Shehecheyanu: Difference between revisions
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[[Image:Fruit.JPG|200px|right]] | The Beracha of '''Shehechiyanu''' was instituted for uncommon or periodical occurrences and experiences, such as holidays and their mitzvot, fruits in their new season, major purchases, and exciting news. [[Image:Fruit.JPG|200px|right]] | ||
==Shehecheyanu for new fruit== | ==Shehecheyanu for new fruit== | ||
# Chazal enacted Brachat Shehecheyanu for eating a new fruit because it brings a person happiness and should praise Hashem for the opportunity. <Ref> Mishna Brurah 225:10 </ref> Even if you don’t feel a happiness for eating a new fruit, one still should make the Bracha (as we assume that he’s happy inside, even if he doesn’t express this externally). <Ref> VeZot HaBracha (18:1, pg 159) in name of Rav Elyashiv and Rav Chaim Kanievsky </ref> | # Chazal enacted Brachat Shehecheyanu for eating a new fruit because it brings a person happiness and should praise Hashem for the opportunity. <Ref> Mishna Brurah 225:10 </ref> Even if you don’t feel a happiness for eating a new fruit, one still should make the Bracha (as we assume that he’s happy inside, even if he doesn’t express this externally). <Ref> VeZot HaBracha (18:1, pg 159) in name of Rav Elyashiv and Rav Chaim Kanievsky. [https://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/764351/Rabbi_Hershel_Schachter/Inyanei_Rosh_Hashanah Rav Schachter (Inyanei Rosh Hashana, min 25-29)] suggests that really we shouldn't recite the bracha for a new fruit that we're not excited about seeing or eating it in its new season, especially when it is a strange fruit imported from far away.</ref> | ||
===When to make the Bracha=== | ===When to make the Bracha=== | ||
# | # According to some it is preferable to say Shehecheyanu before the Bracha on the fruit, however, the minhag is to make the Bracha on the food and then the Shehecheyanu. <Ref> Halachot Ketanot 1:236 writes that perhaps it is best to recite Shehechiyanu before the bracha on the food so that Shechiyanu isn't an interruption between the bracha and eating. However, he concludes that he should say it earlier like we do for Lulav and Shofar that first we recite the Bracha of the Mitzvah and then the Shehechiyanu. Kaf Hachaim 225:24 cites both opinions but concludes that the minhag is like the Halachot Ketanot to recite the Shehechiyanu after. Halacha Brurah 225:24 and Yalkut Yosef 225:9 agree. Mishna Brurah 225:11 writes that it’s preferable to say Shehecheyanu first in order not to make an interruption between the Bracha and eating. However, Vezot HaBracha (pg 159) writes that the minhag is to make the Bracha on the fruit first. </ref> | ||
# One only makes a bracha on the first time one eats the fruit (that year). <ref> Mishna Brurah 225:13 </ref> | # One only makes a bracha on the first time one eats the fruit (that year). <ref> Mishna Brurah 225:13 </ref> | ||
# If one forgot to make the Bracha before eating, one may make it as long as one has not finish eating; however once one finished, one can’t make a Shehecheyanu on that fruit. <Ref> Mishna Brurah 225:13, Sh"t Besel Chachma 5:27, Vezot HaBracha (pg 160) quoting Rav Elyashiv </ref> | # If one forgot to make the Bracha before eating, one may make it as long as one has not finish eating;<ref>Yakut Yosef 225:8</ref> however once one finished, one can’t make a Shehecheyanu on that fruit. <Ref> Mishna Brurah 225:13, Halacha Brurah 225:23, Sh"t Besel Chachma 5:27, Vezot HaBracha (pg 160) quoting Rav Elyashiv </ref> | ||
===Which fruit require Shehecheyanu?=== | ===Which fruit require Shehecheyanu?=== | ||
# One only makes a Bracha on fruits that grow yearly, however, fruits that grow all year round don’t require a Shehecheyanu. <Ref> | # One only makes a Bracha on fruits that grow yearly, however, fruits that grow all year round don’t require a Shehecheyanu. <Ref> Shulchan Aruch O.C. 225:6, Yalkut Yosef 225:11 </ref> Therefore, some poskim hold that one doesn't recite a bracha on new fruit nowadays since all types of fruits are available all year round.<ref>[http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/827766/Rabbi_Hershel_Schachter/Shiur_# Rav Hershel Schachter on yutorah (Ketubot 57 min 52-4)]</ref> | ||
# The minhag is that one doesn't make a Shehecheyanu on vegetables or upon a nice smell ([[Besamim]]).<ref>Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 59:17</ref> | # The minhag is that one doesn't make a Shehecheyanu on vegetables or upon a nice smell ([[Besamim]]).<ref>Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 59:17</ref> Sephardim hold that one can recite Shehecheyanu on vegetables that are available only seasonally.<ref> Yalkut Yosef 225, Halacha Brurah 225:42</ref> | ||
# Fruit that’s available in the marketplace all year round (because of the refrigeration and transportation) do not require Shehecheyanu, (however it’s preferable to cover it with a Shehecheyanu from another fruit if possible.) <ref> Vezot HaBracha (pg 161) </ref> | # Fruit that’s available in the marketplace all year round (because of the refrigeration and transportation) do not require Shehecheyanu, (however it’s preferable to cover it with a Shehecheyanu from another fruit if possible.) <ref> Vezot HaBracha (pg 161), Halacha Brurah 225:42 </ref> Therefore, it isn't the minhag to recite Shehecheyanu on vegetables since they are generally available all year.<ref>Halacha Brurah 225:42</ref> | ||
# The following fruit don’t require a Shehecheyanu: banana, lemon, lettuce, cabbage, potato, carrot, onion, pear, dates, sunflower seeds, pumpkin seeds, nuts, peanuts, almonds, olives, mushrooms, wine, and grape juice. <ref> Vezot HaBracha (pg 162-3) </ref> | # The following fruit don’t require a Shehecheyanu: banana, lemon, lettuce, cabbage, potato, carrot, onion, pear, dates, sunflower seeds, pumpkin seeds, nuts, peanuts, almonds, olives, mushrooms, wine, and grape juice. <ref> Vezot HaBracha (pg 162-3) </ref> | ||
# The Sefer Vezot HaBracha writes that the general list of fruits in Israel that are considered not available all year round and deserve a Shehecheyanu includes the following (however, in America, it’s very possible that some of these are available all year round; this is from 2009, when the sefer was reprinted but might not apply now): avocado, watermelon, peach, cherry, quince, mango, apricot, grapes, strawberry, plum, cactus fruit, and raspberry. | # The Sefer Vezot HaBracha writes that the general list of fruits in Israel that are considered not available all year round and deserve a Shehecheyanu includes the following (however, in America, it’s very possible that some of these are available all year round; this is from 2009, when the sefer was reprinted but might not apply now): avocado, watermelon, peach, cherry, quince, mango, apricot, grapes, strawberry, plum, cactus fruit, and raspberry. | ||
===Kilayim=== | # There is a dispute whether or not one can recite Shehechiyanu on carobs (buxar) since they don't appear to be a new fruit. If one gets particular enjoyment for seeing the new carobs in their season one can recite the bracha.<ref> Vezot Habracha p. 163</ref> | ||
# Shehecheyanu is not recited on a fruit that was grown through the violation of kilayim (mixing species).<ref>Igros Moshe OC 2:58</ref> | |||
===Hybrid Fruits(Kilayim)=== | |||
# Shehecheyanu is not recited on a fruit that was grown through the violation of kilayim (mixing species).<ref>Igros Moshe OC 2:58 and Kaf Hachaim 225:26. Kaf Hachaim quotes a dispute between the Halachot Ketanot 1:60 and Yavetz 1:63 if someone can recite Shehechiyanu on a fruit that was planted through kilayim since it was created in sin. He concludes that the minhag isn't to recite Shehechiyanu and one should follow that to avoid the dispute.</ref> | |||
==Shehecheyanu for new vegetables== | ==Shehecheyanu for new vegetables== | ||
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# If multiple people purchase new garments, each should recite Shehecheyanu on their own, rather than have one recite it on behalf of everyone. <ref> Sh"t Rivivot Ephraim 1:23:2 </ref> | # If multiple people purchase new garments, each should recite Shehecheyanu on their own, rather than have one recite it on behalf of everyone. <ref> Sh"t Rivivot Ephraim 1:23:2 </ref> | ||
===If it benefits others=== | ===If it benefits others=== | ||
# If the new house, vessel, or clothing also benefit others with a physical benefit, then one should make HaTov VeHaMeitiv, however, if it’s only beneficial to oneself, make Shehecheyanu. <Ref> | # If the new house, vessel, or clothing also benefit others with a physical benefit, then one should make HaTov VeHaMeitiv, however, if it’s only beneficial to oneself, make Shehecheyanu.<Ref>Shulchan Aruch O.C. 223:5, Mishna Brurah 223:21 </ref> | ||
# For buying a new and significant household item (such as air-conditioning or cabinets) the minhag is not to make a HaTov VeHaMeitiv; however, the one who makes the Bracha has nothing to lose. <Ref>Piskei Teshuvot 223:6 </ref> | # For buying a new and significant household item (such as air-conditioning or cabinets) the minhag is not to make a HaTov VeHaMeitiv; however, the one who makes the Bracha has nothing to lose.<Ref>Piskei Teshuvot 223:6 </ref> | ||
# One should make a Shehecheyanu upon buying a new car unless one's family will also use it in which case one should make HaTov VeHaMeitiv. <ref>Sh"t Rivevot Efraim 1:375 in the name of Rav Moshe Feinstein </ref> | # One should make a Shehecheyanu upon buying a new car unless one's family will also use it in which case one should make HaTov VeHaMeitiv.<ref>Sh"t Rivevot Efraim 1:375 in the name of Rav Moshe Feinstein </ref> | ||
# If a boy gives an engagement ring to a girl one of them should recite a Hatov Vehameitiv to exempt both of them since they both benefit with this gift and agreement to get married.<ref>[https://www.yutorah.org/sidebar/lecture.cfm/901709/rabbi-hershel-schachter/berachos-114-54a-haroeh-30-days-having-boys-vs-girls-hatov-vehameitiv-shehechiyanu-dayan-haemes-veahavta/ Rav Hershel Schachter (Brachot Shiur 114 beginning)]</ref> | |||
# If a person received a large gift he should recite shehechiyanu.<ref>Shulchan Aruch O.C. 223:5 rules like the Rosh who holds that for receiving a gift one should recite hatov vehameitiv since it is good for both the giver and recipient. Gra 223:14 s.v. shehiy disputes this point and holds that a shehechiyanu should be recited. Mishna Brurah 223:21 and Halacha Brurah 223:27 agree to recite shehechiyanu. </ref> However, if he's poor and receiving the gift as tzedaka is embarrassing he does not recite a bracha.<Ref>Mishna Brurah 223:20, Kaf Hachaim 223:42, Halacha Brurah 223:27</ref> | |||
===When to make Shehecheyanu=== | ===When to make Shehecheyanu=== | ||
# The halacha is that the Bracha should be made at the time of buying the new clothing; however, the minhag is to make the Bracha when wearing the clothing. <Ref>S”A 223:4, Mishna Brurah 223:17, and Vezot HaBracha (pg 167) write that the halacha is that the Bracha should be made when a person buys the clothing. However, Piskei Teshuvot 223:7 emphasizes that the minhag is to make the Bracha when one first wears it. </ref> | # The halacha is that the Bracha should be made at the time of buying the new clothing; however, the minhag is to make the Bracha when wearing the clothing. <Ref>S”A 223:4, Mishna Brurah 223:17, and Vezot HaBracha (pg 167) write that the halacha is that the Bracha should be made when a person buys the clothing. However, Piskei Teshuvot 223:7 emphasizes that the minhag is to make the Bracha when one first wears it. </ref> | ||
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# Any mitzvah which has a fixed time and only comes irregularly deserves a Shehechiyanu. This includes milah and pidyon haben.<ref>Rambam Brachot 11:9</ref> However, the minhag Ashkenazim isn't to make Shehechiyanu at the milah.<ref>Shulchan Aruch and Rama YD 265:7</ref> | # Any mitzvah which has a fixed time and only comes irregularly deserves a Shehechiyanu. This includes milah and pidyon haben.<ref>Rambam Brachot 11:9</ref> However, the minhag Ashkenazim isn't to make Shehechiyanu at the milah.<ref>Shulchan Aruch and Rama YD 265:7</ref> | ||
# Any mitzvah which has a fixed time every year and isn't common deserves a Shehechiyanu. This includes shofar, sukkah, lulav, chanuka candles, and purim.<ref>Rambam Brachot 11:9</ref> | # Any mitzvah which has a fixed time every year and isn't common deserves a Shehechiyanu. This includes shofar, sukkah, lulav, chanuka candles, and purim.<ref>Rambam Brachot 11:9</ref> | ||
# Some have the minhag to recite a bracha whenever they do the mitzvah the first time such as lighting Shabbat candles the first time, going to mikveh the first time, or putting on Tefillin the first time | # Some have the minhag to recite a bracha whenever they do the mitzvah the first time such as lighting Shabbat candles for the first time, going to mikveh the first time, or putting on Tefillin the first time (if it's at the age of 13 or above).<ref>Rashi Menachot 75b s.v. haya explains that a kohen recites shehechiyanu the first time he ever brings a mincha. Based on this, the Rokeach 371 writes that when performing any mitzva for the first time, one should recite shehecheyanu. Rambam (Pe'er Hador Teshuva 49) agrees. Therefore, the Rama YD 28:2 writes that one recites a shehechiyanu when one does the mitzvah of kisuy hadam the first time in one's life. <br> | ||
Tzitz Eliezer (13:24) writes that this discussion is only relevant if one didn't begin prior to becoming bar mitzva for tefillin or prior to getting married for lighting Shabbat candles. If one began earlier, he certainly would not recite shehecheyanu. Nitei Gavriel Bar Mitzvah 37:6 and Lehoros Nassan 2:9 agree </ref> Most poskim disagree with that minhag.<ref>Tosfot 75b s.v. haya (as well as Tosafot Berachot 37b s.v. haya) explains that shehechiyanu is only for a mitzvah that happens at a certain time during the year. Accordingly, the Shach 28:5, argues on the Rama and says that we follow Tosafot. [http://www.yutorah.org/sidebar/lecture.cfm/894373/rabbi-hershel-schachter/berachos-69-37b-kedimah-in-berachot-toar-lechem-cheerios-mincha-flour-mishmaros-/ Rav Schachter (Brachot Shiur 69)] explained that we follow the Shach. Kaf Hachaim 2:22, Yabea Omer 4:50:5, and Yalkut Yosef Dinei Chinuch Katan pg. 47 also say that the custom is not to recite shehecheyanu for wearing tefillin for the first time </ref> Some poskim recommend that when putting on tefillin for the first time, one should recite the shehecheyanu on a new fruit or a new tallit.<Ref>Biur Halacha OC 22 s.v. koneh, Yechave Daat 2:31, Yalkut Yosef Dinei Chinuch Katan pg. 47</ref> | |||
# On the day of the Bar or Bat Mitzvah a person should try to get a new fruit in order to recite a Shechiyanu and have in mind to exempt the fact that today he is entering into the yoke of mitzvot.<ref>Kaf HaChaim 225:12 and Ben Ish Chai Reeh 17 say that a bar mitzvah boy should wear a new shirt or eat a new fruit on the day he becomes bar mitzvah'ed and have in mind with the [[Shehechiyanu]] that it should also cover his new acceptance of mitzvot. See [[Putting_On_and_Removing_Tefillin#Shehechiyanu|the Tefillin Page]].</ref> | |||
==Sources== | ==Sources== | ||
