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When Is the Earliest and Latest Time to Pray?: Difference between revisions
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When Is the Earliest and Latest Time to Pray? (view source)
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===Latest Time=== | ===Latest Time=== | ||
#The latest time to say [[Shmoneh Esrei|''shemoneh esrei'']] of [[Shacharit|''shacharit'']] is the end of the fourth hour (in [[Shaot Zmaniot]]). <ref>The Mishna (Brachot 26a) writes that the latest time [[Shacharit]] could be said according to Rabbi Yehuda is the fourth hour and according to the Rabbis is the sixth hour. The Gemara (27a) writes that we hold like Rabbi Yehuda because there is a Mishna in Ediyot that supports Rabbi Yehuda. This is codified by the Rif 18a, Rosh 4:1, and Rambam ([[Tefillah]] 3:1). The halacha is brought in Tur and Shulchan Aruch 89:1 </ref> | #The latest time to say [[Shmoneh Esrei|''shemoneh esrei'']] of [[Shacharit|''shacharit'']] is the end of the fourth hour (in [[Shaot Zmaniot|''shaot zmaniot'']]). <ref>The Mishna (Brachot 26a) writes that the latest time [[Shacharit]] could be said according to Rabbi Yehuda is the fourth hour and according to the Rabbis is the sixth hour. The Gemara (27a) writes that we hold like Rabbi Yehuda because there is a Mishna in Ediyot that supports Rabbi Yehuda. This is codified by the Rif 18a, Rosh 4:1, and Rambam ([[Tefillah]] 3:1). The halacha is brought in Tur and Shulchan Aruch 89:1 </ref> | ||
#If one has not prayed until the end of the fourth hour, one should pray [[Shacharit]] before the end of the sixth hour ( | #If one has not prayed until the end of the fourth hour, one should pray [[Shacharit|''shacharit'']] before the end of the sixth hour (in [[Shaot Zmaniot|''shaot zmaniot'']]) - midday. If one intentionally did not pray in the first four hours one should still pray before midday but one should stipulate that if one is exempt that one is praying a voluntary [[prayer]]. <ref>*The Rif 18a originates that even though we hold like Rabbi Yehuda that the latest time for [[Shacharit]] is the fourth hour one could still pray after the fourth hour and receive the reward for praying (albeit having lost the reward for praying in the proper time). The Rosh 4:1, Rambam (Hilchot [[Tefillah]] 3:1), and Tur 89:1 hold like the Rif. | ||
*The Bet Yosef 89:1 writes that it seems as though the Rosh and Rif base their halacha on the general language of the | *The Bet Yosef 89:1 writes that it seems as though the Rosh and Rif base their halacha on the general language of the gemara (Brachot 26a) “one could pray all day and receive reward for [[prayer]] but would lose the reward for [[prayer]] in its proper time.” Because this phrase was the gemara’s way of explaining the halacha of [[Tashlumin]], the Bet Yosef, rules that according to the Rif and Rosh one would not be able to pray after the fourth hour if a person intentionally did not pray in the first four hours. | ||
*However, the Rambam and Tur 89:1 hold that if a person intentionally prayed after the fourth hour he still receives reward for [[prayer]]. The Bet Yosef 89:1 explains that the Rambam tried to minimize the dispute between רבנן and Rabbi Yehuda so that there would not be an argument as to whether one totally fulfills the mitzvah or does not fulfill it at all in the period between the fourth and sixth hour. Rather they both agree that it is still time for [[Shacharit]] but according to Rabbi Yehuda one who prays at that time only receives reward for [[prayer]] but not that of [[prayer]] in its proper time while רבנן hold that one would also receive the reward of it being in its proper time. According to this explanation, one should be able to pray in this period even if one intentionally did not pray beforehand. | *However, the Rambam and Tur 89:1 hold that if a person intentionally prayed after the fourth hour he still receives reward for [[prayer]]. The Bet Yosef 89:1 explains that the Rambam tried to minimize the dispute between רבנן and Rabbi Yehuda so that there would not be an argument as to whether one totally fulfills the mitzvah or does not fulfill it at all in the period between the fourth and sixth hour. Rather they both agree that it is still time for [[Shacharit]] but according to Rabbi Yehuda one who prays at that time only receives reward for [[prayer]] but not that of [[prayer]] in its proper time while רבנן hold that one would also receive the reward of it being in its proper time. According to this explanation, one should be able to pray in this period even if one intentionally did not pray beforehand. | ||
*Additionally, if one holds like the Rif then one would be able to daven | *Additionally, if one holds like the Rif then one would be able to daven even between six and sixth and a half, while according to the Rambam one should only be able to pray as long as there is some opinion which considers it the time for [[Shacharit]]. The Bet Yosef adds that the Rashba agrees with the Rambam. (It seems that the Bet Yosef understands the Rashba to say that you certainly may not pray during the half hour after [[Chatzot]]. The Bach argues that the Rashba meant something else entirely, namely that one should pray the [[Tashlumin]] right after having prayed the obligatory [[Tefilla]].) | ||
*The Mishna Brurah 89:6 writes that because of the dispute one should still pray after the fourth hour even if one intentionally missed praying earlier but nonetheless should stipulate that if one is exempt, one should be considered praying voluntarily. Yalkut Yosef 89:5 agrees.</ref> | *The Mishna Brurah 89:6 writes that because of the dispute one should still pray after the fourth hour even if one intentionally missed praying earlier but nonetheless should stipulate that if one is exempt, one should be considered praying voluntarily. Yalkut Yosef 89:5 agrees.</ref> | ||
#One may not pray past the end of the sixth hour | #One may not pray past the end of the sixth hour, but rather one should wait to say [[Tashlumin|''tashlumin'']] at [[Mincha|''mincha'']]).<ref>Rama O.C. 89:1 (based on the explanation of the Bet Yosef of the Rambam and Tur, see the [[#cite_note-11|previous footnote]])</ref> | ||
==Times for Mincha== | ==Times for Mincha== | ||
===Ideal Time for Mincha=== | ===Ideal Time for Mincha=== | ||
#The ideal time to pray [[Mincha]] is after nine and a half hours ([[Mincha]] | #The ideal time to pray [[Mincha|''mincha'']] is after nine and a half hours ([[Mincha|''mincha'']] ''ketana''), however, one fulfills one’s obligation by praying from six and a half hours (''[[mincha]] gedola''). <ref>*Rambam (Tefillah 3:2) writes that since they instituted Tefillah corresponding to korbanot the primary time for mincha is mincha ketana, 9.5 hours in the day but one fulfills one's obligation anytime after mincha gedola, 6.5 hours. The Tur 233:1 argues that the primary time to pray [[Mincha]] is after six and a half hours since it is the time when a korban mincha is fit. Shulchan Aruch O.C. 233:1 follows the Rambam. The Mishna Brurah 233:1 also holds like the Rambam but adds that there are some rishonim who allow one to pray earlier and in certain cases (see further) one may pray earlier. Kaf HaChaim 233:1, Yalkut Yosef (Brachot page 637) and Halichot Olam (vol 1 pg 253) concur with Mishna Brurah. Aruch Hashulchan 233:!2 writes that ideally one should daven after mincha ketana but for any small reason one could even initially daven mincha gedola. | ||
*Kaf Hachaim 233:3 adds that really the best time is after plag mincha, 10.45 hours into the day. Rav Nevinsal (BeYitzchak Yikra on Mishna Brurah 233:1) argues that according to the Rambam one should pray after 9.5 hours before 10.45 hours and only pray after 10.45 hours in extenuating circumstances. He even writes that it is preferable to pray before ten and three quarter hours rather than pray with a [[minyan]], however, the minhag is not like this. | *Kaf Hachaim 233:3 adds that really the best time is after plag mincha, 10.45 hours into the day. Rav Nevinsal (BeYitzchak Yikra on Mishna Brurah 233:1) argues that according to the Rambam one should pray after 9.5 hours before 10.45 hours and only pray after 10.45 hours in extenuating circumstances. He even writes that it is preferable to pray before ten and three quarter hours rather than pray with a [[minyan]], however, the minhag is not like this. | ||
*See the BeYitchak Yikra 233:1 (notes of Rav Nevinsal on Mishna Brurah) who adds that the Rambam holds that the only preferable time is after [[Mincha]] Ketana before Plag [[Mincha]] (10 ¾ hours) and it would be preferable to say [[Mincha]] individually at [[Mincha]] Gedola rather than with a [[minyan]] at [[Mincha]] Ketana after Plag [[Mincha]]. Nonetheless, he agrees that the minhag is not like this.</ref> | *See the BeYitchak Yikra 233:1 (notes of Rav Nevinsal on Mishna Brurah) who adds that the Rambam holds that the only preferable time is after [[Mincha]] Ketana before Plag [[Mincha]] (10 ¾ hours) and it would be preferable to say [[Mincha]] individually at [[Mincha]] Gedola rather than with a [[minyan]] at [[Mincha]] Ketana after Plag [[Mincha]]. Nonetheless, he agrees that the minhag is not like this.</ref> | ||
