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Shehiya: Difference between revisions
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==Basics== | ==Basics== | ||
# There is a Rabbinic prohibition of shehiya to leave a pot of uncooked food on a stove on Friday afternoon before [[Shabbat]] because one might come to stoke the coals on [[Shabbat]]. <Ref> The Mishna [[Shabbat]] 36b records the prohibition of chazal not to leave uncooked food on the fire before Shabbat. Shulchan Aruch 253:1 codifies this. Rashi explains that the prohibition is based on a concern that one will come to stoke the coals. Rashi also mentions that there is an additional issue of 'Mosif Hevel' (keeping food in a state of raised temperature). Tosfot questions this addition of Rashi because Mosif Hevel is normally associated with the rabbinic prohibition of [[Hatmanah]] and not Shehiyah. Even though technically the gemara is discussing a two pot coal-heated stove (Kirah) see the next | # There is a Rabbinic prohibition of shehiya to leave a pot of uncooked food on a stove or oven on Friday afternoon before [[Shabbat]] because one might come to stoke the coals on [[Shabbat]]. <Ref> The Mishna [[Shabbat]] 36b records the prohibition of chazal not to leave uncooked food on the fire before Shabbat. Shulchan Aruch 253:1 codifies this. Rashi explains that the prohibition is based on a concern that one will come to stoke the coals. Rashi also mentions that there is an additional issue of 'Mosif Hevel' (keeping food in a state of raised temperature). Tosfot questions this addition of Rashi because Mosif Hevel is normally associated with the rabbinic prohibition of [[Hatmanah]] and not Shehiyah. Even though technically the gemara is discussing a two pot coal-heated stove (Kirah) see the next halachot for its applicability to modern day stoves.</ref> | ||
=== Different types of cooking appliances=== | === Different types of cooking appliances=== | ||
# A Kirah was a stove in the times of the Gemara which that had room to hold two pots on top (with the heating element below).<ref> See copy of paper by Rabbi Brand for a detailed description of the different types of "stoves" used in the ancient world: http://www.the-daf.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/Earthenware-Vessels-Kupach-Kira-and-Tanur-Brand.pdf</ref> The Kirah is considered the most lenient of the stoves and it’s permissible to leave food on it on [[Shabbat]] by fulfilling one of five conditions: 1) The fire is covered 2) The food is considered totally cooked 3) The food is totally raw 4) The coals are removed 5) The fuel is straw, stubble or the like (which will be discussed below at length). <ref> S”A 253:1 writes that a Kirah has the resemblance of a large pot and has room for two pots. The five leniencies listed are all sourced in S”A 253:1 but will be discussed below at length. See Laws of [[Shabbat]] (Rabbi Shimon Eider; vol 4 pg 326) for a description and pictures. </ref> | # A Kirah was a stove in the times of the Gemara which that had room to hold two pots on top (with the heating element below).<ref> See copy of paper by Rabbi Brand for a detailed description of the different types of "stoves" used in the ancient world: http://www.the-daf.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/Earthenware-Vessels-Kupach-Kira-and-Tanur-Brand.pdf</ref> The Kirah is considered the most lenient of the stoves and it’s permissible to leave food on it on [[Shabbat]] by fulfilling one of five conditions: 1) The fire is covered 2) The food is considered totally cooked 3) The food is totally raw 4) The coals are removed 5) The fuel is straw, stubble or the like (which will be discussed below at length). <ref> S”A 253:1 writes that a Kirah has the resemblance of a large pot and has room for two pots. The five leniencies listed are all sourced in S”A 253:1 but will be discussed below at length. See Laws of [[Shabbat]] (Rabbi Shimon Eider; vol 4 pg 326) for a description and pictures. </ref> | ||
# A modern day gas stove is | # A modern day gas stove is considered a Kirah (and so requires one of the five requirements to be fulfilled, see further.) <ref> Orchot [[Shabbat]] (vol 1 pg 62), [[Shabbos]] Kitchen (pg 52), and Laws of [[Shabbat]] (Rabbi Shimon Eider; vol 4 pg 327) quoting Rav Moshe and Rav Henkin hold that a modern stove is considered a Kirah. | ||
# A modern day oven is considered a Kirah (and so requires one of the five requirements to be fulfilled.) <ref> Sh”t Igrot Moshe 4:74:26 considers a modern day oven to be considered like a Kirah. This is also the opinion of Orchot [[Shabbat]] (2:15, vol 1 pg 67), Laws of [[Shabbat]] (Rabbi Shimon Eider; vol 4 pg 327), and [[Shabbos]] Kitchen (Rabbi Simcha Bunim Cohen, pg 53). However, Sh”t Az Nidbaru 4:18 considers it be a Tanur based on the heat of a modern oven. </ref> | * Rav Ovadia Yosef (Chazon Ovadia Shabbat v. 1 pp. 48-9) writes that seemingly there shouldn't be any prohibition of shehiya with a gas stove or burner because they didn't exist in the days of Chazal. Since it didn't exist in the days of chazal, perhaps we can't invent a gezerah today to forbid Shehiyah on modern stoves. However, he cites numerous poskim who write that there is a prohibition of Shehiyah with a gas stove. These poskim include: Panim Meirot 1:84, Maharsham 3:165, Maharam Brisk 2:76, and Shoel VeNishal 1:36. In conclusion, Chazon Ovadia pp.49-50 agrees with those who are strict on the matter as he says in order to satisfy the opinion of Maran one should cover the fire. Additionally on p. 44 he writes that nowadays one can be lenient if it is for the day time meal, implying that otherwise not.</ref> | ||
# A modern day oven is considered a Kirah (and so requires one of the five requirements to be fulfilled.) <ref> Sh”t Igrot Moshe (1:93 and 4:74:26) considers a modern day oven to be considered like a Kirah. This is also the opinion of Orchot [[Shabbat]] (2:15, vol 1 pg 67), Laws of [[Shabbat]] (Rabbi Shimon Eider; vol 4 pg 327), and [[Shabbos]] Kitchen (Rabbi Simcha Bunim Cohen, pg 53). However, Sh”t Az Nidbaru 4:18 considers it be a Tanur based on the heat of a modern oven. </ref> | |||
==Covering the fire== | ==Covering the fire== | ||
