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Shehiya: Difference between revisions
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*[Chazon Ish 37:9 argues on the Mishna Brurah from Rashi ([[Shabbat]] 37a s.v. Gaba; quoted by the Tur) who forbids a covering over an empty space and concludes that a covering that’s not normally used and lowers the heat of the fire is considered a covering. Thus, a covering on our modern stove wouldn’t be sufficient. Chazon Ovadyah (vol 1 pg 51), Sh”t Shevet Levi O”C 1:91, Toldot Zev ([[Shabbat]] 2 pg 192) argue on the Chazon Ish that Rashi is referring to a [[cooking]] on [[Shabbat]] in a way that’s usual and so a covering it’s sufficient, however but by Shehiya one only needs a reminder not to stoke the coals and once it’s an unusual interposition it doesn’t need to lower the heat of the fire. See Bach 253:14 s.v. VeDavka and Sh”t Maharam Shik O”C 117 who also make this distinction.] | *[Chazon Ish 37:9 argues on the Mishna Brurah from Rashi ([[Shabbat]] 37a s.v. Gaba; quoted by the Tur) who forbids a covering over an empty space and concludes that a covering that’s not normally used and lowers the heat of the fire is considered a covering. Thus, a covering on our modern stove wouldn’t be sufficient. Chazon Ovadyah (vol 1 pg 51), Sh”t Shevet Levi O”C 1:91, Toldot Zev ([[Shabbat]] 2 pg 192) argue on the Chazon Ish that Rashi is referring to a [[cooking]] on [[Shabbat]] in a way that’s usual and so a covering it’s sufficient, however but by Shehiya one only needs a reminder not to stoke the coals and once it’s an unusual interposition it doesn’t need to lower the heat of the fire. See Bach 253:14 s.v. VeDavka and Sh”t Maharam Shik O”C 117 who also make this distinction.] | ||
* Sh”t Igrot Moshe O”C 1:93, Sh”t Tzitz Eliezer 7:17(3), Sh”t Bear Moshe vol 7, and Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 1 pg 96) add that besides covering the flame it’s preferable to cover the knobs also. Orchot [[Shabbat]] (vol 1 2:9, pg 65) quotes Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach and Rav Elyashiv (who is also quoted by Hilchot [[Shabbat]] Be[[Shabbat]]o pg 197) who hold that a covering of the knobs isn’t necessary if the fire is covered. </ref> | * Sh”t Igrot Moshe O”C 1:93, Sh”t Tzitz Eliezer 7:17(3), Sh”t Bear Moshe vol 7, and Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 1 pg 96) add that besides covering the flame it’s preferable to cover the knobs also. Orchot [[Shabbat]] (vol 1 2:9, pg 65) quotes Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach and Rav Elyashiv (who is also quoted by Hilchot [[Shabbat]] Be[[Shabbat]]o pg 197) who hold that a covering of the knobs isn’t necessary if the fire is covered. </ref> | ||
# Some consider a hotplate or Plaata a covered fire and consider it an uncovered fire. <ref> *Reasons to forbid a Plaata: 1) Sh”t Yaskil LeAvdi O”C 5:34, 6:15 is lenient by a covered stove since the cover is a separate piece but a Plaata is entirely like a coal and there’s nothing covering it (S”A 253:1 rules that one can’t do Shehiya with something directly touching the coals). *2) Sh”t Yaskil Avdi ibid. adds that there’s an issue that one may come to plug it in because it’s so easy unlike lighting a flame anew which the Rabbi’s didn’t make a Gezerah because it requires preparation and by that time one will remember it’s [[Shabbat]]. [Later on, he retracted because the Minhag was to use it, see Sh”t Yaskil LeAvdi O”C 7:28(8).] Arguments to permit a Plaata: *1) Chazon Ovadyah ([[Shabbat]] 1 pg 52) argues on the first reason because by a Plaata the heat comes from electric current under the metal sheet and so it’s like a covered flame. *2) Chazon Ovadyah and Netivei Am (pg 120-1) argue on the second reason, based on Sh”t Maharam Provinsal 46, and Birkei Yosef 339:7 who write that there’s no Gezerah of coming to write by composing a song as there’s a Gezerah by doing a business transaction because it may come to writing because we don’t extend the Gezerah of the Rabbis on what they didn’t just because it’s easy to come to do a Melacha. [Similarly, Rosh ([[Shabbat]] 24a), Magid Mishna (Chol HaMoad 5:20), Sh”t Rivash 390 in name of Ran, Radvaz (Trumot 1:22; Sh”t Radvaz 1:149), and Bet Yosef (O”C 462) say that nowadays the Rabbis can’t enact new Gezerah’s not enacted by Chazal.] *3) Chazon Ovadyah explains that it should be permissible since a flame is consistent (unlike coals that flicker) and the heat can’t be changed. This reason is also found is Gedolei Tzion 9:11, Mishna Brurah (Beiur Halacha 253:1 s.v. Afilu), Sh”t Tzitz Eliezer 7:16(3), Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 1:25, and Rav Yosef Kapach (commentary on Rambam [[Shabbat]] 3 pg 74). | # Some consider a hotplate or Plaata a covered fire and consider it an uncovered fire. <ref> *Reasons to forbid a Plaata: 1) Sh”t Yaskil LeAvdi O”C 5:34, 6:15 is lenient by a covered stove since the cover is a separate piece but a Plaata is entirely like a coal and there’s nothing covering it (S”A 253:1 rules that one can’t do Shehiya with something directly touching the coals). *2) Sh”t Yaskil Avdi {{ibid}}. adds that there’s an issue that one may come to plug it in because it’s so easy unlike lighting a flame anew which the Rabbi’s didn’t make a Gezerah because it requires preparation and by that time one will remember it’s [[Shabbat]]. [Later on, he retracted because the Minhag was to use it, see Sh”t Yaskil LeAvdi O”C 7:28(8).] Arguments to permit a Plaata: *1) Chazon Ovadyah ([[Shabbat]] 1 pg 52) argues on the first reason because by a Plaata the heat comes from electric current under the metal sheet and so it’s like a covered flame. *2) Chazon Ovadyah and Netivei Am (pg 120-1) argue on the second reason, based on Sh”t Maharam Provinsal 46, and Birkei Yosef 339:7 who write that there’s no Gezerah of coming to write by composing a song as there’s a Gezerah by doing a business transaction because it may come to writing because we don’t extend the Gezerah of the Rabbis on what they didn’t just because it’s easy to come to do a Melacha. [Similarly, Rosh ([[Shabbat]] 24a), Magid Mishna (Chol HaMoad 5:20), Sh”t Rivash 390 in name of Ran, Radvaz (Trumot 1:22; Sh”t Radvaz 1:149), and Bet Yosef (O”C 462) say that nowadays the Rabbis can’t enact new Gezerah’s not enacted by Chazal.] *3) Chazon Ovadyah explains that it should be permissible since a flame is consistent (unlike coals that flicker) and the heat can’t be changed. This reason is also found is Gedolei Tzion 9:11, Mishna Brurah (Beiur Halacha 253:1 s.v. Afilu), Sh”t Tzitz Eliezer 7:16(3), Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 1:25, and Rav Yosef Kapach (commentary on Rambam [[Shabbat]] 3 pg 74). | ||
*Halacha: Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 1:25 for a plaata which one can’t change it’s temperature and it’s not usually used for [[cooking]] is considered a covered fire and doesn’t require another covering. This is also the opinion of Rav Moshe in Sh”t Igrot Moshe 4:74:35 (who emphasizes that it must be impossible to cook on it), Rav Vosner (MeBeyt Levi vol 6, laws of Shehiya #2) Chazon Ovadyah (vol 1 pg 52), Or Letzion (vol 2, 17:1) and [[Shabbos]] Kitchen (pg 52). | *Halacha: Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 1:25 for a plaata which one can’t change it’s temperature and it’s not usually used for [[cooking]] is considered a covered fire and doesn’t require another covering. This is also the opinion of Rav Moshe in Sh”t Igrot Moshe 4:74:35 (who emphasizes that it must be impossible to cook on it), Rav Vosner (MeBeyt Levi vol 6, laws of Shehiya #2) Chazon Ovadyah (vol 1 pg 52), Or Letzion (vol 2, 17:1) and [[Shabbos]] Kitchen (pg 52). | ||
* However, Orchot [[Shabbat]] (2:13, vol 1 pg 66) and Otzrot Ha[[Shabbat]] (pg 100) quotes Rav Elyashiv who requires a covering of thick aluminum even on a Plaata which one can’t change its temperature. </ref> | * However, Orchot [[Shabbat]] (2:13, vol 1 pg 66) and Otzrot Ha[[Shabbat]] (pg 100) quotes Rav Elyashiv who requires a covering of thick aluminum even on a Plaata which one can’t change its temperature. </ref> | ||
