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Shnayim Mikra V'Echad Targum: Difference between revisions
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# Even someone who will hear the Torah reading in Shul must read Shenayim Mikra. <Ref> The Hagot Maimoniot (Tefillah 3:24) quotes the Raavan who says that Shenayim Mikra is only an obligation for those who live in villages that don’t have Torah reading on Shabbat, however, the Hagot Maimon argues on the Raavan. The Rambam 13:25, Tur, and S”A 285:1 write explicitly that there’s an obligation of Shenayim Mikra even for someone who heard Torah reading in shul. </ref> | # Even someone who will hear the Torah reading in Shul must read Shenayim Mikra. <Ref> The Hagot Maimoniot (Tefillah 3:24) quotes the Raavan who says that Shenayim Mikra is only an obligation for those who live in villages that don’t have Torah reading on Shabbat, however, the Hagot Maimon argues on the Raavan. The Rambam 13:25, Tur, and S”A 285:1 write explicitly that there’s an obligation of Shenayim Mikra even for someone who heard Torah reading in shul. </ref> | ||
# Even someone who is learned and wants to learn Talmud is obligated to read Shanyim Mikrah. <Ref> Teshuvot HaGeonim 7 in name of Rabbenu Matatya says that even a talmid chacham must complete Shenyaim Mikra VeEchad Targum. Sh”t Rashba 1:206 agrees. This is brought as Halacha in Chazon Ovadya (Shabbat 1 pg 300), Sh”t Igrot Moshe 5:17, Shulchan Lechem HaPanim (Siman 285), and Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 42:57. Kuntres Hilchot Shnayim Mikra VeChad Targum (Rabbi Sender, pg 10) writes that he saw Rav Elyashiv reading Shnayim Mikra even though he never wastes any time from learning Torah. Bikkurei Chaim (pg 39) writes that those who think that it’s Bitul Torah since they are capable of learning more in-depth should know that by spending more time on Shnayim Mikra they will be rewarded with long life (Brachot 8a). </ref> | # Even someone who is learned and wants to learn Talmud is obligated to read Shanyim Mikrah. <Ref> Teshuvot HaGeonim 7 in name of Rabbenu Matatya says that even a talmid chacham must complete Shenyaim Mikra VeEchad Targum. Sh”t Rashba 1:206 agrees. This is brought as Halacha in Chazon Ovadya (Shabbat 1 pg 300), Sh”t Igrot Moshe 5:17, Shulchan Lechem HaPanim (Siman 285), and Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 42:57. Kuntres Hilchot Shnayim Mikra VeChad Targum (Rabbi Sender, pg 10) writes that he saw Rav Elyashiv reading Shnayim Mikra even though he never wastes any time from learning Torah. Bikkurei Chaim (pg 39) writes that those who think that it’s Bitul Torah since they are capable of learning more in-depth should know that by spending more time on Shnayim Mikra they will be rewarded with long life (Brachot 8a). </ref> | ||
# Even someone who doesn’t understand Targum very well should still read Shnayim Mikra VeChad Targum.<Ref> Sh”t Yechava Daat 2:37, Yalkut Yosef (vol 1, pg 358)</ref> | # Even someone who doesn’t understand Targum very well should still read Shnayim Mikra VeChad Targum.<Ref> Sh”t Yechava Daat 2:37, Yalkut Yosef (vol 1, pg 358), Kuntres Hilchot Shnayim Mikra VeChad Targum (Rabbi Sender, pg 12) quoting Rav Elyashiv, Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata (chap 42, note 215)</ref> | ||
# Women are exempt from Shnayim Mikrah. <Ref> Sh”t Mishna Halachot 6:60 writes that women are exempt from Shnayim Mikrah because many hold Shnayim Mikrah is included in the mitzvah of learning Torah from which woman are generally exempt. See Mishna Berura 282:12 who writes that even though woman aren't obligated in Talmud Torah they should listen to the Kriyat HaTorah but the minhag isn't be strict about this. Regarding women listening to kriyat hatorah see Aruch Hashulchan 282:11.</ref> | # Women are exempt from Shnayim Mikrah. <Ref> Sh”t Mishna Halachot 6:60 writes that women are exempt from Shnayim Mikrah because many hold Shnayim Mikrah is included in the mitzvah of learning Torah from which woman are generally exempt. Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 42:60 and Yalkut Yosef (Shabbat vol 1 pg 361) agree. See Mishna Berura 282:12 who writes that even though woman aren't obligated in Talmud Torah they should listen to the Kriyat HaTorah but the minhag isn't be strict about this. Regarding women listening to kriyat hatorah see Aruch Hashulchan 282:11.</ref> A woman who wants to read Shnayim Mikrah may do so. <ref>Chazon Ovadyah (Shabbat vol 1, pg 328) </ref> | ||
# A sick, blind, or illiterate man is exempt but it’s preferable to hear it read from another person.<Ref> Sh”t Radvaz 3:425, Kaf HaChaim 285:9-10, Sh”t Mahari Shtif 18</ref> | # A sick, blind, or illiterate man is exempt but it’s preferable to hear it read from another person.<Ref> Sh”t Radvaz 3:425, Kaf HaChaim 285:9-10, Sh”t Mahari Shtif 18</ref> | ||
# A mourner within the first 7 days can read it but not with Rashi.<Ref> Sh”t Habit HaYehudi 3:36(15), SH”t Orchot Yosher Y”D 1:28.</ref> | # A mourner within the first 7 days can read it but not with Rashi.<Ref> Sh”t Habit HaYehudi 3:36(15), SH”t Orchot Yosher Y”D 1:28.</ref> | ||
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# One can begin to read the weekly Parsha after the congregation (Tzibbur) read the first Aliyah of the Parsha at Mincha on Shabbat. <Ref> S”A 285:3 says one can start on Sunday, however, the Mishna Brurah 285:7 and Kaf HaChaim 285:24 explain that this was imprecise and really one is permitted to start once the Tzibbur began reading the Parsha at Shabbat Mincha. See Sh”t Yaskil Avdi O”C 5:39 and Sh”t Asse Lecha Rav 7:16. SA Harav 285:5 and Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 72:11 rule that you should wait until sunday. </ref> | # One can begin to read the weekly Parsha after the congregation (Tzibbur) read the first Aliyah of the Parsha at Mincha on Shabbat. <Ref> S”A 285:3 says one can start on Sunday, however, the Mishna Brurah 285:7 and Kaf HaChaim 285:24 explain that this was imprecise and really one is permitted to start once the Tzibbur began reading the Parsha at Shabbat Mincha. See Sh”t Yaskil Avdi O”C 5:39 and Sh”t Asse Lecha Rav 7:16. SA Harav 285:5 and Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 72:11 rule that you should wait until sunday. </ref> | ||
# Some have the practice to do the Shenayim Mikrah on Friday afternoon. <Ref> Kitzur S”A 72:11. Orchot Rabbenu (pg 123) writes the minhag of the Stiepler was to read it once on Friday afternoon and once with the Bal Koreh. </ref> | # Some have the practice to do the Shenayim Mikrah on Friday afternoon. <Ref> Kitzur S”A 72:11. Orchot Rabbenu (pg 123) writes the minhag of the Stiepler was to read it once on Friday afternoon and once with the Bal Koreh. </ref> | ||
# | # One should finish Shenayim Mikra VeEchad Targum by Shabbat lunch. If one didn’t complete it by lunch time one shouldn't delay lunch for Shnayim Mikrah rather one should finish it by Mincha of Shabbat. If one didn’t complete it by then one can fulfill it until Tuesday night. Some hold one can even complete it by that year’s Shemini Esret. <Ref> S”A 285:4, Mishna Brurah 285:9. See Kaf Chaim Palagi 27:4, Ben Ish Chai Lech Lecha 14.</ref> | ||
# The Shenayim Mikra VeChad Targum of Parshat Vezot Habracha should be read on Hoshana Rabba. However, if one read it on Shemini Esret one also fulfills the obligation. <Ref> The Chida in Birkei Yosef 285:4, Ben Ish Chai (Vezot Habracha 1:15), and Mishna Brurah 285:18 write that while it's preferable to read the Shenayim Mikra of Vezot HaBracha on Hoshana Rabba, it may also be read on Shemini Aseret. The Piskei Teshuvot 285:4 quotes the Sh"t Kaneh Beshem 1:16 who holds that if one read it prior to Hoshana Rabba one hasn't fulfilled his obligation. However, the Dvir Hakadosh (Siman 23(4), pg 124) argues that according to Tosfot one should be able to read it from the first time we read it on Shabbat mincha. </ref> | # The Shenayim Mikra VeChad Targum of Parshat Vezot Habracha should be read on Hoshana Rabba. However, if one read it on Shemini Esret one also fulfills the obligation. <Ref> The Chida in Birkei Yosef 285:4, Ben Ish Chai (Vezot Habracha 1:15), and Mishna Brurah 285:18 write that while it's preferable to read the Shenayim Mikra of Vezot HaBracha on Hoshana Rabba, it may also be read on Shemini Aseret. The Piskei Teshuvot 285:4 quotes the Sh"t Kaneh Beshem 1:16 who holds that if one read it prior to Hoshana Rabba one hasn't fulfilled his obligation. However, the Dvir Hakadosh (Siman 23(4), pg 124) argues that according to Tosfot one should be able to read it from the first time we read it on Shabbat mincha. </ref> | ||
# Someone for whom it’s difficult to read it on Friday or Shabbat have those to rely to say it Friday night.<Ref> Sh”t Yabe Omer O”C 6:30(5), Sh"t Yitzchak Yiranen 1:29. </ref> | # Someone for whom it’s difficult to read it on Friday or Shabbat have those to rely to say it Friday night.<Ref> Sh”t Yabe Omer O”C 6:30(5), Sh"t Yitzchak Yiranen 1:29. </ref> | ||
