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Shmoneh Esrei: Difference between revisions
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== | ==Where it's preferable to Daven== | ||
# Preferably, one should Daven close to a wall so that there’s nothing interrupting between you and the wall. However, if something is established like a table or closet it isn’t considered an interruption between the person davening and the wall. <Ref> S”A 90:21 based on Brachot 5b</ref> | # Preferably, one should Daven close to a wall so that there’s nothing interrupting between you and the wall. However, if something is established like a table or closet it isn’t considered an interruption between the person davening and the wall. <Ref> S”A 90:21 based on Brachot 5b</ref> | ||
# If one isn’t unable to stand next to the wall because of the lack of space, one shouldn’t refrain from Davening for this, rather one should close one’s eyes or pray from a siddur so as not to loose concentration. <Ref> Taz 90:5 write that if there’s not enough space in a room where ten people are Davening, one shouldn’t refrain from Davening rather one should daven and make an effort to have kavanah by closing one’s eyes or looking into the siddur only. Mishna Brurah 90:63 brings this as Halacha. </ref> | # If one isn’t unable to stand next to the wall because of the lack of space, one shouldn’t refrain from Davening for this, rather one should close one’s eyes or pray from a siddur so as not to loose concentration. <Ref> Taz 90:5 write that if there’s not enough space in a room where ten people are Davening, one shouldn’t refrain from Davening rather one should daven and make an effort to have kavanah by closing one’s eyes or looking into the siddur only. Mishna Brurah 90:63 brings this as Halacha. </ref> | ||
# A bed that’s used for sleeping isn’t considered an interruption between the person davening and the wall, however because some argue on this, one try to strict not to daven in front of a bed used for sleeping if that’s possible. <Ref> Mishna Brurah 90:65 writes that a bed used to sleep on is considered established and not an interruption (based on Bet Yosef) however because some (Bach and Taz) argue that it is an interruption, one should try to avoid Davening in front of a bed used for sleeping if it’s possible. </ref> | # A bed that’s used for sleeping isn’t considered an interruption between the person davening and the wall, however because some argue on this, one try to strict not to daven in front of a bed used for sleeping if that’s possible. <Ref> Mishna Brurah 90:65 writes that a bed used to sleep on is considered established and not an interruption (based on Bet Yosef) however because some (Bach and Taz) argue that it is an interruption, one should try to avoid Davening in front of a bed used for sleeping if it’s possible. </ref> | ||
# A object that’s needed for Davening such as a shtender isn’t called an interruption. <Ref> Mishna Brurah 90:66 </ref> | # A object that’s needed for Davening such as a shtender isn’t called an interruption. <Ref> Mishna Brurah 90:66 </ref> | ||
==Walking in front of someone Davening== | |||
# # It’s forbidden to walk in front of someone who is Davening. <Ref>Brachot 27a, S”A 102 </ref> Some explain the reason is that walking in front of him prevents his Kavana <ref>Magan Avraham 102:6 </ref> Some explain that the area where a person davens has the shechina and it’s improper to interrupt the one Davening from the Shechina. <Ref> Sh”t Ginat Veradim 1:39 </ref> | |||
# It’s forbidden to walk in front of someone Davening within their 4 amot, however on the sides and in back of them it’s permissible. <Ref> S”A 102:4 </ref> There’s a dispute regarding the area in between the front and the side. <Ref> Mishna Brurah 102:16 quotes a dispute between the Magan Avraham who’s strict and the Eliyah Rabba who’s lenient regarding the area between the sides and the front. </ref> | |||
# If one finished one’s Shemona Esreh and the one behind him isn’t finished, it’s forbidden to take three steps back, even if the one behind started Shemona Esreh after him. <Ref> S”A 102:5, Mishna Brurah 102:21 adds that even if the one behind him started after him and is now extending his prayers, it’s forbidden to take three steps back. </ref> | |||
# Similarly, it’s forbidden to take the three steps before Shemona Esreh in front of someone Davening. <Ref> Halichot Shlomo 8:33 </ref> | |||
# Even if the one Davening has a talit over his face it’s still forbidden to pass in front of him. <Ref> Biur Halacha 102:4 D”H Asur </ref> | |||
# If the one dvaenign behind him has finished but didn’t take his three steps back as he’s waiting fro someone behind him, it’s permitted to take the three steps back in order to go to do a mitzvah like saying tachanun. <Ref> Halichot Shlomo 8:34 </ref> | |||
# A Kohen who needs to pass someone Davening in order to Duchan, or someone who needs the bathroom is permitted to pass in front of someone who’s Davening. This is only true if the one Davening has his eyes closed, or has his eyes open and not in the siddur, however if his eyes are open but are focused on the siddur, it’s forbidden to pass before him in any regard. <Ref> Halichot Shlomo 8:33 </ref> | |||
# However, it’s forbidden to pass in front of someone Davening or take three steps back in order to say Tachanun. <Ref> Halichot Shlomo 8:33 </ref> | |||
# A shtender isn’t considered an interruption between the one Davening and one passing before him unless the Shtender is 10 tefachim tall by 4 tefachim wide. <ref> Halichot Shlomo 8:33 in the note based on Mishna Brurah 102:2 </ref> | |||
===Someone Davening in a public domain=== | |||
# Someone who is Davening in a public area of a shul and is blocking the congregation from walking, some say it’s permissible to walk in front of the davener and some forbid since the entire area of the shul is a place of Davening. <Ref>Maharsham in Daat Torah leaves this question as a tzarich iyun. Rav Shlomo Zalman in Halichot Shlomo (8:36) permits if there’s a need. Similarly, Yalkut Yosef (Sherit Yosef vol 3 pg 24) permits in cases of great need. However, Dalet Amot Shel Tefillah (8:2, pg 68) quotes Rav Betzalel Stern and implies from Rav Moshe Shternbach that it’s forbidden. </ref> | |||
# In some shuls, it’s so crowded that many minyanim take place in crevices of rooms or hallways and it’s nearly impossible for a finishing minyan to pass a minyan that’s still praying, this minhag has what to rely on, however, the davener should daven next to a wall, or at least close his eyes or look only into a sefer. Nonetheless, it’s preferable not to pray in such a shul. <Ref>Sh”t Me’at Mayim 1, quoted in Dalet Amot Shel Tefillah (8:5, pg 69) [I personally asked Rav Hershel Schachter about how to leave the kotel hamaarivi if there are minyanim Davening in the way and he answered that it’s permissible to pass-by since a person doesn’t forbid the area of someone else, however, from the perspective of the davener it’s forbidden to cause such an obstacle and one should find a wall. [[ChachamY]]] </ref> | |||
==Sitting within 4 amot of someone davening== | ==Sitting within 4 amot of someone davening== | ||
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# It's forbidden to lean on a Shtender within 4 amot of someone davening. However, if one is only leaning a little and if the Shtender was removed one wouldn't fall, one may be lenient in cases of need. <ref> Mishna Brurah 102:1 </ref> | # It's forbidden to lean on a Shtender within 4 amot of someone davening. However, if one is only leaning a little and if the Shtender was removed one wouldn't fall, one may be lenient in cases of need. <ref> Mishna Brurah 102:1 </ref> | ||
# One shouldn't sit (within 4 amot) even to learn unless, it's behind the one davening and there's a need. <ref> Mishna Brurah 102:6 </ref> | # One shouldn't sit (within 4 amot) even to learn unless, it's behind the one davening and there's a need. <ref> Mishna Brurah 102:6 </ref> | ||
# Some say that one shouldn’t sit in front of someone up to as far as he can see (which is assumed to be up to 266 amot) <ref>S”A 102:1, Sefer Amot Shel Tefillah 2:2 pg 5 writes that the measure of as far as a person can see is 266 or 266 2/3 amot based on Shach Y”D 244:8 </ref>, however, this opinion isn’t totally accepted but the achronim hold that it’s proper to follow this opinion. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 102:9 </ref> | |||
==Interruptions== | ==Interruptions== | ||
