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Shmoneh Esrei: Difference between revisions
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# It’s forbidden to walk in front of someone praying within 4 Amot. <Ref> Gemara Brachot 27a writes that Rav didn’t move after praying Shemonah Esrei because Rabbi Yirmeyah was praying behind him. Then Rabbi Yehoshua Ben Levi concludes that it’s forbidden to walk in front of someone praying Shemonah Esrei. Nonetheless, the Gemara says that Rav Ami and Rav Asi did walk in front of those beyond four amot. This is brought as halacha by the Rif 18b, Rosh 4:4, Rambam Tefillah 5:6, Tur and S”A 102:4. MB 102:15 quotes two reasons for this. The first one is based on the maamar mordechai that you will distract the person who you walk in front of, and the second one is based on the chayei adam who says that you are creating a barrier between him and the schechina. </ref> however, on the sides and in back of them it’s permissible. <Ref>Rabbenu Yonah (Brachot 18b D”H Asur) comments on the gemara which says not to pass in front of someone praying that one would be allowed to walk to the side of someone praying. This is also the implication of the Kesef Mishna in the Rambam 5:6. This is codified in Tur and S”A 102:4. Nonetheless, the Mishna Brurah 102:17 quotes the Zohar which is strict even walking on the side of someone praying within 4 amot. Biur Halacha 102 quotes the Eliya Rabba and the Shla that the same would apply with walking in front of somebody saying keriat shema. </ref> Some explain the reason is that walking in front of him prevents his Kavana <ref>Magan Avraham 102:6 </ref> Some explain that the area where a person davens has the shechina and it’s improper to interrupt the one Davening from the Shechina. <Ref> Sh”t Ginat Veradim 1:39 </ref> | # It’s forbidden to walk in front of someone praying within 4 Amot. <Ref> Gemara Brachot 27a writes that Rav didn’t move after praying Shemonah Esrei because Rabbi Yirmeyah was praying behind him. Then Rabbi Yehoshua Ben Levi concludes that it’s forbidden to walk in front of someone praying Shemonah Esrei. Nonetheless, the Gemara says that Rav Ami and Rav Asi did walk in front of those beyond four amot. This is brought as halacha by the Rif 18b, Rosh 4:4, Rambam Tefillah 5:6, Tur and S”A 102:4. MB 102:15 quotes two reasons for this. The first one is based on the maamar mordechai that you will distract the person who you walk in front of, and the second one is based on the chayei adam who says that you are creating a barrier between him and the schechina. </ref> however, on the sides and in back of them it’s permissible. <Ref>Rabbenu Yonah (Brachot 18b D”H Asur) comments on the gemara which says not to pass in front of someone praying that one would be allowed to walk to the side of someone praying. This is also the implication of the Kesef Mishna in the Rambam 5:6. This is codified in Tur and S”A 102:4. Nonetheless, the Mishna Brurah 102:17 quotes the Zohar which is strict even walking on the side of someone praying within 4 amot. Biur Halacha 102 quotes the Eliya Rabba and the Shla that the same would apply with walking in front of somebody saying keriat shema. </ref> Some explain the reason is that walking in front of him prevents his Kavana <ref>Magan Avraham 102:6 </ref> Some explain that the area where a person davens has the shechina and it’s improper to interrupt the one Davening from the Shechina. <Ref> Sh”t Ginat Veradim 1:39 </ref> | ||
# Some say just like one can’t walk in front one may not walk to the sides in front (in front but not directly in front). <Ref>The Magan Avraham 102:6 writes that any area where the one praying could see the one walking it’s forbidden to walk (as one ruins his Kavana). The Pri Megadim (Eshel Avraham 102:5) infers that the front to the side (not directly in front) is forbidden. The Mishna Brurah 102:16 writes that the Magan Avraham is strict regarding the front to the side while the Eliyahu Rabba is lenient. The Kaf HaChaim 102:28 only quotes the opinion of the Pri Megadim. </ref> | # Some say just like one can’t walk in front one may not walk to the sides in front (in front but not directly in front). <Ref>The Magan Avraham 102:6 writes that any area where the one praying could see the one walking it’s forbidden to walk (as one ruins his Kavana). The Pri Megadim (Eshel Avraham 102:5) infers that the front to the side (not directly in front) is forbidden. The Mishna Brurah 102:16 writes that the Magan Avraham is strict regarding the front to the side while the Eliyahu Rabba is lenient. The Kaf HaChaim 102:28 only quotes the opinion of the Pri Megadim. </ref> | ||
# There’s a dispute whether one may walk into the 4 amot of someone praying and stand there and in cases of great need one may be lenient. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 102:18 writes that it’s a dispute between the Magan Avraham and Eliyah Rabba and in cases of great need one may be lenient. </ref> | # There’s a dispute whether one may walk into the 4 [[amot]] of someone praying and stand there and in cases of great need one may be lenient. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 102:18 writes that it’s a dispute between the Magan Avraham and Eliyah Rabba and in cases of great need one may be lenient. </ref> | ||
===Taking three steps back=== | ===Taking three steps back=== | ||
# If one finished one’s Shemonah Esrei and the one behind him isn’t finished, it’s forbidden to take three steps back, even if the one behind started Shemonah Esrei after him. <Ref> S”A 102:5, Mishna Brurah 102:21 adds that even if the one behind him started after him and is now extending his prayers, it’s forbidden to take three steps back. Shulchan Aruch HaMukutzer Einei Yitzchak (pg 130) writes that some are of the minhag to be lenient not to look back after one finished davening to see if one is Davening behind him. He adds that even though this goes against S”A still the minhag has what to rely on. [It seems this isn’t a source to rely on as it contradicts S”A, however one can judge others favorable who aren’t careful about this halacha.] </ref> In cases of great need, for a mitzvah, or if the one who’s waiting is greatly pained by waiting a long time it’s permissible to take three steps back in a diagonal (not to walk directly in front of the one Davening behind him). <Ref> Mishna Brurah 102:18 writes that according to Eliyah Rabba who permits walking in the front sides of someone Davening, one may take three steps back into that area. Accordingly, Arba Amot Shel Tefillah (pg 50) rules that in cases of great need or a mitzvah one may take three steps in a diagonal. Similarly, Sh”t Teshuvot VeHanhagot is lenient if the one waiting is greatly paining by waiting. </ref> | # If one finished one’s Shemonah Esrei and the one behind him isn’t finished, it’s forbidden to take three steps back, even if the one behind started Shemonah Esrei after him. <Ref> S”A 102:5, Mishna Brurah 102:21 adds that even if the one behind him started after him and is now extending his prayers, it’s forbidden to take three steps back. Shulchan Aruch HaMukutzer Einei Yitzchak (pg 130) writes that some are of the minhag to be lenient not to look back after one finished davening to see if one is Davening behind him. He adds that even though this goes against S”A still the minhag has what to rely on. [It seems this isn’t a source to rely on as it contradicts S”A, however one can judge others favorable who aren’t careful about this halacha.] </ref> In cases of great need, for a mitzvah, or if the one who’s waiting is greatly pained by waiting a long time it’s permissible to take three steps back in a diagonal (not to walk directly in front of the one Davening behind him). <Ref> Mishna Brurah 102:18 writes that according to Eliyah Rabba who permits walking in the front sides of someone Davening, one may take three steps back into that area. Accordingly, Arba Amot Shel Tefillah (pg 50) rules that in cases of great need or a mitzvah one may take three steps in a diagonal. Similarly, Sh”t Teshuvot VeHanhagot is lenient if the one waiting is greatly paining by waiting. </ref> | ||
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==Sitting in front of someone Davening== | ==Sitting in front of someone Davening== | ||
# Chazal learn from Chanah who was praying in the Bet HaMikdash and the pasuk says that there was no one sitting where she stood. <ref> Gemara Brachot 32a from Shmuel 1 chapter 1</ref>. Some explain that the reason for the prohibition is that it's not proper that it should appear that someone is davening and accepting Hashem's kingship and the one sitting refuses to do so. <ref> Tur 102, Trumat HaDeshen 3 </ref> Some explain that the prohibition is because the Shechina dwells in that area where a person davens and it's inappropriate to sit. <ref> S"A HaRav 102:1, Sefer Arba Amot SHel Tefillah pg 1 suggests that this is based on Shibolei HaLeket (Brachot 25) in name of Rav Hai Goan. </ref> | # Chazal learn from Chanah who was praying in the Bet HaMikdash and the pasuk says that there was no one sitting where she stood. <ref> Gemara Brachot 32a from Shmuel 1 chapter 1</ref>. Some explain that the reason for the prohibition is that it's not proper that it should appear that someone is davening and accepting Hashem's kingship and the one sitting refuses to do so. <ref> Tur 102, Trumat HaDeshen 3 </ref> Some explain that the prohibition is because the Shechina dwells in that area where a person davens and it's inappropriate to sit. <ref> S"A HaRav 102:1, Sefer Arba Amot SHel Tefillah pg 1 suggests that this is based on Shibolei HaLeket (Brachot 25) in name of Rav Hai Goan. </ref> | ||
# It's forbidden to sit within 4 amot of someone davening <ref> Brachot 31b, S"A 102:1 </ref> including behind the one davening. <ref> Rama 102:1 and Mishna Brurah 102:4 rule that even behind the one davening is forbidden to sit. </ref> Some say that one shouldn’t sit in front of someone up to as far as he can see (which is assumed to be up to 266 amot) <ref>S”A 102:1, Sefer Amot Shel Tefillah 2:2 pg 5 writes that the measure of as far as a person can see is 266 or 266 2/3 amot based on Shach Y”D 244:8 </ref>, however, this opinion isn’t totally accepted but the achronim hold that it’s proper to follow this opinion. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 102:9 </ref> | # It's forbidden to sit within 4 [[amot]] of someone davening <ref> Brachot 31b, S"A 102:1 </ref> including behind the one davening. <ref> Rama 102:1 and Mishna Brurah 102:4 rule that even behind the one davening is forbidden to sit. </ref> Some say that one shouldn’t sit in front of someone up to as far as he can see (which is assumed to be up to 266 amot) <ref>S”A 102:1, Sefer Amot Shel Tefillah 2:2 pg 5 writes that the measure of as far as a person can see is 266 or 266 2/3 [[amot]] based on Shach Y”D 244:8 </ref>, however, this opinion isn’t totally accepted but the achronim hold that it’s proper to follow this opinion. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 102:9 </ref> | ||
# It's forbidden to lean on a Shtender within 4 amot of someone davening. However, if one is only leaning a little and if the Shtender was removed one wouldn't fall, one may be lenient in cases of need. <ref> Mishna Brurah 102:1 </ref> | # It's forbidden to lean on a Shtender within 4 [[amot]] of someone davening. However, if one is only leaning a little and if the Shtender was removed one wouldn't fall, one may be lenient in cases of need. <ref> Mishna Brurah 102:1 </ref> | ||
# One shouldn't sit (within 4 amot) even to learn unless, it's behind the one davening and there's a need. <ref> Mishna Brurah 102:6 </ref> | # One shouldn't sit (within 4 amot) even to learn unless, it's behind the one davening and there's a need. <ref> Mishna Brurah 102:6 </ref> | ||
# If one was already sitting and then someone came and started Davening next to you, it’s permissible to continue sitting, yet it’s proper to stand. <Ref>S”A and Rama 102:3 </ref> However, that only applies in one’s home, however, in a place of a minyan kavuah or a shul where the area is designated for Davening, one must stand unless one is learning. <Ref> Mishna Brurah 102:13 </ref> | # If one was already sitting and then someone came and started Davening next to you, it’s permissible to continue sitting, yet it’s proper to stand. <Ref>S”A and Rama 102:3 </ref> However, that only applies in one’s home, however, in a place of a minyan kavuah or a shul where the area is designated for Davening, one must stand unless one is learning. <Ref> Mishna Brurah 102:13 </ref> | ||
