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Shnayim Mikra V'Echad Targum: Difference between revisions
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# Even someone who is learned and wants to learn Talmud is obligated to read Shnayim Mikrah. <Ref> Teshuvot HaGeonim 7 in name of Rabbenu Matatya says that even a talmid chacham must complete Shenyaim Mikra VeEchad Targum. Sh”t Rashba 1:206 agrees. This is brought as Halacha in Chazon Ovadya ([[Shabbat]] 1 pg 300), Sh”t Igrot Moshe 5:17, Shulchan Lechem HaPanim (Siman 285), and Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 42:57. Kuntres Hilchot Shnayim Mikra VeChad Targum (Rabbi Sender, pg 10) writes that he saw Rav Elyashiv reading Shnayim Mikra even though he never wastes any time from learning Torah. Bikkurei Chaim (pg 39) writes that those who think that it’s Bitul Torah since they are capable of learning more in-depth should know that by spending more time on Shnayim Mikra they will be rewarded with long life (Brachot 8a). </ref> | # Even someone who is learned and wants to learn Talmud is obligated to read Shnayim Mikrah. <Ref> Teshuvot HaGeonim 7 in name of Rabbenu Matatya says that even a talmid chacham must complete Shenyaim Mikra VeEchad Targum. Sh”t Rashba 1:206 agrees. This is brought as Halacha in Chazon Ovadya ([[Shabbat]] 1 pg 300), Sh”t Igrot Moshe 5:17, Shulchan Lechem HaPanim (Siman 285), and Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 42:57. Kuntres Hilchot Shnayim Mikra VeChad Targum (Rabbi Sender, pg 10) writes that he saw Rav Elyashiv reading Shnayim Mikra even though he never wastes any time from learning Torah. Bikkurei Chaim (pg 39) writes that those who think that it’s Bitul Torah since they are capable of learning more in-depth should know that by spending more time on Shnayim Mikra they will be rewarded with long life (Brachot 8a). </ref> | ||
# Even someone who doesn’t understand Targum very well should still read Shnayim Mikra VeChad Targum.<Ref> Sh”t Yechave Daat 2:37, Yalkut Yosef (vol 1, pg 358), Kuntres Hilchot Shnayim Mikra VeChad Targum (Rabbi Sender, pg 12) quoting Rav Elyashiv, Shemirat [[Shabbat]] Kehilchata (chap 42, note 215)</ref> | # Even someone who doesn’t understand Targum very well should still read Shnayim Mikra VeChad Targum.<Ref> Sh”t Yechave Daat 2:37, Yalkut Yosef (vol 1, pg 358), Kuntres Hilchot Shnayim Mikra VeChad Targum (Rabbi Sender, pg 12) quoting Rav Elyashiv, Shemirat [[Shabbat]] Kehilchata (chap 42, note 215)</ref> | ||
# Women are exempt from Shnayim Mikrah. <Ref> Sh”t Mishna Halachot 6:60 writes that women are exempt from Shnayim Mikrah because many hold Shnayim Mikrah is included in the mitzvah of learning Torah from which woman are generally exempt. Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 42:60 and Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 1 pg 361) agree. See Mishna | # Women are exempt from Shnayim Mikrah. <Ref> Sh”t Mishna Halachot 6:60 writes that women are exempt from Shnayim Mikrah because many hold Shnayim Mikrah is included in the mitzvah of learning Torah from which woman are generally exempt. Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 42:60 and Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 1 pg 361) agree. See Mishna Brurah 282:12 who writes that even though woman aren't obligated in Talmud Torah they should listen to the Kriyat HaTorah but the minhag isn't be strict about this. Regarding women listening to kriyat hatorah see Aruch Hashulchan 282:11.</ref> A woman who wants to read Shnayim Mikrah may do so. <ref>Chazon Ovadyah ([[Shabbat]] vol 1, pg 328) </ref> | ||
# A parent should teach his son to read Shnayim mikra. <ref> Sh”t Shevet Halevi 8:46, Sh”t Teshuvot V’Hanhagot 1:661, Halichot Shlomo Tefilla 12:36 </ref> | # A parent should teach his son to read Shnayim mikra. <ref> Sh”t Shevet Halevi 8:46, Sh”t Teshuvot V’Hanhagot 1:661, Halichot Shlomo Tefilla 12:36 </ref> | ||
# A sick, blind, or illiterate man is exempt but it’s preferable to hear it read from another person.<Ref> Sh”t Radvaz 3:425, Kaf HaChaim 285:9-10, Sh”t Mahari Shtif 18</ref> | # A sick, blind, or illiterate man is exempt but it’s preferable to hear it read from another person.<Ref> Sh”t Radvaz 3:425, Kaf HaChaim 285:9-10, Sh”t Mahari Shtif 18</ref> | ||
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==How should one read it?== | ==How should one read it?== | ||
# There are three practices as how to read Shenayim Mikra: 1. Read each pasuk twice followed by it’s Targum <ref> The Arizal (Shaare Kavanot 62a) would read Shnayim Mikra pasuk by pasuk. The Sefer Itim (pg 244), Magan Avraham 285:1, Maharam MeRutenberg (Pesakim VeMinhagim, Mehura HaRav Kahana pg 217), Or Ha[[Shabbat]] (8:41 in name of the Bal Shem Tov), and Chida in Machzik Bracha 285:10 all hold that Shnayim Mikra should be done pasuk by pasuk. Sh”t Shevet HaLevi 7:33 writes that such was the minhag of the Chafetz Chaim. </ref> 1b. Read the entire parsha and then read each pasuk with it’s Targum, 1c. Read each pasuk with it’s Targum and then the entire parsha once. <ref> The Birur Halacha (Beginning of 285) writes that reading the entire parsha once and then each pasuk followed by it’s Targum, or reading the each pasuk once followed by it’s Targum and then the entire parsha once are both valid options that are halachically the same as the Arizal’s method because the entire issue is reading the Targum close to the pasuk. This is brought by Bikkurei Chaim 3:1. </ref> 2. Read each paragraph, petucha (a line break before the next paragraph) or setuma (a short break before the next paragraph) twice and then it’s Targum <ref> Kitzur S”A 72:11 writes that one should read each paragraph twice whether it’s patucha or setuma and then the Targum. The Shelah brings the different opinions and writes that he prefers reading one paragraph at a time and then doing the Targum on that. So was the practice of the Gra (HaMaaseh Rav 60) quoted in Mishna | # There are three practices as how to read Shenayim Mikra: 1. Read each pasuk twice followed by it’s Targum <ref> The Arizal (Shaare Kavanot 62a) would read Shnayim Mikra pasuk by pasuk. The Sefer Itim (pg 244), Magan Avraham 285:1, Maharam MeRutenberg (Pesakim VeMinhagim, Mehura HaRav Kahana pg 217), Or Ha[[Shabbat]] (8:41 in name of the Bal Shem Tov), and Chida in Machzik Bracha 285:10 all hold that Shnayim Mikra should be done pasuk by pasuk. Sh”t Shevet HaLevi 7:33 writes that such was the minhag of the Chafetz Chaim. </ref> 1b. Read the entire parsha and then read each pasuk with it’s Targum, 1c. Read each pasuk with it’s Targum and then the entire parsha once. <ref> The Birur Halacha (Beginning of 285) writes that reading the entire parsha once and then each pasuk followed by it’s Targum, or reading the each pasuk once followed by it’s Targum and then the entire parsha once are both valid options that are halachically the same as the Arizal’s method because the entire issue is reading the Targum close to the pasuk. This is brought by Bikkurei Chaim 3:1. </ref> 2. Read each paragraph, petucha (a line break before the next paragraph) or setuma (a short break before the next paragraph) twice and then it’s Targum <ref> Kitzur S”A 72:11 writes that one should read each paragraph twice whether it’s patucha or setuma and then the Targum. The Shelah brings the different opinions and writes that he prefers reading one paragraph at a time and then doing the Targum on that. So was the practice of the Gra (HaMaaseh Rav 60) quoted in Mishna Brurah 285:8. Rav Yaakov Kamenetsky in Emes Liyaakov 285:1 suggests something similar that one should read a paragraph just mikra once, and then a second time with the targum. </ref> 3. Read the entire parsha twice and then the Targum. <Ref> Aruch HaShulchan 285:7 according to the simple understanding of “completing the parsha twice with Targum” and supports it from Rashi and Or Zaruah. Torat [[Shabbat]] 285 writes that such was the minhag of Mahara MeBalaza. Orchot Rabbenu (pg 123) writes in name of the Steipler that there’s no difference between methods 2 and 3. Mishmeret Shalom 24:33 writes that his father and grandfather had the practice to read the Shenayim Mikra from the Torah and since it was difficult to interrupt between each pasuk to read Targum (and then have to find the place again), they read the entire Parsha twice and then Targum. </ref> | ||
# Some have the practice to read a little bit every day and complete it day [[Shabbat]]. <Ref> Talmedei Rabbenu Yonah 4b D”H LeOlam writes that some had the practice to read a little every day and complete it by [[Shabbat]]. This is brought as Halacha by the Aruch HaShulchan 285:1 </ref> | # Some have the practice to read a little bit every day and complete it day [[Shabbat]]. <Ref> Talmedei Rabbenu Yonah 4b D”H LeOlam writes that some had the practice to read a little every day and complete it by [[Shabbat]]. This is brought as Halacha by the Aruch HaShulchan 285:1 </ref> | ||
# One is allowed to read Shnayim Mikrah while seated. <Ref> Pri Megadim (M”Z 690:1, Bikkurei Chaim 3:11 </ref> | # One is allowed to read Shnayim Mikrah while seated. <Ref> Pri Megadim (M”Z 690:1, Bikkurei Chaim 3:11 </ref> | ||
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# One can begin to read the weekly Parsha once the congregation (Tzibbur) read the Parsha at Shabbat Mincha. <Ref> Rama (Darchei Moshe 285:1) quotes a dispute between the Mordechai who says one can begin to read Shenayim Mikra from mincha of Shabbat when the congregation begins to read that parsha and the Kol Bo who argues that one can not read it then because earlier that day the congregation read the previous parsha. S”A 285:3 writes that one can start on Sunday. S"A Harav 285:5 and Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 72:11 agree. The Mishna Brurah 285:7 explains that the language of Shulchan Aruch is imprecise and really one is permitted to start once the Tzibbur began reading the Parsha at [[Shabbat]] Mincha. Shaar HaTziyun 285:12 notes that the opinion of the Kol Bo is a minority opinion. Kaf HaChaim 285:24 seems to agree. See Sh”t Yaskil Avdi O”C 5:39 and Sh”t Asse Lecha Rav 7:16. </ref> | # One can begin to read the weekly Parsha once the congregation (Tzibbur) read the Parsha at Shabbat Mincha. <Ref> Rama (Darchei Moshe 285:1) quotes a dispute between the Mordechai who says one can begin to read Shenayim Mikra from mincha of Shabbat when the congregation begins to read that parsha and the Kol Bo who argues that one can not read it then because earlier that day the congregation read the previous parsha. S”A 285:3 writes that one can start on Sunday. S"A Harav 285:5 and Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 72:11 agree. The Mishna Brurah 285:7 explains that the language of Shulchan Aruch is imprecise and really one is permitted to start once the Tzibbur began reading the Parsha at [[Shabbat]] Mincha. Shaar HaTziyun 285:12 notes that the opinion of the Kol Bo is a minority opinion. Kaf HaChaim 285:24 seems to agree. See Sh”t Yaskil Avdi O”C 5:39 and Sh”t Asse Lecha Rav 7:16. </ref> | ||
# Some have the practice to do the Shenayim Mikrah on Friday afternoon. <Ref> Kitzur S”A 72:11 writes that ideally one should read Shenayim Mikra on Friday afternoon. Orchot Rabbenu (pg 123) writes the minhag of the Stiepler was to read it once on Friday afternoon and once with the Bal Koreh. </ref> | # Some have the practice to do the Shenayim Mikrah on Friday afternoon. <Ref> Kitzur S”A 72:11 writes that ideally one should read Shenayim Mikra on Friday afternoon. Orchot Rabbenu (pg 123) writes the minhag of the Stiepler was to read it once on Friday afternoon and once with the Bal Koreh. </ref> | ||
# One should finish Shenayim Mikra VeEchad Targum by [[Shabbat]] lunch. <ref> Chayei Adam Shabbos 7:9, S"A HaRav 285:5, Aruch Hashulchan 285:8, Mishna | # One should finish Shenayim Mikra VeEchad Targum by [[Shabbat]] lunch. <ref> Chayei Adam Shabbos 7:9, S"A HaRav 285:5, Aruch Hashulchan 285:8, Mishna Brurah 285:9 and Biur Halacha "yashlim." The Shla quoted by the Magen Avraham 285:5-6 and the Arizal quoted by the Shaare Teshuva 285:1 say that one should finish by friday. </ref> If one didn’t complete it by lunch time one shouldn't delay lunch for Shnayim Mikrah rather one should finish it by Mincha of [[Shabbat]]. If one didn’t complete it by then one can fulfill it until Tuesday night. Some hold one can even complete it by that year’s Shemini Esret. <Ref> S”A 285:4, Mishna Brurah 285:9. See Kaf Chaim Palagi 27:4, Ben Ish Chai Lech Lecha 14. There are many opinions as to what is meant by until mincha. | ||
*Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach (Halichot Shlomo, Tefilla 12:35) and Rav Chaim Kanievsky (quoted in Halichot Chaim v. 1, p. 95) say that one can recite it until he prays mincha. | *Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach (Halichot Shlomo, Tefilla 12:35) and Rav Chaim Kanievsky (quoted in Halichot Chaim v. 1, p. 95) say that one can recite it until he prays mincha. | ||
*Shmirat Shabbat Kihilchata (2:42:footnote 218) says you can say it until the time of mincha gedola. | *Shmirat Shabbat Kihilchata (2:42:footnote 218) says you can say it until the time of mincha gedola. | ||
