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Shnayim Mikra V'Echad Targum: Difference between revisions
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# Even someone who doesn’t understand Targum very well should still read Shnayim Mikra VeChad Targum.<Ref> Sh”t Yechava Daat 2:37, Yalkut Yosef (vol 1, pg 358), Kuntres Hilchot Shnayim Mikra VeChad Targum (Rabbi Sender, pg 12) quoting Rav Elyashiv, Shemirat [[Shabbat]] Kehilchata (chap 42, note 215)</ref> | # Even someone who doesn’t understand Targum very well should still read Shnayim Mikra VeChad Targum.<Ref> Sh”t Yechava Daat 2:37, Yalkut Yosef (vol 1, pg 358), Kuntres Hilchot Shnayim Mikra VeChad Targum (Rabbi Sender, pg 12) quoting Rav Elyashiv, Shemirat [[Shabbat]] Kehilchata (chap 42, note 215)</ref> | ||
# Women are exempt from Shnayim Mikrah. <Ref> Sh”t Mishna Halachot 6:60 writes that women are exempt from Shnayim Mikrah because many hold Shnayim Mikrah is included in the mitzvah of learning Torah from which woman are generally exempt. Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 42:60 and Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 1 pg 361) agree. See Mishna Berura 282:12 who writes that even though woman aren't obligated in Talmud Torah they should listen to the Kriyat HaTorah but the minhag isn't be strict about this. Regarding women listening to kriyat hatorah see Aruch Hashulchan 282:11.</ref> A woman who wants to read Shnayim Mikrah may do so. <ref>Chazon Ovadyah ([[Shabbat]] vol 1, pg 328) </ref> | # Women are exempt from Shnayim Mikrah. <Ref> Sh”t Mishna Halachot 6:60 writes that women are exempt from Shnayim Mikrah because many hold Shnayim Mikrah is included in the mitzvah of learning Torah from which woman are generally exempt. Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 42:60 and Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 1 pg 361) agree. See Mishna Berura 282:12 who writes that even though woman aren't obligated in Talmud Torah they should listen to the Kriyat HaTorah but the minhag isn't be strict about this. Regarding women listening to kriyat hatorah see Aruch Hashulchan 282:11.</ref> A woman who wants to read Shnayim Mikrah may do so. <ref>Chazon Ovadyah ([[Shabbat]] vol 1, pg 328) </ref> | ||
# A parent should teach his son to read Shnayim mikra. <ref> Sh”t Shevet Halevi 8:46, Sh”t Teshuvot V’Hanhagot 1:661, Halichot Shlomo Tefilla 12:36 </ref> | |||
# A sick, blind, or illiterate man is exempt but it’s preferable to hear it read from another person.<Ref> Sh”t Radvaz 3:425, Kaf HaChaim 285:9-10, Sh”t Mahari Shtif 18</ref> | # A sick, blind, or illiterate man is exempt but it’s preferable to hear it read from another person.<Ref> Sh”t Radvaz 3:425, Kaf HaChaim 285:9-10, Sh”t Mahari Shtif 18</ref> | ||
# A mourner within the first 7 days can read it but not with Rashi.<Ref> Sh”t Habit HaYehudi 3:36(15), SH”t Orchot Yosher Y”D 1:28.</ref> | # A mourner within the first 7 days can read it but not with Rashi.<Ref> Sh”t Habit HaYehudi 3:36(15), SH”t Orchot Yosher Y”D 1:28.</ref> | ||
# A teacher who teaches children the parsha and goes over the pesukim a few times he only needs to read targum to fulfill his obligation.<Ref> S”A 285:6, Mishna Brurah 285:16, Kaf | # A teacher who teaches children the parsha and goes over the pesukim a few times he only needs to read targum to fulfill his obligation.<Ref> S”A 285:6, Mishna Brurah 285:16, Kaf Hachaim 285:32 adds that according Kabbalah it’s better to read it again all together without a break</ref> | ||
==What pesukim and what Targum?== | ==What pesukim and what Targum?== | ||
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==How should one read it?== | ==How should one read it?== | ||
# There are three practices as how to read Shenayim Mikra: 1. Read each pasuk twice followed by it’s Targum <ref> The Arizal (Shaare Kavanot 62a) would read Shnayim Mikra pasuk by pasuk. The Sefer Itim (pg 244), Magan Avraham 285:1, Maharam MeRutenberg (Pesakim VeMinhagim, Mehura HaRav Kahana pg 217), Or Ha[[Shabbat]] (8:41 in name of the Bal Shem Tov), and Chida in Machzik Bracha 285:10 all hold that Shnayim Mikra should be done pasuk by pasuk. Sh”t Shevet HaLevi 7:33 writes that such was the minhag of the Chafetz Chaim. </ref> 1b. Read the entire parsha and then read each pasuk with it’s Targum, 1c. Read each pasuk with it’s Targum and then the entire parsha once. <ref> The Birur Halacha (Beginning of 285) writes that reading the entire parsha once and then each pasuk followed by it’s Targum, or reading the each pasuk once followed by it’s Targum and then the entire parsha once are both valid options that are halachically the same as the Arizal’s method because the entire issue is reading the Targum close to the pasuk. This is brought by Bikkurei Chaim 3:1. </ref> 2. Read each paragraph, petucha (a line break before the next paragraph) or setuma (a short break before the next paragraph) twice and then it’s Targum <ref> Kitzur S”A 72:11 writes that one should read each paragraph twice whether it’s patucha or setuma and then the Targum. The Shelah brings the different opinions and writes that he prefers reading one paragraph at a time and then doing the Targum on that. So was the practice of the Gra (HaMaaseh Rav 60). Rav Yaakov Kamenetsky in Emes Liyaakov 285:1 suggests something similar that one should read a paragraph just mikra once, and then a second time with the targum. </ref> 3. Read the entire parsha twice and then the Targum. <Ref> Aruch HaShulchan 285:7 according to the simple understanding of “completing the parsha twice with Targum” and supports it from Rashi and Or Zaruah. Torat [[Shabbat]] 285 writes that such was the minhag of Mahara MeBalaza. Orchot Rabbenu (pg 123) writes in name of the Steipler that there’s no difference between methods 2 and 3. Mishmeret Shalom 24:33 writes that his father and grandfather had the practice to read the Shenayim Mikra from the Torah and since it was difficult to interrupt between each pasuk to read Targum (and then have to find the place again), they read the entire Parsha twice and then Targum. </ref> | # There are three practices as how to read Shenayim Mikra: 1. Read each pasuk twice followed by it’s Targum <ref> The Arizal (Shaare Kavanot 62a) would read Shnayim Mikra pasuk by pasuk. The Sefer Itim (pg 244), Magan Avraham 285:1, Maharam MeRutenberg (Pesakim VeMinhagim, Mehura HaRav Kahana pg 217), Or Ha[[Shabbat]] (8:41 in name of the Bal Shem Tov), and Chida in Machzik Bracha 285:10 all hold that Shnayim Mikra should be done pasuk by pasuk. Sh”t Shevet HaLevi 7:33 writes that such was the minhag of the Chafetz Chaim. </ref> 1b. Read the entire parsha and then read each pasuk with it’s Targum, 1c. Read each pasuk with it’s Targum and then the entire parsha once. <ref> The Birur Halacha (Beginning of 285) writes that reading the entire parsha once and then each pasuk followed by it’s Targum, or reading the each pasuk once followed by it’s Targum and then the entire parsha once are both valid options that are halachically the same as the Arizal’s method because the entire issue is reading the Targum close to the pasuk. This is brought by Bikkurei Chaim 3:1. </ref> 2. Read each paragraph, petucha (a line break before the next paragraph) or setuma (a short break before the next paragraph) twice and then it’s Targum <ref> Kitzur S”A 72:11 writes that one should read each paragraph twice whether it’s patucha or setuma and then the Targum. The Shelah brings the different opinions and writes that he prefers reading one paragraph at a time and then doing the Targum on that. So was the practice of the Gra (HaMaaseh Rav 60) quoted in Mishna Berura 285:8. Rav Yaakov Kamenetsky in Emes Liyaakov 285:1 suggests something similar that one should read a paragraph just mikra once, and then a second time with the targum. </ref> 3. Read the entire parsha twice and then the Targum. <Ref> Aruch HaShulchan 285:7 according to the simple understanding of “completing the parsha twice with Targum” and supports it from Rashi and Or Zaruah. Torat [[Shabbat]] 285 writes that such was the minhag of Mahara MeBalaza. Orchot Rabbenu (pg 123) writes in name of the Steipler that there’s no difference between methods 2 and 3. Mishmeret Shalom 24:33 writes that his father and grandfather had the practice to read the Shenayim Mikra from the Torah and since it was difficult to interrupt between each pasuk to read Targum (and then have to find the place again), they read the entire Parsha twice and then Targum. </ref> | ||
# Some have the practice to read a little bit every day and complete it day [[Shabbat]]. <Ref> Talmedei Rabbenu Yonah 4b D”H LeOlam writes that some had the practice to read a little every day and complete it by [[Shabbat]]. This is brought as Halacha by the Aruch HaShulchan 285:1 </ref> | # Some have the practice to read a little bit every day and complete it day [[Shabbat]]. <Ref> Talmedei Rabbenu Yonah 4b D”H LeOlam writes that some had the practice to read a little every day and complete it by [[Shabbat]]. This is brought as Halacha by the Aruch HaShulchan 285:1 </ref> | ||
# One is allowed to read Shnayim Mikrah while seated. <Ref> Pri Megadim (M”Z 690:1, Bikkurei Chaim 3:11 </ref> | # One is allowed to read Shnayim Mikrah while seated. <Ref> Pri Megadim (M”Z 690:1, Bikkurei Chaim 3:11 </ref> | ||
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# One should repeat the last pasuk again after finishing the targum in order to end with mikra. <ref> Magen Avraham 285:1, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 72:11, Aruch HaShulchan 285:6. Even though [http://www.torah.org/advanced/weekly-halacha/5772/shemos.html Rabbi Nuestadt in Weekly Halachic Discussions] quotes Magen Avraham 285:8 it should be 285:1. </ref> Some have the practice to repeat the last pasuk of the parsha twice without Targum (after having finished the whole parsha Shnayim Mikrah VeChad Targum). <Ref> Kaf Hachaim Palagi 27:3, Chida in Morah BeEtzba 4:131</ref> | # One should repeat the last pasuk again after finishing the targum in order to end with mikra. <ref> Magen Avraham 285:1, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 72:11, Aruch HaShulchan 285:6. Even though [http://www.torah.org/advanced/weekly-halacha/5772/shemos.html Rabbi Nuestadt in Weekly Halachic Discussions] quotes Magen Avraham 285:8 it should be 285:1. </ref> Some have the practice to repeat the last pasuk of the parsha twice without Targum (after having finished the whole parsha Shnayim Mikrah VeChad Targum). <Ref> Kaf Hachaim Palagi 27:3, Chida in Morah BeEtzba 4:131</ref> | ||
==Earliest and latest time== | ==Earliest and latest time== | ||
# One can begin to read the weekly Parsha after the congregation (Tzibbur) read the first Aliyah of the Parsha at Mincha on [[Shabbat]]. <Ref> S”A 285:3 says one can start on Sunday | # One can begin to read the weekly Parsha after the congregation (Tzibbur) read the first Aliyah of the Parsha at Mincha on [[Shabbat]]. <Ref> S”A 285:3 says one can start on Sunday. Rama in Darchei Moshe 285 based on the Kol Bo 37 mentions that this truly means Sunday. However, the Mishna Brurah 285:7 and Shaar Hatziyun 285:12 as well as Kaf HaChaim 285:24 explain that this was imprecise and really one is permitted to start once the Tzibbur began reading the Parsha at [[Shabbat]] Mincha. See Sh”t Yaskil Avdi O”C 5:39 and Sh”t Asse Lecha Rav 7:16. SA Harav 285:5 and Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 72:11 rule that you should wait until sunday. </ref> | ||
# Some have the practice to do the Shenayim Mikrah on Friday afternoon. <Ref> Kitzur S”A 72:11. Orchot Rabbenu (pg 123) writes the minhag of the Stiepler was to read it once on Friday afternoon and once with the Bal Koreh. </ref> | # Some have the practice to do the Shenayim Mikrah on Friday afternoon. <Ref> Kitzur S”A 72:11. Orchot Rabbenu (pg 123) writes the minhag of the Stiepler was to read it once on Friday afternoon and once with the Bal Koreh. </ref> | ||
# One should finish Shenayim Mikra VeEchad Targum by [[Shabbat]] lunch. If one didn’t complete it by lunch time one shouldn't delay lunch for Shnayim Mikrah rather one should finish it by Mincha of [[Shabbat]]. If one didn’t complete it by then one can fulfill it until Tuesday night. Some hold one can even complete it by that year’s Shemini Esret. <Ref> S”A 285:4, Mishna Brurah 285:9. See Kaf Chaim Palagi 27:4, Ben Ish Chai Lech Lecha 14.</ref> | # One should finish Shenayim Mikra VeEchad Targum by [[Shabbat]] lunch. <ref> Chayei Adam Shabbos 7:9, S"A HaRav 285:5, Aruch Hashulchan 285:8, Mishna Berura 285:9 and Biur Halacha "yashlim." The Shla quoted by the Magen Avraham 285:5-6 and the Arizal quoted by the Shaare Teshuva 285:1 say that one should finish by friday. </ref> If one didn’t complete it by lunch time one shouldn't delay lunch for Shnayim Mikrah rather one should finish it by Mincha of [[Shabbat]]. If one didn’t complete it by then one can fulfill it until Tuesday night. Some hold one can even complete it by that year’s Shemini Esret. <Ref> S”A 285:4, Mishna Brurah 285:9. See Kaf Chaim Palagi 27:4, Ben Ish Chai Lech Lecha 14. There are many opinions as to what is meant by until mincha. ##Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach (Halichot Shlomo, Tefilla 12:35) and Rav Chaim Kanievsky (quoted in Halichot Chaim 1:page 95 say that one can recite it until he prays mincha. | ||
##Shmirat Shabbat Kihilchata (2:42:footnote 218) says you can say it until the time of mincha gedola. | |||
##Rav Avraham Chaim Naeh (Ketzot Hashulchan 72: Badei Hashulchan 7) says you can recite it until mincha is recited in the shul. The ##Chazon Ish (cited in Orchos Rabbeinu 3: page 234) held that you should finish by the time you eat seudat shlishit. </ref> | |||
# The Shenayim Mikra VeChad Targum of Parshat Vezot Habracha should be read on Hoshana Rabba. However, if one read it on Shemini Esret one also fulfills the obligation. <Ref> The Chida in Birkei Yosef 285:4, Ben Ish Chai (Vezot Habracha 1:15), and Mishna Brurah 285:18 write that while it's preferable to read the Shenayim Mikra of Vezot HaBracha on Hoshana Rabba, it may also be read on Shemini Aseret. The Piskei Teshuvot 285:4 quotes the Sh"t Kaneh Beshem 1:16 who holds that if one read it prior to Hoshana Rabba one hasn't fulfilled his obligation. However, the Dvir Hakadosh (Siman 23(4), pg 124) argues that according to Tosfot one should be able to read it from the first time we read it on [[Shabbat]] mincha. </ref> | # The Shenayim Mikra VeChad Targum of Parshat Vezot Habracha should be read on Hoshana Rabba. However, if one read it on Shemini Esret one also fulfills the obligation. <Ref> The Chida in Birkei Yosef 285:4, Ben Ish Chai (Vezot Habracha 1:15), and Mishna Brurah 285:18 write that while it's preferable to read the Shenayim Mikra of Vezot HaBracha on Hoshana Rabba, it may also be read on Shemini Aseret. The Piskei Teshuvot 285:4 quotes the Sh"t Kaneh Beshem 1:16 who holds that if one read it prior to Hoshana Rabba one hasn't fulfilled his obligation. However, the Dvir Hakadosh (Siman 23(4), pg 124) argues that according to Tosfot one should be able to read it from the first time we read it on [[Shabbat]] mincha. </ref> | ||
# Someone for whom it’s difficult to read it on Friday or [[Shabbat]] have those to rely to say it Friday night.<Ref> Sh”t | # Someone for whom it’s difficult to read it on Friday or [[Shabbat]] have those to rely to say it Friday night.<Ref> Sh”t Yabea Omer O”C 6:30(5), Sh"t Yitzchak Yiranen 1:29. </ref> | ||
# If one misses a week one should read the previous Parsha's Shenayim Mikra and then the current weeks Parsha. <Ref> Sh”t Bear Moshe 5:79 writes that if one misses a week one should read the previous Parsha's Shenayim Mikra and then the current weeks Parsha. Rav Shlomo Zalman Halichot Shlomo (Tefillah 12:36), Ketzos haShulchan 72:9, Chazon Ovadyah ([[Shabbat]], vol 1, pg 314), and [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/displayRead.asp?readID=2057 Daily Halacha (by Rabbi Mansour)] agree. However, Sh”t Yitzchak Yiranen 1:32 says one can make up a parsha out of order. Halichot Shlomo (Tefillah 12:37) adds that if one did begin the current week's parsha before one finished the previous one, one may finish it.</ref> | # If one misses a week one should read the previous Parsha's Shenayim Mikra and then the current weeks Parsha. <Ref> Sh”t Bear Moshe 5:79 writes that if one misses a week one should read the previous Parsha's Shenayim Mikra and then the current weeks Parsha. Rav Shlomo Zalman Halichot Shlomo (Tefillah 12:36), Ketzos haShulchan 72:9, Chazon Ovadyah ([[Shabbat]], vol 1, pg 314), and [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/displayRead.asp?readID=2057 Daily Halacha (by Rabbi Mansour)] agree. However, Sh”t Yitzchak Yiranen 1:32 says one can make up a parsha out of order. Halichot Shlomo (Tefillah 12:37) adds that if one did begin the current week's parsha before one finished the previous one, one may finish it.</ref> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
<References/> | <References/> | ||
