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When Is the Earliest and Latest Time to Pray?: Difference between revisions
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When Is the Earliest and Latest Time to Pray? (view source)
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, 11 July→When it is Ideal to Daven Mincha Gedola
(→Latest Time for Shacharit: Can we leave out shaaos zmanios and leave them for the zmanim page? See Hazmanim Bhalacha Chap 12 that this is subject to a big debate.) |
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#In many yeshivos the minhag is to ''daven'' ''mincha gedola'' to avoid breaking up a ''seder,'' a fixed section of learning.<ref>Piskei Teshuvot 233:2. [https://www.torahanytime.com/#/lectures?v=74381 Rav Yitzchak Yosef (Motzei Shabbat Shemot 5779 approx min 30)] explained that his father used to say mincha only after mincha ketana but later said it at mincha gedola. He recommended it for a yeshiva setting. He also explained that the Rif and Rosh hold that it is permitted even initially to say mincha at mincha gedola.</ref> | #In many yeshivos the minhag is to ''daven'' ''mincha gedola'' to avoid breaking up a ''seder,'' a fixed section of learning.<ref>Piskei Teshuvot 233:2. [https://www.torahanytime.com/#/lectures?v=74381 Rav Yitzchak Yosef (Motzei Shabbat Shemot 5779 approx min 30)] explained that his father used to say mincha only after mincha ketana but later said it at mincha gedola. He recommended it for a yeshiva setting. He also explained that the Rif and Rosh hold that it is permitted even initially to say mincha at mincha gedola.</ref> | ||
#If one needs to travel or have a meal (which is forbidden before | #If one needs to travel or have a meal (which is forbidden before ''davening'' once the time for [[Mincha|''mincha'']] arrives), one can ''daven'' from after six and a half hours. <ref>Mishna Brurah 233:1 writes that if one needs to travel, have a meal, or one will only be able to make a [[minyan]] for [[Mincha]] earlier, then one can pray from after six and a half hours. Kaf HaChaim 233:1 also writes that there are those who are lenient to pray early if there is a need. Yalkut Yosef ([[Brachot]] page 637) and Halichot Olam (vol 1 pg 253) writes that it is preferable to pray after six and a half hours in order to avoid having a meal before praying [[Mincha]] (after the time for [[Mincha]] has arrived). </ref> | ||
#If one will only be able to make a [[minyan|''minyan'']] for ''[[mincha]] gedola'' (after six and a half hours) and one will not make a [[minyan|''minyan'']] for ''mincha ketana'' (after nine and a half hours), it is preferable to ''daven'' with a [[minyan|''minyan'']] after six and a half hours. <ref>Mishna Brurah 233:1, Yalkut Yosef ([[Brachot]] pg 639). [https://www.torahanytime.com/#/lectures?v=74381 Rav Yitzchak Yosef (Motzei Shabbat Shemot 5779 min 43)] said that although the Shoel Vnishal held that it is better to daven by oneself than to daven at mincha gedola the halacha doesn't follow that opinion.</ref> | #If one will only be able to make a [[minyan|''minyan'']] for ''[[mincha]] gedola'' (after six and a half hours) and one will not make a [[minyan|''minyan'']] for ''mincha ketana'' (after nine and a half hours), it is preferable to ''daven'' with a [[minyan|''minyan'']] after six and a half hours. <ref>Mishna Brurah 233:1, Yalkut Yosef ([[Brachot]] pg 639). [https://www.torahanytime.com/#/lectures?v=74381 Rav Yitzchak Yosef (Motzei Shabbat Shemot 5779 min 43)] said that although the Shoel Vnishal held that it is better to daven by oneself than to daven at mincha gedola the halacha doesn't follow that opinion.</ref> | ||
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====After Sunset==== | ====After Sunset==== | ||
#Certainly, one should ''daven'' ''mincha'' before sunset. After the fact, opinions differ regarding how late one can still | #Certainly, one should ''daven'' ''mincha'' before sunset. After the fact, opinions differ regarding how late one can still ''daven'', and at what point should instead say [[Tashlumin|''tashlumin'']] at [[Maariv|''maariv'']].<ref>Rav Nevinsal on Mishna Brurah 233:14 writes that someone who doesn't always follow Rabbenu Tam on ending Shabbat can not daven mincha after sunset even after the fact. Also, Avnei Darech 8:200 quotes Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach as holding that one may not daven mincha after sunset. [http://www.eretzhemdah.org/newsletterArticle.asp?lang=he&pageid=48&cat=1&newsletter=3705&article=7631 Bmarah Habazek 3:14] writes that one shouldn't daven after sunset and just daven tashlumin. [https://www.yeshiva.co/ask/58222 Rav Belsky] held that it is possible to daven up to 9 minutes after sunset based on Rav Moshe. See Igrot Moshe 1:24 who writes that one shouldn't pray mincha after sunset. See further Igrot Moshe 4:62. Piskei Teshuvot 233:8 writes that the Minhag in Eretz Yisrael is that one may lenient to Daven mincha during Bein Hashmashot (according to the opinion of the Ge'onim) which is up to 13 and one half minutes after shkia'ah.</ref> | ||
#If one's only options are to either to ''daven'' ''mincha'' before sunset himself or to | #If one's only options are to either to ''daven'' ''mincha'' before sunset himself or to ''daven'' with a ''minyan'' after sunset, it will depend on if he is Ashkenazi or Sephardi. Ashkenazim hold that one should ''daven'' oneself on time before sunset,<ref>Mishna Brurah 233:14 writes that it is better to pray Mincha before shkiyah without a minyan than to pray with a minyan after shkiyah. In an extenuating circumstance he allows davening mincha until 3.25 mil after shekiya based on the Shulchan Aruch. [https://ph.yhb.org.il/02-24-04/#_te01ftn24_3 Peninei Halacha (Tefillah 24:4)] holds that one can follow the Mishna Brurah who is based on Rabbenu Tam and even though we do not follow Rabbenu Tam since many agree with him. However, Kuntres Seyda Lderech p. 39 quotes Chazon Ish that one should not daven mincha after sunset even in extenuating circumstances or after the fact. Dirshu 233:22 cites this as well from Ishrei Yosher (Nezikin n. 94). Rav Nevinsal on Mishna Brurah 233:14 writes that someone who doesn't always follow Rabbenu Tam on ending Shabbat can not daven mincha after sunset even after the fact. Also, Avnei Darech 8:200 quotes Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach as holding that one may not daven mincha after sunset. [http://www.eretzhemdah.org/newsletterArticle.asp?lang=he&pageid=48&cat=1&newsletter=3705&article=7631 Bmarah Habazek 3:14] writes that one shouldn't daven after sunset and just daven tashlumin. [https://www.yeshiva.co/ask/58222 Rav Belsky] held that it is possible to daven up to 9 minutes after sunset based on Rav Moshe. See Igrot Moshe 1:24 who writes that one shouldn't pray mincha after sunset. See further Igrot Moshe 4:62.</ref> while Sephardim hold that one can wait to ''daven'' with the ''minyan'' as long as it is within 13.5 minutes after sunset.<ref> Chacham Ben Zion Abba Shaul (cited in Ishei Yisroel page 296) and Chacham Ovadia Yosef (Yechave Daat 5:22) write that it is preferable to pray with a minyan as long as they are praying within the first thirteen and a half minutes after sunset. Rabbi Meir Mazuz in Bayit Neeman 1:25 p. 146 s.v. miyhu agrees even though we don't accept Rabbeinu Tam since this case is an minhag to pray during Ben Hashemashot. Yalkut Yosef 233:3 and Halacha Brurah 233:6 agree. </ref> | ||
====Finishing After Sunset==== | ====Finishing After Sunset==== | ||
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</ref> In extenuating circumstances, one may ''daven arvit'' before sunset if on that day he ''davened mincha'' before ''plag hamincha''. Although he usually follows the Rabbanan, it is considered as if on that day he followed Rabbi Yehuda.<ref>The Rabbenu Yonah (18b s.v. DeAved) writes that one should always follow Rabbanan (which was the minhag of his time and place) but nonetheless, after the fact if one prayed [[Arvit]] after Plag [[Mincha]] one has fulfilled one’s obligation. This is quoted in Bet Yosef 233:1 and codified in Shulchan Aruch O.C. 233:1. The Shulchan Aruch 233:1 rules that in extenuating circumstances one may pray [[Arvit]] before nighttime even though one always follows Rabbanan. Mishna Brurah 233:11 writes that this is only permissible if that day itself one already prayed [[Mincha]] prior to ten and three quarter hours.</ref> | </ref> In extenuating circumstances, one may ''daven arvit'' before sunset if on that day he ''davened mincha'' before ''plag hamincha''. Although he usually follows the Rabbanan, it is considered as if on that day he followed Rabbi Yehuda.<ref>The Rabbenu Yonah (18b s.v. DeAved) writes that one should always follow Rabbanan (which was the minhag of his time and place) but nonetheless, after the fact if one prayed [[Arvit]] after Plag [[Mincha]] one has fulfilled one’s obligation. This is quoted in Bet Yosef 233:1 and codified in Shulchan Aruch O.C. 233:1. The Shulchan Aruch 233:1 rules that in extenuating circumstances one may pray [[Arvit]] before nighttime even though one always follows Rabbanan. Mishna Brurah 233:11 writes that this is only permissible if that day itself one already prayed [[Mincha]] prior to ten and three quarter hours.</ref> | ||
#If the only minyan for ''arvit'' ''davens'' before sunset, after ''plag hamincha,'' one should daven with them<ref>The Biur Halacha 235:1 cites the Gra who held that it is better to daven privately on time rather than daven with the congregation early. However, in Shaar Hatziyun 235:16 he quotes the Derech Hachayim that if one prayed mincha before plag and the only option is to daven after plag maariv with a minyan or after tzeit without a minyan, it is better to daven with a minyan after plag. If he didn't daven ''mincha'' until after ''plag'', it is better to ''daven maariv'' oneself than to daven in a minyan before sunset and contradict oneself within one day.</ref> and repeat ''shema'' after ''tzet hakochavim''. Some say to skip ''birchot kriyat shema'' and recite them after ''tzet hakochavim'' with ''shema''.<ref>Rabbenu Yonah Brachot 1b writes that if the congregation is davening before the time for Shema one should daven with them even though he won't fulfill his obligation of ''shema'' and will have to repeat it later. He then quotes Rav Hai Goan who says that one should only say ''shema'' with them without kavana to fulfill one's obligation but skip birchot kriyat shema. The Shulchan Aruch OC 235:1 rules like the Rabbenu Yonah but the Mishna Brurah 235:12 mentions the practice of the Rav Hai Goan. Rav Moshe Feinstein in Igrot Moshe OC 2:60 agrees that one can follow either opinion whether to daven everything or just Shema without kavana and Shemona Esrei and then say Shema with Kriyat Shema with Brachot afterwards. He writes that one shouldn't follow the Gra unless one always does according to his opinion.</ref> | #If the only minyan for ''arvit'' ''davens'' before sunset, after ''plag hamincha,'' one should daven with them<ref>The Biur Halacha 235:1 cites the Gra who held that it is better to daven privately on time rather than daven with the congregation early. However, in Shaar Hatziyun 235:16 he quotes the Derech Hachayim that if one prayed mincha before plag and the only option is to daven after plag maariv with a minyan or after tzeit without a minyan, it is better to daven with a minyan after plag. If he didn't daven ''mincha'' until after ''plag'', it is better to ''daven maariv'' oneself than to daven in a minyan before sunset and contradict oneself within one day.</ref> and repeat ''shema'' after ''tzet hakochavim''. Some say to skip ''birchot kriyat shema'' and recite them after ''tzet hakochavim'' with ''shema''.<ref>Rabbenu Yonah Brachot 1b writes that if the congregation is davening before the time for Shema one should daven with them even though he won't fulfill his obligation of ''shema'' and will have to repeat it later. He then quotes Rav Hai Goan who says that one should only say ''shema'' with them without kavana to fulfill one's obligation but skip birchot kriyat shema. The Shulchan Aruch OC 235:1 rules like the Rabbenu Yonah but the Mishna Brurah 235:12 mentions the practice of the Rav Hai Goan. Rav Moshe Feinstein in Igrot Moshe OC 2:60 agrees that one can follow either opinion whether to daven everything or just Shema without kavana and Shemona Esrei and then say Shema with Kriyat Shema with Brachot afterwards. He writes that one shouldn't follow the Gra unless one always does according to his opinion.</ref> | ||
# Many say that for Sephardim ''plag'' is 1.25 hours before ''tzet hakochavim'' of the ''geonim -'' which is 13.5 minutes after ''shekiya.'' They should not follow the ''plag'' of the Gra; 1.25 hours before sunset.<ref>Yalkut Yosef (Shabbat v. 1 p. 168 263 fnt. 62; 235:1; 267:12) and Ben Ish Chai Vayahakel n. 8. In all of those places the calculation of Plag is made from Tzet according to the Geonim. Thereby, the Sephardi Plag Mincha is generally between 10 and 20 minutes after the Gra plag. Yalkut Yosef (Shabbat 1-3, 5771 edition, pp. 143-146) writes that a person can pray arvit as early as plag mincha. However, he defines plag hamincha as 1.25 hours before tzet hakochavim of the geonim. The hours are calculated from olot to tzet of the geonim. He addresses that for kriyat shema in extenuating circumstances it is acceptable to rely upon the Gra zmanim, but not for the brachot of avrit because of safek brachot lhakel. Also, one can't light Shabbat candles before 1.25 hours before tzet of geonim. He rebuts an attack that we must follow the Gra zmanim since we light candles before plag of Rabbenu Tam. He answers that we follow the plag of the Ben Ish Chai which is 1.25 hours before tzet of the geonim but not the Gra's plag. on p. 144 he writes that it is a bracha levatala to pray avrit after plag of the Gra. | # Many say, that for Sephardim, ''plag'' is 1.25 hours before ''tzet hakochavim'' of the ''geonim -'' which is 13.5 minutes after ''shekiya.'' They should not follow the ''plag'' of the Gra; 1.25 hours before sunset.<ref>Yalkut Yosef (Shabbat v. 1 p. 168 263 fnt. 62; 235:1; 267:12) and Ben Ish Chai Vayahakel n. 8. In all of those places the calculation of Plag is made from Tzet according to the Geonim. Thereby, the Sephardi Plag Mincha is generally between 10 and 20 minutes after the Gra plag. Yalkut Yosef (Shabbat 1-3, 5771 edition, pp. 143-146) writes that a person can pray arvit as early as plag mincha. However, he defines plag hamincha as 1.25 hours before tzet hakochavim of the geonim. The hours are calculated from olot to tzet of the geonim. He addresses that for kriyat shema in extenuating circumstances it is acceptable to rely upon the Gra zmanim, but not for the brachot of avrit because of safek brachot lhakel. Also, one can't light Shabbat candles before 1.25 hours before tzet of geonim. He rebuts an attack that we must follow the Gra zmanim since we light candles before plag of Rabbenu Tam. He answers that we follow the plag of the Ben Ish Chai which is 1.25 hours before tzet of the geonim but not the Gra's plag. on p. 144 he writes that it is a bracha levatala to pray avrit after plag of the Gra. | ||
*See also [https://www.torahanytime.com/#/lectures?v=81670 Rav Yitzchak Yosef (Motzei Shabbat Pesach 5779 min 37)] who said that the schedules which print plag mincha 1.25 hours before shekiya (Gra) are causing Sephardim to say brachot levatalot when they daven arvit right after plag. Rather they need to daven after plag which is 1.25 hours before tzet. Tzet is only 20 minutes (13.5 zmaniyot minutes) so our plag is less than 20 minutes after their plag but starting arvit before then is a bracha levatala for Sephardim. They should print the plag according to Sephardim. | *See also [https://www.torahanytime.com/#/lectures?v=81670 Rav Yitzchak Yosef (Motzei Shabbat Pesach 5779 min 37)] who said that the schedules which print plag mincha 1.25 hours before shekiya (Gra) are causing Sephardim to say brachot levatalot when they daven arvit right after plag. Rather they need to daven after plag which is 1.25 hours before tzet. Tzet is only 20 minutes (13.5 zmaniyot minutes) so our plag is less than 20 minutes after their plag but starting arvit before then is a bracha levatala for Sephardim. They should print the plag according to Sephardim. | ||
*See also [https://www.torahanytime.com/#/lectures?v=55391 Rav Yitzchak Yosef (Motzei Shabbat Bo 5778 min 25)] who said that it is a bracha levatala to daven Arvit after Plag of the Gra according to Rabbenu Tam and we are strict for Rabbenu Tam. | *See also [https://www.torahanytime.com/#/lectures?v=55391 Rav Yitzchak Yosef (Motzei Shabbat Bo 5778 min 25)] who said that it is a bracha levatala to daven Arvit after Plag of the Gra according to Rabbenu Tam and we are strict for Rabbenu Tam. | ||
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#An individual may not ''daven mincha'' after ''plag hamincha'' and ''arvit'' before sunset on the same day.<ref>Shulchan Aruch 233:1, Mishna Brurah 233:11</ref> | #An individual may not ''daven mincha'' after ''plag hamincha'' and ''arvit'' before sunset on the same day.<ref>Shulchan Aruch 233:1, Mishna Brurah 233:11</ref> | ||
#A [[minyan|''minyan'']] may be lenient to ''daven'' both [[Mincha|''mincha'']] and [[Arvit|''arvit'']] between ''plag hamincha'' and sunset, even though it is a self-contradictory practice following both Rabbanan and Rabbi Yehuda.<ref>Mishna Brurah 233:11 writes that in a minyan where there is an excessive effort to get everyone back to shul for [[maariv]] (and people cannot wait in shul), it is permissible for a [[minyan]] to say [[maariv]] right after [[Mincha]] (between Plag [[Mincha]] and nighttime). Shulchan Aruch 233:1 says the minhag is like Rabbanan and Rama 233:1 says the minhag is like Rabbi Yehuda. Nowadays, Piskei Teshuvot 233:4 writes that the Ashkenazic minhag is also like Rabbanan. </ref> If the only ''minyan'' available is such a ''minyan,'' an individual should not join them for both ''mincha'' and ''maariv''.<ref>Mishna Brurah 235:14</ref> If one is needed to complete the minyan they may join. | #A [[minyan|''minyan'']] may be lenient to ''daven'' both [[Mincha|''mincha'']] and [[Arvit|''arvit'']] between ''plag hamincha'' and sunset, even though it is a self-contradictory practice following both Rabbanan and Rabbi Yehuda.<ref>Mishna Brurah 233:11 writes that in a minyan where there is an excessive effort to get everyone back to shul for [[maariv]] (and people cannot wait in shul), it is permissible for a [[minyan]] to say [[maariv]] right after [[Mincha]] (between Plag [[Mincha]] and nighttime). Shulchan Aruch 233:1 says the minhag is like Rabbanan and Rama 233:1 says the minhag is like Rabbi Yehuda. Nowadays, Piskei Teshuvot 233:4 writes that the Ashkenazic minhag is also like Rabbanan. </ref> If the only ''minyan'' available is such a ''minyan,'' an individual should not join them for both ''mincha'' and ''maariv''.<ref>Mishna Brurah 235:14</ref> If one is needed to complete the ''minyan'' they may join. | ||
===Maariv After Sunset Before Tzet=== | ===Maariv After Sunset Before Tzet=== | ||
