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Which Melachot Are Forbidden on Yom Tov?: Difference between revisions
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Which Melachot Are Forbidden on Yom Tov? (view source)
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==Difference between [[Yom Tov]] and Shabbat== | ==Difference between [[Yom Tov]] and Shabbat== | ||
# All the Melachot that are forbidden on [[Shabbat]] are also forbidden on [[Yom Tov]] except making a food for that day (Ochel Nefesh), [[carrying]], and lighting a fire. <ref> Mishna in Betzah 37 says that anything that is forbidden on [[Shabbat]] is forbidden on [[Yom Tov]] except "Ochel Nefesh" which is limited to making food that that day alone. The Gemara Betzah 12 explains that since Bet Hillel holds of the principle of "Metoch" (lit. based on) and so it's permissible to carry and lit a fire on [[Yom Tov]] becasue once the Melacha is permitted in order to do Ochel Nefesh it's permitted also not for Ochel Nefesh purposes. | # All the Melachot that are forbidden on [[Shabbat]] are also forbidden on [[Yom Tov]] except making a food for that day (Ochel Nefesh), [[carrying]], and lighting a fire. <ref> Mishna in Betzah 37 says that anything that is forbidden on [[Shabbat]] is forbidden on [[Yom Tov]] except "Ochel Nefesh" which is limited to making food that that day alone. The Gemara Betzah 12 explains that since Bet Hillel holds of the principle of "Metoch" (lit. based on) and so it's permissible to carry and lit a fire on [[Yom Tov]] becasue once the Melacha is permitted in order to do Ochel Nefesh it's permitted also not for Ochel Nefesh purposes. Shulchan Aruch 495:1 rules like Bet Hillel and permits making food for Ochel Nefesh, [[carrying]] and lighting a fire on [[Yom Tov]]. </ref> The details of these differences between [[Shabbat]] and [[Yom Tov]] are described below. | ||
# [[Carrying]] and lighting a fire is permitted on [[Yom Tov]]. <Ref>S”A 495:1 </ref> [[Carrying]] is only permitted if there’s some need for [[Yom Tov]], however, it’s forbidden to carry for no reason. <Ref>Rama 518:1, Beiur Halacha 518:1 s.v. Mitoch </ref> | # [[Carrying]] and lighting a fire is permitted on [[Yom Tov]]. <Ref>S”A 495:1 </ref> [[Carrying]] is only permitted if there’s some need for [[Yom Tov]], however, it’s forbidden to carry for no reason. <Ref>Rama 518:1, Beiur Halacha 518:1 s.v. Mitoch </ref> | ||
# One may not light a fire from scratch. <Ref>S”A 502:1 </ref> | # One may not light a fire from scratch. <Ref>S”A 502:1 </ref> | ||
# Extinguishing a fire for the purpose of Ochel Nefesh is permitted. <ref>The Gemara Shabbat 134a states that it is permitted to put a piece of meat on coals in order to cook the meat even though it'll temporarily extinguish the coals. Rashi s.v. lo efshar explains that the reason one may extinguish the coals for cooking the meat is because one may do melacha on Yom Tov for Ochel Nefesh that couldn't have been done before Yom Tov. | # Extinguishing a fire for the purpose of Ochel Nefesh is permitted. <ref>The Gemara Shabbat 134a states that it is permitted to put a piece of meat on coals in order to cook the meat even though it'll temporarily extinguish the coals. Rashi s.v. lo efshar explains that the reason one may extinguish the coals for cooking the meat is because one may do melacha on Yom Tov for Ochel Nefesh that couldn't have been done before Yom Tov. | ||
* The Rif (Betizah 12a) however, explains that cooking the meat on the coals is permitted because it doesn't cause the coals to be extinguished. The Ramban (Milchamot 12a s.v. Amar HaKotev Zeh) and Ran (12a s.v. Iybaya) explain the Rif as saying that putting the meat on the coals isn't considered extinguishing because it is temporary and will reignite. Accordingly, the Rif holds that in general one may not extinguish for the purposes of Ochel Nefesh. | * The Rif (Betizah 12a) however, explains that cooking the meat on the coals is permitted because it doesn't cause the coals to be extinguished. The Ramban (Milchamot 12a s.v. Amar HaKotev Zeh) and Ran (12a s.v. Iybaya) explain the Rif as saying that putting the meat on the coals isn't considered extinguishing because it is temporary and will reignite. Accordingly, the Rif holds that in general one may not extinguish for the purposes of Ochel Nefesh. | ||
* The Rosh (Beitzah 2:23) quotes the version of the Rif, but seems to side with Rashi in Beitzah 4:8. Additionally, the Rambam (Yom Tov 4:6) doesn't side clearly with the Rif or Rashi. With regards to the halacha, although the Bet Yosef 511:4 quotes the Rif and Ran, in | * The Rosh (Beitzah 2:23) quotes the version of the Rif, but seems to side with Rashi in Beitzah 4:8. Additionally, the Rambam (Yom Tov 4:6) doesn't side clearly with the Rif or Rashi. With regards to the halacha, although the Bet Yosef 511:4 quotes the Rif and Ran, in Shulchan Aruch 507:4 it is clear he follows the opinion of Rashi. Taz 511:7, Eliyah Rabba 511:6, and Mishna Brurah 511:25 rule like Rashi that extinguishing is permitted for Ochel Nefesh. </ref> | ||
==Preparing food on Yom Tov== | ==Preparing food on Yom Tov== | ||
# Ashkenazim are strict to only cook for Ochel Nefesh things that couldn't have been prepared on Erev [[Yom Tov]], however, food which would have tasted the same whether it was cooked on [[Yom Tov]] or before, it must be cooked before [[Yom Tov]]. <ref> Rama 495:1 rules in name of the Or Zaruha and Maharil that one should only do Ochel Nefesh if the food couldn't have been prepared before [[Yom Tov]]. Mishna Brurah 495:8 in the name of the Achronim that such is the halacha. </ref> if one forgot and there’s a need for the [[Yom Tov]] one may do it on [[Yom Tov]] with a shinui. <Ref>Rama 495:1, Mishna Brurah 495:8 </ref> If one was unable to make this type of food before [[yom Tov]] because of Ones (unforeseeable circumstances). <Ref>Mishna Brurah 495:10 </ref> | # Ashkenazim are strict to only cook for Ochel Nefesh things that couldn't have been prepared on Erev [[Yom Tov]], however, food which would have tasted the same whether it was cooked on [[Yom Tov]] or before, it must be cooked before [[Yom Tov]]. <ref> Rama 495:1 rules in name of the Or Zaruha and Maharil that one should only do Ochel Nefesh if the food couldn't have been prepared before [[Yom Tov]]. Mishna Brurah 495:8 in the name of the Achronim that such is the halacha. </ref> if one forgot and there’s a need for the [[Yom Tov]] one may do it on [[Yom Tov]] with a shinui. <Ref>Rama 495:1, Mishna Brurah 495:8 </ref> If one was unable to make this type of food before [[yom Tov]] because of Ones (unforeseeable circumstances). <Ref>Mishna Brurah 495:10 </ref> | ||
# One is permitted to do Melacha to fix vessels in order to make food that's Ochel Nefesh if the fixing couldn't have been done before [[Yom Tov]]. <ref> Gemara [[Megillah]] 7 has a dispute whether on [[Yom Tov]] one can fix a vessel needed for Ochel Nefesh, and Rabbi Yehuda permits. | # One is permitted to do Melacha to fix vessels in order to make food that's Ochel Nefesh if the fixing couldn't have been done before [[Yom Tov]]. <ref> Gemara [[Megillah]] 7 has a dispute whether on [[Yom Tov]] one can fix a vessel needed for Ochel Nefesh, and Rabbi Yehuda permits. Shulchan Aruch 495:1 rules like Rabbi Yehuda. </ref> | ||
# The Melachot of [[Kesirah]] ([[Harvesting]]), [[Techinah]] ([[Grinding]]), Besirah (picking grapes), [[Sechitah]] ([[Squeezing]] liquids out of a solid), and [[Tzedah]] ([[Trapping]]), are forbidden on [[Yom Tov]] even if they are needed for Ochel Nefesh. <ref> | # The Melachot of [[Kesirah]] ([[Harvesting]]), [[Techinah]] ([[Grinding]]), Besirah (picking grapes), [[Sechitah]] ([[Squeezing]] liquids out of a solid), and [[Tzedah]] ([[Trapping]]), are forbidden on [[Yom Tov]] even if they are needed for Ochel Nefesh. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 495:2 </ref> | ||
## Just like on [[Shabbat]] it's permitted to squeeze a food into another food, it's also permitted on [[Yom Tov]]. For example, it'd be permitted to squeeze a lemon onto sugar and then pour water on top of it. <ref> [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/Display.asp?ClipID=546 Rabbi Eli Mansour on dailyhalacha.com]</ref> | ## Just like on [[Shabbat]] it's permitted to squeeze a food into another food, it's also permitted on [[Yom Tov]]. For example, it'd be permitted to squeeze a lemon onto sugar and then pour water on top of it. <ref> [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/Display.asp?ClipID=546 Rabbi Eli Mansour on dailyhalacha.com]</ref> | ||
## It’s permitted to soak [[matzah]] and squeeze out the liquid in preparation to [[cooking]]. <Ref> Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 5:14 </ref> | ## It’s permitted to soak [[matzah]] and squeeze out the liquid in preparation to [[cooking]]. <Ref> Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 5:14 </ref> | ||
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==Having one's animal rest on Yom Tov== | ==Having one's animal rest on Yom Tov== | ||
# Similar to [[Shabbat]] it's forbidden to rent out one's animal to a non-Jew on [[Yom Tov]] because one is not allowed to have one's animal do work on [[Yom Tov]]. <ref> Bet Yosef (OC Siman 495) quotes a dispute whether Shevitat behemto (letting one's animal rest) applies to [[Yom Tov]] or is it specific to [[Shabbat]]. (This dispute is also quoted in the Orchot Chaim (Hilchot [[Yom Tov]] #5) and Kol Bo (Siman 58 pg 17d)). The Bet Yosef concludes that it seems from the poskim (Rif, Rambam, and Rosh) who don't make this distinction between [[Shabbat]] and [[Yom Tov]] that [[Shevitat Behemto]] is forbidden on [[Yom Tov]].The Bach 495 argues on the Bet Yosef explaining that the reason that [[Shevitat Behemto]] and Mechamer don't apply to [[Yom Tov]] is that they aren't included the Melachot but rather a specific prohibition which is exclusive to [[Shabbat]]. The Rama 246:3 rules that leniently. Magan Avraham concludes that one should be strict based on this Bet Yosef. So rule many Achronim. </ref> | # Similar to [[Shabbat]] it's forbidden to rent out one's animal to a non-Jew on [[Yom Tov]] because one is not allowed to have one's animal do work on [[Yom Tov]]. <ref> Bet Yosef (OC Siman 495) quotes a dispute whether Shevitat behemto (letting one's animal rest) applies to [[Yom Tov]] or is it specific to [[Shabbat]]. (This dispute is also quoted in the Orchot Chaim (Hilchot [[Yom Tov]] #5) and Kol Bo (Siman 58 pg 17d)). The Bet Yosef concludes that it seems from the poskim (Rif, Rambam, and Rosh) who don't make this distinction between [[Shabbat]] and [[Yom Tov]] that [[Shevitat Behemto]] is forbidden on [[Yom Tov]].The Bach 495 argues on the Bet Yosef explaining that the reason that [[Shevitat Behemto]] and Mechamer don't apply to [[Yom Tov]] is that they aren't included the Melachot but rather a specific prohibition which is exclusive to [[Shabbat]]. The Rama 246:3 rules that leniently. Magan Avraham concludes that one should be strict based on this Bet Yosef. So rule many Achronim. </ref> | ||
# One is not allowed to have one's animal carry a burden for them even in a courtyard. <Ref> Rambam [[Yom Tov]] 5:2 writes that one is forbidden to have one's animal carry for him on [[Yom Tov]] as it's a activity usually done on the weekday. | # One is not allowed to have one's animal carry a burden for them even in a courtyard. <Ref> Rambam [[Yom Tov]] 5:2 writes that one is forbidden to have one's animal carry for him on [[Yom Tov]] as it's a activity usually done on the weekday. Shulchan Aruch 495:3 rules this as halacha. Magan Avraham 495:5 explains that this law isn't dependant on Shevitat behemto but rather based on doing activity on [[Yom Tov]] like one would do on a weekday (which would only be a rabbinic prohibition). Mishna Brurah explains that according to such an explanation it's forbidden to have the animal carry a burden even in a courtyard without crossing any halachic domains. </ref> | ||
==Mitzvot of Yom Tov== | ==Mitzvot of Yom Tov== | ||
# There’s a mitzvah to add to [[Yom Tov]] just like there’s a mitzvah of Tosefet [[Shabbat]]. <ref>Piskei Teshuvot 495:1 </ref> | # There’s a mitzvah to add to [[Yom Tov]] just like there’s a mitzvah of Tosefet [[Shabbat]]. <ref>Piskei Teshuvot 495:1 </ref> | ||
