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When Is the Earliest and Latest Time to Pray?: Difference between revisions
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When Is the Earliest and Latest Time to Pray? (view source)
Revision as of 13:34, 9 July 2024
, 9 July→Arvit Before Sunset If One Davened Mincha after Plag: Since the zman of maariv according to the Rabbanan is tzeit. It would follow that this halacha hinges on tzeit
(→Early Maariv on Friday Night: What does the second half of footnote 68 have to do with the text?) |
(→Arvit Before Sunset If One Davened Mincha after Plag: Since the zman of maariv according to the Rabbanan is tzeit. It would follow that this halacha hinges on tzeit) |
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#One who ''davened'' ''arvit'' prior to ten- and three-quarter hours has not fulfilled his obligation and must ''daven'' again.<ref>Mishna Brurah 233:10, Kaf HaChaim 233:11 as is implied by Shulchan Aruch 233:1 </ref> | #One who ''davened'' ''arvit'' prior to ten- and three-quarter hours has not fulfilled his obligation and must ''daven'' again.<ref>Mishna Brurah 233:10, Kaf HaChaim 233:11 as is implied by Shulchan Aruch 233:1 </ref> | ||
#One who means to ''daven arvit'' after '' | #One who means to ''daven arvit'' after ''tzeit hakochavim'' but mistakenly ''davened'' before, must ''daven'' again at the proper time.<ref>Gemara Brachot 27b writes that on Friday afternoon someone who made a mistake and said [[Arvit]] early thinking it was nighttime according to Abaye he would have to pray again. The Rabbenu Yonah 18b s.v. Rav explains that since one made a mistake and did not intend to pray [[Arvit]] early one does not fulfill one’s obligation. The Magen Avraham 263:26 and Mishna Brurah 263:55 agree that this halacha applies equally to a weeknight as to Friday night. </ref> | ||
===Arvit Before Sunset If One Davened Mincha Early=== | ===Arvit Before Sunset If One Davened Mincha Early=== | ||
#According to Rabbi Yehuda, the latest time for ''mincha'' is ten- and three-quarter hours. From then on begins the time for ''arvit''. According to Rabbanan, the cutoff point is | #According to Rabbi Yehuda, the latest time for ''mincha'' is ten- and three-quarter hours. From then on begins the time for ''arvit''. According to Rabbanan, the cutoff point is nightfall. Thus, according to the Rabbanan the time of ''mincha'' ends at ''shkiya'', which is the end of the day and the beginning of ''bein hashmashot''; and the earliest time for ''arvit'' is ''tzeit hakochavim'' - which is the end of ''bein hashmashot'' and the beginning of the night.<ref>The Mishna ([[Brachot]] 26a) writes that according to Rabbi Yehuda one must pray [[Mincha]] prior to ten and three quarter hours while according to Rabbanan [[Mincha]] may be said until nighttime. Tosfot Brachot 27a s.v. Ta Shma writes that according to Rabbi Yehuda the earliest time to say ''arvit'' is ten- and three-quarter hours while according to Rabbanan the earliest time is nighttime. [This is also evident in the Gemara there (27a-b) and the upcoming Rishonim. The Maharsha (27a s.v. Tah Shma) asks why Tosfot needed to prove something which was so obvious from the Gemara.] </ref> Halacha allows one to follow either opinion, however, one must be consistent and always follow the same opinion. <ref>The Gemara (27a) writes that since there is no explicit ruling as to whom the halacha follows, one who follows Rabbi Yehuda has done properly and one who follows Rabbanan is correct too. Rabbeinu Yonah ([[Brachot]] 18b s.v. DeAved) writes that one must consistently follow the same opinion. This is also opinion of the Rosh ([[Brachot]] 4:3) quoting a Gaon. Additionally, the Kesef Mishna ([[Tefillah]] 3:4) says that this is implicit in the Rambam and furthermore that it is the simple explanation of the words of the Gemara. Tur and Shulchan Aruch 233:1 codify the opinion of Rabbeinu Yonah. </ref> | ||
#The general ''minhag'' is to ''daven mincha'' until sunset. Accordingly, one may only begin to ''daven arvit'' after sunset. In extenuating circumstances, one may ''daven arvit'' before sunset if on that day he ''davened mincha'' before ''plag hamincha''. Although he usually follows the Rabbanan, it is considered as if on that day he followed Rabbi Yehuda.<ref>The Rabbenu Yonah (18b s.v. DeAved) writes that one should always follow Rabbanan (which was the minhag of his time and place) but nonetheless, after the fact if one prayed [[Arvit]] after Plag [[Mincha]] one has fulfilled one’s obligation. This is quoted in Bet Yosef 233:1 and codified in Shulchan Aruch O.C. 233:1. The Shulchan Aruch 233:1 rules that in extenuating circumstances one may pray [[Arvit]] before nighttime even though one always follows Rabbanan. Mishna Brurah 233:11 writes that this is only permissible if that day itself one already prayed [[Mincha]] prior to ten and three quarter hours.</ref> | #The general ''minhag'' is to ''daven mincha'' until sunset. Accordingly, one may only begin to ''daven arvit'' after sunset. In extenuating circumstances, one may ''daven arvit'' before sunset if on that day he ''davened mincha'' before ''plag hamincha''. Although he usually follows the Rabbanan, it is considered as if on that day he followed Rabbi Yehuda.<ref>The Rabbenu Yonah (18b s.v. DeAved) writes that one should always follow Rabbanan (which was the minhag of his time and place) but nonetheless, after the fact if one prayed [[Arvit]] after Plag [[Mincha]] one has fulfilled one’s obligation. This is quoted in Bet Yosef 233:1 and codified in Shulchan Aruch O.C. 233:1. The Shulchan Aruch 233:1 rules that in extenuating circumstances one may pray [[Arvit]] before nighttime even though one always follows Rabbanan. Mishna Brurah 233:11 writes that this is only permissible if that day itself one already prayed [[Mincha]] prior to ten and three quarter hours.</ref> | ||
#If the only minyan for ''arvit'' ''davens'' before sunset, after ''plag hamincha,'' one should daven with them<ref>The Biur Halacha 235:1 cites the Gra who held that it is better to daven privately on time rather than daven with the congregation early. However, in Shaar Hatziyun 235:16 he quotes the Derech Hachayim that if one prayed mincha before plag and the only option is to daven after plag maariv with a minyan or after tzeit without a minyan, it is better to daven with a minyan after plag. If he didn't daven ''mincha'' until after ''plag'', it is better to ''daven maariv'' oneself than to daven in a minyan before sunset and contradict oneself within one day.</ref> and repeat ''shema'' after ''tzet hakochavim''. Some would say to skip ''birchot kriyat shema'' and recite them after ''tzet hakochavim'' with ''shema''.<ref>Rabbenu Yonah Brachot 1b writes that if the congregation is davening before the time for Shema one should daven with them even though he won't fulfill his obligation of ''shema'' and will have to repeat it later. He then quotes Rav Hai Goan who says that one should only say ''shema'' with them without kavana to fulfill one's obligation but skip birchot kriyat shema. The Shulchan Aruch OC 235:1 rules like the Rabbenu Yonah but the Mishna Brurah 235:12 mentions the practice of the Rav Hai Goan. Rav Moshe Feinstein in Igrot Moshe OC 2:60 agrees that one can follow either opinion whether to daven everything or just Shema without kavana and Shemona Esrei and then say Shema with Kriyat Shema with Brachot afterwards. He writes that one shouldn't follow the Gra unless one always does according to his opinion.</ref> | #If the only minyan for ''arvit'' ''davens'' before sunset, after ''plag hamincha,'' one should daven with them<ref>The Biur Halacha 235:1 cites the Gra who held that it is better to daven privately on time rather than daven with the congregation early. However, in Shaar Hatziyun 235:16 he quotes the Derech Hachayim that if one prayed mincha before plag and the only option is to daven after plag maariv with a minyan or after tzeit without a minyan, it is better to daven with a minyan after plag. If he didn't daven ''mincha'' until after ''plag'', it is better to ''daven maariv'' oneself than to daven in a minyan before sunset and contradict oneself within one day.</ref> and repeat ''shema'' after ''tzet hakochavim''. Some would say to skip ''birchot kriyat shema'' and recite them after ''tzet hakochavim'' with ''shema''.<ref>Rabbenu Yonah Brachot 1b writes that if the congregation is davening before the time for Shema one should daven with them even though he won't fulfill his obligation of ''shema'' and will have to repeat it later. He then quotes Rav Hai Goan who says that one should only say ''shema'' with them without kavana to fulfill one's obligation but skip birchot kriyat shema. The Shulchan Aruch OC 235:1 rules like the Rabbenu Yonah but the Mishna Brurah 235:12 mentions the practice of the Rav Hai Goan. Rav Moshe Feinstein in Igrot Moshe OC 2:60 agrees that one can follow either opinion whether to daven everything or just Shema without kavana and Shemona Esrei and then say Shema with Kriyat Shema with Brachot afterwards. He writes that one shouldn't follow the Gra unless one always does according to his opinion.</ref> | ||
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#An individual may not ''daven mincha'' after ''plag hamincha'' and ''arvit'' before sunset on the same day.<ref>Shulchan Aruch 233:1, Mishna Brurah 233:11</ref> | #An individual may not ''daven mincha'' after ''plag hamincha'' and ''arvit'' before sunset on the same day.<ref>Shulchan Aruch 233:1, Mishna Brurah 233:11</ref> | ||
#A [[minyan]] may be lenient to | #A [[minyan|''minyan'']] may be lenient to ''daven'' both [[Mincha|''mincha'']] and [[Arvit|''arvit'']] between ''plag hamincha'' and sunset, even though it is a self-contradictory practice following both Rabbanan and Rabbi Yehuda.<ref>Mishna Brurah 233:11 writes that in a minyan where there is an excessive effort to get everyone back to shul for [[maariv]] (and people cannot wait in shul), it is permissible for a [[minyan]] to say [[maariv]] right after [[Mincha]] (between Plag [[Mincha]] and nighttime). Shulchan Aruch 233:1 says the minhag is like Rabbanan and Rama 233:1 says the minhag is like Rabbi Yehuda. Nowadays, Piskei Teshuvot 233:4 writes that the Ashkenazic minhag is also like Rabbanan. </ref> If the only minyan available is such a minyan an individual shouldn't join such a minyan for both mincha and maariv, but only for one of them.<ref>Mishna Brurah 235:14</ref> If they need you to complete the minyan you can join them. | ||
===Maariv After Sunset Before Tzet=== | ===Maariv After Sunset Before Tzet=== | ||
