that the halacha is in accordance with both Rabbi Yehuda and Rabbi Yosi. Rif Shabbat Chap.2, Rosh Shabbat Chap 2:23, and others maintain that the halacha follows Shmuel as well. | #The Gemara relates, that there is a halachic period of time during twilight called ''"bein hashmashot."'' This period of time is, halachically, a mix of day and night. Before that time is considered day and after which it is considered night.<ref>Gemara Shabbat 34b. There is a dispute there between Rabbi Yehuda Rabbi Nechemia and Rabbi Yosi. Rabbi Yehuda says that ''bein hasmashot'' begins when the sun (''lit.)'' sinks and lasts until the upper part of the eastern sky is dark. Rabbi Nechemia says that ''bein hashmashot'' starts when the sun sinks and lasts for the duration of 0.5 ''mil.'' Rabbi Yosi says that ''bein hasmashot'' lasts for "a blink of an eye". Gemara Shabbat 35b quotes Rav Yehuda in the name of Shmuel that when there is one star it is still day, two stars is ''bein hashmashot'', three stars is night. Gemara Shabbat 35a writes that the halacha is in accordance with both Rabbi Yehuda and Rabbi Yosi. Rif Shabbat Chap.2, Rosh Shabbat Chap 2:23, and others maintain that the halacha follows Shmuel as well. | ||
*These are the bases for the discussion amongst the ''poskim'' as to the time of ''bein hashmashot''. To see how this translates into the common halacha and for a full discussion see Hazmanim B'halacha Chap. 40 </ref> | *These are the bases for the discussion amongst the ''poskim'' as to the time of ''bein hashmashot''. To see how this translates into the common halacha and for a full discussion see Hazmanim B'halacha Chap. 40 </ref> | ||
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*See Hazmanim B'halacha Chap 41 for a complete discussion.</ref> | *See Hazmanim B'halacha Chap 41 for a complete discussion.</ref> | ||
#Some ''poskim'' write, that even according to Rabbenu Tam, in areas of a lower latitude where three medium-sized stars are visible earlier, ''tzet hakochavim'' would be at the time when the stars are visible.<ref>Minchas Kohen 2:5 ''s.v.'' ''she'im'', Biur Halacha 261:2 ''s.v. kodem'' and Igros Moshe O.C. IV:62 agree. Rav Moshe writes that in New York the time for ''tzet'' according to Rabbenu Tam is 50 minutes after ''shkiya''; however, he writes that it is proper for G-d fearing Jews to wait 72 minutes to end Shabbat, as was the custom in Europe. See Hazmanim B'halacha Chap. 42 for a complete discussion.</ref> | #Some ''poskim'' write, that even according to Rabbenu Tam, in areas of a lower latitude where three medium-sized stars are visible earlier, ''tzet hakochavim'' would be at the time when the stars are visible.<ref>Minchas Kohen 2:5 ''s.v.'' ''she'im'', Biur Halacha 261:2 ''s.v. kodem'' and Igros Moshe O.C. IV:62 agree. Rav Moshe writes that in New York the time for ''tzet'' according to Rabbenu Tam is 50 minutes after ''shkiya''; however, he writes that it is proper for G-d fearing Jews to wait 72 minutes to end Shabbat, as was the custom in Europe. See Hazmanim B'halacha Chap. 42 for a complete discussion.</ref> | ||
#One must ''daven mincha'' during the daytime. Since ''bein hashmashot'' begins at sunset according to the ''geonim'', one should ''daven mincha'' before sunset. After the fact, opinions differ regarding how late one can still ''daven'', and at what point should instead say [[Tashlumin|''tashlumin'']] at [[Maariv|''maariv'']].<ref>Rav Nevinsal on Mishna Brurah 233:14 writes that someone who doesn't always follow Rabbenu Tam on ending Shabbat can not daven mincha after sunset even after the fact. Also, Avnei Darech 8:200 quotes Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach as holding that one may not daven mincha after sunset. [http://www.eretzhemdah.org/newsletterArticle.asp?lang=he&pageid=48&cat=1&newsletter=3705&article=7631 Bmarah Habazek 3:14] writes that one shouldn't daven after sunset and just daven tashlumin. [https://www.yeshiva.co/ask/58222 Rav Belsky] held that it is possible to daven up to 9 minutes after sunset based on Rav Moshe. See Igrot Moshe 1:24 who writes that one shouldn't pray mincha after sunset. See further Igrot Moshe 4:62. Piskei Teshuvot 233:8 writes that the Minhag in Eretz Yisrael is that one may lenient to Daven mincha during Bein Hashmashot (according to the opinion of the Ge'onim) which is up to 13 and one half minutes after shkia'ah.</ref> | #One must ''daven mincha'' during the daytime. Since ''bein hashmashot'' begins at sunset according to the ''geonim'', one should ''daven mincha'' before sunset. After the fact, opinions differ regarding how late one can still ''daven'', and at what point should instead say [[Tashlumin|''tashlumin'']] at [[Maariv|''maariv'']]. Factors that come into consideration include whether or not one can rely on Rabbenu Tam after the fact, and whether or not one may ''daven'' during ''bein hashmashot'', as it may still be day.<ref>Rav Nevinsal on Mishna Brurah 233:14 writes that someone who doesn't always follow Rabbenu Tam on ending Shabbat can not daven mincha after sunset even after the fact. Also, Avnei Darech 8:200 quotes Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach as holding that one may not daven mincha after sunset. [http://www.eretzhemdah.org/newsletterArticle.asp?lang=he&pageid=48&cat=1&newsletter=3705&article=7631 Bmarah Habazek 3:14] writes that one shouldn't daven after sunset and just daven tashlumin. [https://www.yeshiva.co/ask/58222 Rav Belsky] held that it is possible to daven up to 9 minutes after sunset based on Rav Moshe. See Igrot Moshe 1:24 who writes that one shouldn't pray mincha after sunset. See further Igrot Moshe 4:62. Piskei Teshuvot 233:8 writes that the Minhag in Eretz Yisrael is that one may lenient to Daven mincha during Bein Hashmashot (according to the opinion of the Ge'onim) which is up to 13 and one half minutes after shkia'ah.</ref> | ||
#Many Chassidim maintain that it is optimal to ''daven'' ''mincha'' up until the ''bein hashmashot'' of Rabbenu Tam, which is 58.5 minutes after ''shkiya''. There are some who hold that it is even optimal to ''daven'' during ''bein hashmashot'' of Rabbenu Tam.<ref>For a discussion on this see Piskei Teshuva 233:6-8.</ref> | #Many Chassidim maintain that it is optimal to ''daven'' ''mincha'' up until the ''bein hashmashot'' of Rabbenu Tam, which is 58.5 minutes after ''shkiya''. There are some who hold that it is even optimal to ''daven'' during ''bein hashmashot'' of Rabbenu Tam.<ref>For a discussion on this see Piskei Teshuva 233:6-8.</ref> | ||
#If one's only options are to either to ''daven'' ''mincha'' before sunset himself or to ''daven'' with a ''minyan'' after sunset, it will depend on if he is Ashkenazi or Sephardi. Ashkenazim hold that one should ''daven'' oneself on time before sunset,<ref>Mishna Brurah 233:14 writes that it is better to pray Mincha before shkiyah without a minyan than to pray with a minyan after shkiyah. In an extenuating circumstance he allows davening mincha until 3.25 mil after shekiya based on the Shulchan Aruch. [https://ph.yhb.org.il/02-24-04/#_te01ftn24_3 Peninei Halacha (Tefillah 24:4)] holds that one can follow the Mishna Brurah who is based on Rabbenu Tam and even though we do not follow Rabbenu Tam since many agree with him. However, Kuntres Seyda Lderech p. 39 quotes Chazon Ish that one should not daven mincha after sunset even in extenuating circumstances or after the fact. Dirshu 233:22 cites this as well from Ishrei Yosher (Nezikin n. 94). Rav Nevinsal on Mishna Brurah 233:14 writes that someone who doesn't always follow Rabbenu Tam on ending Shabbat can not daven mincha after sunset even after the fact. Also, Avnei Darech 8:200 quotes Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach as holding that one may not daven mincha after sunset. [http://www.eretzhemdah.org/newsletterArticle.asp?lang=he&pageid=48&cat=1&newsletter=3705&article=7631 Bmarah Habazek 3:14] writes that one shouldn't daven after sunset and just daven tashlumin. [https://www.yeshiva.co/ask/58222 Rav Belsky] held that it is possible to daven up to 9 minutes after sunset based on Rav Moshe. See Igrot Moshe 1:24 who writes that one shouldn't pray mincha after sunset. See further Igrot Moshe 4:62.</ref> while Sephardim hold that one can wait to ''daven'' with the ''minyan'' as long as it is within 13.5 minutes after sunset.<ref> Chacham Ben Zion Abba Shaul (cited in Ishei Yisroel page 296) and Chacham Ovadia Yosef (Yechave Daat 5:22) write that it is preferable to pray with a minyan as long as they are praying within the first thirteen and a half minutes after sunset. Rabbi Meir Mazuz in Bayit Neeman 1:25 p. 146 s.v. miyhu agrees even though we don't accept Rabbeinu Tam since this case is an minhag to pray during Ben Hashemashot. Yalkut Yosef 233:3 and Halacha Brurah 233:6 agree. </ref> | #If one's only options are to either to ''daven'' ''mincha'' before sunset himself or to ''daven'' with a ''minyan'' after sunset, it will depend on if he is Ashkenazi or Sephardi. Ashkenazim hold that one should ''daven'' oneself on time before sunset,<ref>Mishna Brurah 233:14 writes that it is better to pray Mincha before shkiyah without a minyan than to pray with a minyan after shkiyah. In an extenuating circumstance he allows davening mincha until 3.25 mil after shekiya based on the Shulchan Aruch. [https://ph.yhb.org.il/02-24-04/#_te01ftn24_3 Peninei Halacha (Tefillah 24:4)] holds that one can follow the Mishna Brurah who is based on Rabbenu Tam and even though we do not follow Rabbenu Tam since many agree with him. However, Kuntres Seyda Lderech p. 39 quotes Chazon Ish that one should not daven mincha after sunset even in extenuating circumstances or after the fact. Dirshu 233:22 cites this as well from Ishrei Yosher (Nezikin n. 94). Rav Nevinsal on Mishna Brurah 233:14 writes that someone who doesn't always follow Rabbenu Tam on ending Shabbat can not daven mincha after sunset even after the fact. Also, Avnei Darech 8:200 quotes Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach as holding that one may not daven mincha after sunset. [http://www.eretzhemdah.org/newsletterArticle.asp?lang=he&pageid=48&cat=1&newsletter=3705&article=7631 Bmarah Habazek 3:14] writes that one shouldn't daven after sunset and just daven tashlumin. [https://www.yeshiva.co/ask/58222 Rav Belsky] held that it is possible to daven up to 9 minutes after sunset based on Rav Moshe. See Igrot Moshe 1:24 who writes that one shouldn't pray mincha after sunset. See further Igrot Moshe 4:62.</ref> while Sephardim hold that one can wait to ''daven'' with the ''minyan'' as long as it is within 13.5 minutes after sunset.<ref> Chacham Ben Zion Abba Shaul (cited in Ishei Yisroel page 296) and Chacham Ovadia Yosef (Yechave Daat 5:22) write that it is preferable to pray with a minyan as long as they are praying within the first thirteen and a half minutes after sunset. Rabbi Meir Mazuz in Bayit Neeman 1:25 p. 146 s.v. miyhu agrees even though we don't accept Rabbeinu Tam since this case is an minhag to pray during Ben Hashemashot. Yalkut Yosef 233:3 and Halacha Brurah 233:6 agree. </ref> | ||
