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Shehiya: Difference between revisions
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# One is permitted to leave food on a fire if there is a metal tray or sheet to cover the fire of a regular gas stove. Some authorities add that it’s preferable to also cover the knobs (or remove them). <Ref> | # One is permitted to leave food on a fire if there is a metal tray or sheet to cover the fire of a regular gas stove. Some authorities add that it’s preferable to also cover the knobs (or remove them). <Ref> | ||
*Magan Avraham 253:31 permits Shehiya in an oven because the fire is covered by a cement or clay wall built into the oven based on the S”A 253:3 who permits leaving on the fire if there’s an empty vessel separating between the fire and the food. However, the Magan Avraham adds that based on the Maharil (Minhagei Maharil pg 36; see 318:15), Agudah, and Tashbetz 27 the flame must have some interposition such a wooden plank that serves as a reminder besides being covered by metal. The Achronim unanimously agree including Eliyah Rabba 253:31, Tosefet [[Shabbat]] 253:40, Shulchan Aruch HaRav 253:26, Aruch HaShulchan 253:25, Mishna Brurah 253:81, and Chazon Ovadyah ([[Shabbat]] 1 pg 50). | *Magan Avraham 253:31 permits Shehiya in an oven because the fire is covered by a cement or clay wall built into the oven based on the S”A 253:3 who permits leaving on the fire if there’s an empty vessel separating between the fire and the food. However, the Magan Avraham adds that based on the Maharil (Minhagei Maharil pg 36; see 318:15), Agudah, and Tashbetz 27 the flame must have some interposition such a wooden plank that serves as a reminder besides being covered by metal. The Achronim unanimously agree including Eliyah Rabba 253:31, Tosefet [[Shabbat]] 253:40, Shulchan Aruch HaRav 253:26, Aruch HaShulchan 253:25, Mishna Brurah 253:81, and Chazon Ovadyah ([[Shabbat]] 1 pg 50). | ||
*According to this, a metal covering of the fire which also serves as a reminder would permit the fire to be used. Therefore, Sh”t Igrot Moshe 1:93 writes that a gas stove when covered with a metal sheet, commonly referred to as a Blech, is like a covered Kirah and is permissible. This is also the opinion of Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 1:63 and specifies that the cover should be something that’s not usually used such as asbestos. Sh”t Zera Emet O”C 253:26, Sh”t Maharam Brisk 2:76, Sh”t Tefilah LeMoshe 1:37 (also recorded in Menuchat Ahava Ahava 3:1 in Rabbi Moshe HaLevi), Shem | *According to this, a metal covering of the fire which also serves as a reminder would permit the fire to be used. Therefore, Sh”t Igrot Moshe 1:93 writes that a gas stove when covered with a metal sheet, commonly referred to as a Blech, is like a covered Kirah and is permissible. This is also the opinion of Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 1:63 and specifies that the cover should be something that’s not usually used such as asbestos. Sh”t Zera Emet O”C 253:26, Sh”t Maharam Brisk 2:76, Sh”t Tefilah LeMoshe 1:37 (also recorded in Menuchat Ahava Ahava 3:1 in Rabbi Moshe HaLevi), Shem Chadash (on Yereyim 1 pg 58), Kaf Hachaim 253:11, Sh”t Maharshag 2:50, Sh”t Divrei Chizkiyah 1:2 in name of Mahari Shari, Sh”t Yaskil Avdi O”C 3:10(2), Sh”t Ohel Yosef (Rabbi Yosef Parid; Siman 10), Rav Vosner in Sh”t Shevet HaLevi 1:91, and Chazon Ovadyah ([[Shabbat]] 1 pg 50) concur. | ||
*[Chazon Ish 37:9 argues on the Mishna Brurah from Rashi ([[Shabbat]] 37a s.v. Gaba; quoted by the Tur) who forbids a covering over an empty space and concludes that a covering that’s not normally used and lowers the heat of the fire is considered a covering. Thus, a covering on our modern stove wouldn’t be sufficient. Chazon Ovadyah (vol 1 pg 51), Sh”t Shevet Levi O”C 1:91, Toldot Zev ([[Shabbat]] 2 pg 192) argue on the Chazon Ish that Rashi is referring to a [[cooking]] on [[Shabbat]] in a way that’s usual and so a covering it’s sufficient, however but by Shehiya one only needs a reminder not to stoke the coals and once it’s an unusual interposition it doesn’t need to lower the heat of the fire. See Bach 253:14 s.v. VeDavka and Sh”t Maharam Shik O”C 117 who also make this distinction.] | *[Chazon Ish 37:9 argues on the Mishna Brurah from Rashi ([[Shabbat]] 37a s.v. Gaba; quoted by the Tur) who forbids a covering over an empty space and concludes that a covering that’s not normally used and lowers the heat of the fire is considered a covering. Thus, a covering on our modern stove wouldn’t be sufficient. Chazon Ovadyah (vol 1 pg 51), Sh”t Shevet Levi O”C 1:91, Toldot Zev ([[Shabbat]] 2 pg 192) argue on the Chazon Ish that Rashi is referring to a [[cooking]] on [[Shabbat]] in a way that’s usual and so a covering it’s sufficient, however but by Shehiya one only needs a reminder not to stoke the coals and once it’s an unusual interposition it doesn’t need to lower the heat of the fire. See Bach 253:14 s.v. VeDavka and Sh”t Maharam Shik O”C 117 who also make this distinction.] | ||
* Sh”t Igrot Moshe O”C 1:93, Sh”t Tzitz Eliezer 7:17(3), Sh”t Bear Moshe vol 7, and Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 1 pg 96) add that besides covering the flame it’s preferable to cover the knobs also. Orchot [[Shabbat]] (vol 1 2:9, pg 65) quotes Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach and Rav Elyashiv (who is also quoted by Hilchot [[Shabbat]] Be[[Shabbat]]o pg 197) who hold that a covering of the knobs isn’t necessary if the fire is covered. </ref> | * Sh”t Igrot Moshe O”C 1:93, Sh”t Tzitz Eliezer 7:17(3), Sh”t Bear Moshe vol 7, and Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 1 pg 96) add that besides covering the flame it’s preferable to cover the knobs also. Orchot [[Shabbat]] (vol 1 2:9, pg 65) quotes Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach and Rav Elyashiv (who is also quoted by Hilchot [[Shabbat]] Be[[Shabbat]]o pg 197) who hold that a covering of the knobs isn’t necessary if the fire is covered. </ref> | ||
# Some consider a hotplate or Plaata a covered fire and consider it an uncovered fire. <ref> *Reasons to forbid a Plaata: 1) Sh”t Yaskil LeAvdi O”C 5:34, 6:15 is lenient by a covered stove since the cover is a separate piece but a Plaata is entirely like a coal and there’s nothing covering it (S”A 253:1 rules that one can’t do Shehiya with something directly touching the coals). *2) Sh”t Yaskil Avdi | # Some consider a hotplate or Plaata a covered fire and consider it an uncovered fire. <ref> *Reasons to forbid a Plaata: 1) Sh”t Yaskil LeAvdi O”C 5:34, 6:15 is lenient by a covered stove since the cover is a separate piece but a Plaata is entirely like a coal and there’s nothing covering it (S”A 253:1 rules that one can’t do Shehiya with something directly touching the coals). *2) Sh”t Yaskil Avdi {{ibid}}. adds that there’s an issue that one may come to plug it in because it’s so easy unlike lighting a flame anew which the Rabbi’s didn’t make a Gezerah because it requires preparation and by that time one will remember it’s [[Shabbat]]. [Later on, he retracted because the Minhag was to use it, see Sh”t Yaskil LeAvdi O”C 7:28(8).] Arguments to permit a Plaata: *1) Chazon Ovadyah ([[Shabbat]] 1 pg 52) argues on the first reason because by a Plaata the heat comes from electric current under the metal sheet and so it’s like a covered flame. *2) Chazon Ovadyah and Netivei Am (pg 120-1) argue on the second reason, based on Sh”t Maharam Provinsal 46, and Birkei Yosef 339:7 who write that there’s no Gezerah of coming to write by composing a song as there’s a Gezerah by doing a business transaction because it may come to writing because we don’t extend the Gezerah of the Rabbis on what they didn’t just because it’s easy to come to do a Melacha. [Similarly, Rosh ([[Shabbat]] 24a), Magid Mishna (Chol HaMoad 5:20), Sh”t Rivash 390 in name of Ran, Radvaz (Trumot 1:22; Sh”t Radvaz 1:149), and Bet Yosef (O”C 462) say that nowadays the Rabbis can’t enact new Gezerah’s not enacted by Chazal.] *3) Chazon Ovadyah explains that it should be permissible since a flame is consistent (unlike coals that flicker) and the heat can’t be changed. This reason is also found is Gedolei Tzion 9:11, Mishna Brurah (Beiur Halacha 253:1 s.v. Afilu), Sh”t Tzitz Eliezer 7:16(3), Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 1:25, and Rav Yosef Kapach (commentary on Rambam [[Shabbat]] 3 pg 74). | ||
*Halacha: Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 1:25 for a plaata which one can’t change it’s temperature and it’s not usually used for [[cooking]] is considered a covered fire and doesn’t require another covering. This is also the opinion of Rav Moshe in Sh”t Igrot Moshe 4:74:35 (who emphasizes that it must be impossible to cook on it), Rav Vosner (MeBeyt Levi vol 6, laws of Shehiya #2) Chazon Ovadyah (vol 1 pg 52), Or Letzion (vol 2, 17:1) and [[Shabbos]] Kitchen (pg 52). | *Halacha: Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 1:25 for a plaata which one can’t change it’s temperature and it’s not usually used for [[cooking]] is considered a covered fire and doesn’t require another covering. This is also the opinion of Rav Moshe in Sh”t Igrot Moshe 4:74:35 (who emphasizes that it must be impossible to cook on it), Rav Vosner (MeBeyt Levi vol 6, laws of Shehiya #2) Chazon Ovadyah (vol 1 pg 52), Or Letzion (vol 2, 17:1) and [[Shabbos]] Kitchen (pg 52). | ||
* However, Orchot [[Shabbat]] (2:13, vol 1 pg 66) and Otzrot Ha[[Shabbat]] (pg 100) quotes Rav Elyashiv who requires a covering of thick aluminum even on a Plaata which one can’t change its temperature. </ref> | * However, Orchot [[Shabbat]] (2:13, vol 1 pg 66) and Otzrot Ha[[Shabbat]] (pg 100) quotes Rav Elyashiv who requires a covering of thick aluminum even on a Plaata which one can’t change its temperature. </ref> | ||
