Shehiya: Difference between revisions
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===Oven=== | ===Oven=== | ||
# An oven is considered an uncovered fire unless one places a metal 4 sided box into the oven to interpose between the walls and the pot of food to serve as a reminder and some disagree holding that it’s an uncovered fire under all circumstances. <Ref> | # An oven is considered an uncovered fire unless one places a metal 4 sided box into the oven to interpose between the walls and the pot of food to serve as a reminder and some disagree holding that it’s an uncovered fire under all circumstances. <Ref> | ||
* Magen Avraham 253:31 permits Shehiya in an oven because the fire is covered by a cement or clay wall built into the oven based on the | * Magen Avraham 253:31 permits Shehiya in an oven because the fire is covered by a cement or clay wall built into the oven based on the Shulchan Aruch Orach Chaim 253:3 who permits leaving on the fire if there’s an empty vessel separating between the fire and the food. However, the Magen Avraham adds that based on the Maharil (Minhagei Maharil pg 36; see 318:15), Agudah, and Tashbetz 27 the flame must have some interposition such a wooden plank that serves as a reminder besides being covered by metal. The Achronim unanimously agree including Eliyah Rabba 253:31, Tosefet [[Shabbat]] 253:40, Shulchan Aruch HaRav 253:26, Aruch HaShulchan 253:25, Mishna Brurah 253:81, and Chazon Ovadyah ([[Shabbat]] vol 1 pg 50). | ||
* Sh”t Igrot Moshe 4:74:26 considers a modern day oven to be considered like a Kirah. | * Sh”t Igrot Moshe 4:74:26 considers a modern day oven to be considered like a Kirah. | ||
* Seemingly there’s no simple way to make an interposition for the oven in order to leave food in it before [[Shabbat]]. However, Sh”t Igrot Moshe 4:74:27 considers a metal 4 sided box to be an adequate cover and recognition. This is also the opinion of the [[Shabbos]] Kitchen. | * Seemingly there’s no simple way to make an interposition for the oven in order to leave food in it before [[Shabbat]]. However, Sh”t Igrot Moshe 4:74:27 considers a metal 4 sided box to be an adequate cover and recognition. This is also the opinion of the [[Shabbos]] Kitchen. | ||
* However, the Sh”t Minchat Yitzchak 3:28(1) writes that an oven has the status of an uncovered fire even if there metal interposition based on Chazon Ish 37:11 who holds that an empty pot isn’t considered a covering (see above where many disagree with the Chazon Ish). </ref> Some Ashkenazic poskim allow leaving uncooked food in an oven before Shabbat if the buttons or knobs used to raise the temperature are covered with a piece of tape.<ref>Orchot Shabbat 2:15</ref> | * However, the Sh”t Minchat Yitzchak 3:28(1) writes that an oven has the status of an uncovered fire even if there metal interposition based on Chazon Ish 37:11 who holds that an empty pot isn’t considered a covering (see above where many disagree with the Chazon Ish). </ref> Some Ashkenazic poskim allow leaving uncooked food in an oven before Shabbat if the buttons or knobs used to raise the temperature are covered with a piece of tape.<ref>Orchot Shabbat 2:15</ref> | ||
# Many Sephardic poskim are lenient to do Shehiya in an oven from before Shabbat. Some poskim add that one should cover the buttons and other poskim add that one should place a tray or aluminum foil on the bottom of the oven to cover the heating element.<ref> Yalkut Yosef 253:6 writes that it is permitted to do Shehiya into an oven before Shabbat. It is a stringency to cover the buttons. Tefillah LMoshe 1:2 writes that an oven is a covered fire and it is sufficient to cover the knobs to remind oneself not to change the temperature and then it is permitted to do Shehiya into an oven. Or Letzion 2:17:4 writes that one may do Shehiya in an oven if one can cover the heating element with a tray or aluminum foil. Halacha Brurah 253:10 is lenient with the condition of the Or Letzion to cover the bottom of the oven with an empty metal tray.</ref> In order to permit opening the oven door on Shabbat one must make sure that the oven is on "Shabbos mode" or has a light to indicate when the fire is running and open it only then.<ref>Yalkut Yosef 253:7, Tefillah LMoshe 1:2, Or Letzion 2:17:4, Halacha Brurah 253:10</ref> Once one opens the door on Shabbat if the food is uncooked it is forbidden to close the oven door since that enables the food to cook quicker; rather one should make sure not to open the door until the food is completely cooked or one has to remove it from the oven.<ref>Yalkut Yosef 253:6, Tefillah LMoshe 1:2, Or Letzion 2:17:4, Halacha Brurah 253:10</ref> | # Many Sephardic poskim are lenient to do Shehiya in an oven from before Shabbat. Some poskim add that one should cover the buttons and other poskim add that one should place a tray or aluminum foil on the bottom of the oven to cover the heating element.<ref> Yalkut Yosef 253:6 writes that it is permitted to do Shehiya into an oven before Shabbat. It is a stringency to cover the buttons. Tefillah LMoshe 1:2 writes that an oven is a covered fire and it is sufficient to cover the knobs to remind oneself not to change the temperature and then it is permitted to do Shehiya into an oven. Or Letzion 2:17:4 writes that one may do Shehiya in an oven if one can cover the heating element with a tray or aluminum foil. Halacha Brurah 253:10 is lenient with the condition of the Or Letzion to cover the bottom of the oven with an empty metal tray.</ref> In order to permit opening the oven door on Shabbat one must make sure that the oven is on "Shabbos mode" or has a light to indicate when the fire is running and open it only then.<ref>Yalkut Yosef 253:7, Tefillah LMoshe 1:2, Or Letzion 2:17:4, Halacha Brurah 253:10</ref> Once one opens the door on Shabbat if the food is uncooked it is forbidden to close the oven door since that enables the food to cook quicker; rather one should make sure not to open the door until the food is completely cooked or one has to remove it from the oven.<ref>Yalkut Yosef 253:6, Tefillah LMoshe 1:2, Or Letzion 2:17:4, Halacha Brurah 253:10</ref> | ||
===Warming Drawers=== | |||
# One may leave fully cooked food in a warming drawer before Shabbat. According to Ashkenazim it is permitted even if the food is just half cooked.<ref>Shulchan Aruch and Rama 253:1</ref> | |||
# If the food is no fully cooked according to Sephardim or according to Ashkenazim it is not half cooked, it is still possible to leave food in a warming drawer from before Shabbat if one lines the inside of the warming drawer with aluminum foil. Some say that the aluminum foil lining should be visible from the outside. Also, ideally, the knobs should also be covered with multiple pieces of tape.<ref>[https://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/858668/rabbi-ari-zahtz/bishul-b-shabbos-7-shehiya/ Rabbi Ari Zahtz (Bishul BShabbat #7 min 51-54)] explained that according to Rav Moshe it is necessary to line it with foil. Additionally, Rav Mordechai Willig thought that he should line the inside of the warming drawer with aluminum foil so that it could be seen from the outside and also cover the knobs | |||
with multiple pieces of tape.</ref> | |||
===Hot Water Urn=== | |||
#The only way to leave water in a hot water urn from before Shabbat is by turning it on several minutes before Shabbat so that the water reaches at least Yad Soledet Bo before Shabbat. Otherwise the leniencies of covering the fire or using raw meat are inapplicable.<ref> Igrot Moshe 4:74:23 requires that it have time to boil. 39 Melachos fnt. 183 writes that it seems Rav Moshe was concerned that if it was only left on so that the water would become Yad Soledet Bo, although shehiya was avoided, nonetheless if htey took out some water before it boiled that would be forbidden since it would cause the rest of the water to boil quicker. However, he quotes Chazon Ish and Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach who disagreed as long as the water is Yad Soledet Bo, which is the temperature necessary not to violate shehiya (Igrot Moshe 4:74:24).</ref> | |||
===Sous Vide=== | |||
[[Image:Sous vide.jpg|150px|right]] | |||
#Using a sous vide to cook food from before Shabbat is not an issue of hatmana, however, shehiya has to be solved either by placing raw meat in immediately before candle lighting or by cooking the food halfway before Shabbat.<ref>[https://www.ok.org/kosherspirit/fall-2018/sous-vide/ OK Article by Rabbi Levi Schapiro]</ref> | |||
==Cooked food== | ==Cooked food== | ||
