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* The Bais Halevi on Parashat Yitro gives his own reason. The gemara says that we were given the torah and not the angels because many mitzvot require performance with the body and angels don't have bodies. We have milk and then we have meat to fulfill simchat [[yom tov]], so we show how our observance of the laws of milk and meat requires physicality.  
* The Bais Halevi on Parashat Yitro gives his own reason. The gemara says that we were given the torah and not the angels because many mitzvot require performance with the body and angels don't have bodies. We have milk and then we have meat to fulfill simchat [[yom tov]], so we show how our observance of the laws of milk and meat requires physicality.  
* The Torat Chaim on Bava Metzia 86b says that we eat dairy based on an Aggada that when Hashem gave us the torah and the angels complained that they should be the ones receiving the Torah, Hashem showed them Avraham, and we are told in Beresheet 18:8 that they ate milk and meat together but the Jews don't eat milk and meat together. see also Yalkut Yosef Moadim page 444 and Noda Biyehuda YD 64.  
* The Torat Chaim on Bava Metzia 86b says that we eat dairy based on an Aggada that when Hashem gave us the torah and the angels complained that they should be the ones receiving the Torah, Hashem showed them Avraham, and we are told in Beresheet 18:8 that they ate milk and meat together but the Jews don't eat milk and meat together. see also Yalkut Yosef Moadim page 444 and Noda Biyehuda YD 64.  
* see [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/744919/Rabbi_Aryeh_Lebowitz/Ten_Minute_Halacha_-_Five_Reasons_for_Eating_Dairy_on_Shavuos Rabbi Aryeh Lebowitz] for elaboration on some of these reasons </ref>
* See [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/744919/Rabbi_Aryeh_Lebowitz/Ten_Minute_Halacha_-_Five_Reasons_for_Eating_Dairy_on_Shavuos Rabbi Aryeh Lebowitz] for elaboration on some of these reasons </ref>
# It is preferable to eat meat at the [[Yom Tov]] meals. While some consider this to be an obligation, others hold that there is no technical requirement to do so. <ref>The Rambam ([[Yom Tov]] 6:18) rules that the Mitzvah of Simchat [[Yom Tov]] is fulfilled through consumption of meat and wine. The Beit Yosef 529:2 asks why the Rambam codifies the consumption of meat on [[Yom Tov]] when the Gemara (Pesachim 109a) states clearly that the mitzvah of Simcha is fulfilled through eating meat only during the time of the Beit HaMikdash, while nowadays the mitzvah is fulfilled through wine alone. Accordingly, the Shulchan Aruch O.C. 529:1 writes that one must have wine at each [[Yom Tov]] meal and makes no mention of the consumption of meat. The Eliyah Rabba 529:6 and Bei’ur Halacha 529 s.v. Keitzad explain that Shulchan Aruch intentionally omitted the obligation to eat meat because of his question in the Beit Yosef.
===Meat on Yom Tov===
* The Yam Shel Shlomo (Beitzah 2:5) answers the Beit Yosef’s question by reinterpreting the Gemara to mean that nowadays, one must have wine in addition to meat, as opposed to the times of the Beit HaMikdash when one could fulfill the Mitzvah through meat without wine. Thus, Mor U’Ketziah 529, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 103:7, Aruch HaShulchan 529:5, and Chazon Ovadia (Yom Tov, p. 319) rule that it is an obligation to eat meat on [[Yom Tov]].
{{Meat on Yom Tov}}
* The Bach 529, however, explains that although there is no obligation to eat meat nowadays, there still is a mitzvah to do so, and one would fulfill the Mitzvah of Simcha thereby. The Magen Avraham 529:3, Shulchan Aruch HaRav 529:7, Mishna Brurah 529:11, and Kaf HaChaim 529:28 agree.
===Practices How to Have Dairy and Meat on Shavuot===
* See also the Sha’agat Aryeh (Siman 65), who argues that Simchat [[Yom Tov]] does not obligate one to eat meat in particular; rather, it is fulfilled by what is subjectively considered enjoyable by each person (see Pesachim 109a). Birkei Yosef 529:4 agrees. Darkei Teshuva 89:19 quotes Rav Chaim of Sanz as disagreeing with the Sha’agat Aryeh. </ref>
#There are various practices as how to eat meat on Shavuot to fulfill simchat Yom Tov as well as eat dairy to fulfill the minhag:
# It is preferable to have meat both at the nighttime and daytime meal of [[Yom Tov]]. Those who have a practice to eat one dairy meal, however, have what to rely on.<ref>The Darkei Teshuva (89:19) mentions a number of minhagim.</ref>
## Some people eat only dairy on Shavuot in order to fulfill the minhag. Many disapprove of this practice.<ref>The Darkei Teshuva disapproves of this practice because he accepts the view of the Rambam that there is an obligation to eat meat on [[Yom Tov]]. See note 1 above.</ref>
## Some people eat only dairy on Shavuot in order to fulfill the minhag. Many disapprove of this practice.<ref>The Darkei Teshuva disapproves of this practice because he accepts the view of the Rambam that there is an obligation to eat meat on [[Yom Tov]]. See note 1 above.</ref>
## Some people eat dairy for the nighttime meal and meat for the daytime meal. Such was the minhag of some gedolim.<ref>This was the practice of the Steipler (Orchot Rabbeinu v. 2 p. 98). The Darkei Teshuva comments that this is reasonable according to the Sha’agat Aryeh’s (Siman 68) view that Simchat [[Yom Tov]] is only d’rabanan at night; however, others disagree with the Sha’agat Aryeh. Otzrot Yosef (Rav Dovid Yosef 13:7) quotes this as a minhag. Rav Hershel Schachter (Bikvei HaTzon p. 81) suggests that Simchat [[Yom Tov]] follows the schedule of [[Korbanot]] for which the night follows the day, implying that eating meat for Simchat [[Yom Tov]] does not apply the first night. Therefore, he said (oral communication) that if one enjoys dairy, one may have a dairy meal for the night of [[Yom Tov]]. This approach is supported by the Sfat Emet ([[Sukkah]] 48a), who writes that Simchat [[Yom Tov]] can be fulfilled with one meat meal, either during the night or day. Rabbi Mordechai Willig (Pesachim Shiur 110, min 40-50) agrees with this reasoning. The Radiance of Shabbos p. 163 fnt. 33 cites Rav Chaim Pinchas Sheinberg as holding that it is only necessary to eat meat during the day.
## Some people eat dairy for the nighttime meal and meat for the daytime meal. Such was the minhag of some gedolim.<ref>This was the practice of the Steipler (Orchot Rabbeinu v. 2 p. 98). The Darkei Teshuva comments that this is reasonable according to the Sha’agat Aryeh’s (Siman 68) view that Simchat [[Yom Tov]] is only d’rabanan at night; however, others disagree with the Sha’agat Aryeh. Otzrot Yosef (Rav Dovid Yosef 13:7) quotes this as a minhag. Rav Hershel Schachter (Bikvei HaTzon p. 81) suggests that Simchat [[Yom Tov]] follows the schedule of [[Korbanot]] for which the night follows the day, implying that eating meat for Simchat [[Yom Tov]] does not apply the first night. Therefore, he said (oral communication) that if one enjoys dairy, one may have a dairy meal for the night of [[Yom Tov]]. This approach is supported by the Sfat Emet ([[Sukkah]] 48a), who writes that Simchat [[Yom Tov]] can be fulfilled with one meat meal, either during the night or day. Rabbi Mordechai Willig (Pesachim Shiur 110, min 40-50) agrees with this reasoning. The Radiance of Shabbos p. 163 fnt. 33 cites Rav Chaim Pinchas Sheinberg as holding that it is only necessary to eat meat during the day.
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# If one went to sleep (or stayed up) in [[Tzitzit]], preferably one should make a Bracha on wearing a [[Tallit]] to cover the Bracha for [[Tzitzit]], however if that’s not possible, one may make a Bracha on those [[Tzitzit]] in the morning, and as one makes the bracha one should shake the [[Tzitzit]] strings. <Ref> S”A 8:16 rules that if one slept in [[Tzitzit]] one may make a new Bracha on it in the morning and at the time of the Bracha one should shake the [[Tzitzit]] strings. Mishna Brurah 8:42 explains that really this issue depends on whether there’s a mitzvah of [[Tzitzit]] at night and so it’s preferable to make the Bracha on a [[Tallit]] and cover the Bracha for [[Tzitzit]]. Piskei Teshuvot 8:30 adds that someone who that option is unavailable, such as bochrim who don’t wear Tallitim, should make the Bracha oneself like S”A. </ref>  
# If one went to sleep (or stayed up) in [[Tzitzit]], preferably one should make a Bracha on wearing a [[Tallit]] to cover the Bracha for [[Tzitzit]], however if that’s not possible, one may make a Bracha on those [[Tzitzit]] in the morning, and as one makes the bracha one should shake the [[Tzitzit]] strings. <Ref> S”A 8:16 rules that if one slept in [[Tzitzit]] one may make a new Bracha on it in the morning and at the time of the Bracha one should shake the [[Tzitzit]] strings. Mishna Brurah 8:42 explains that really this issue depends on whether there’s a mitzvah of [[Tzitzit]] at night and so it’s preferable to make the Bracha on a [[Tallit]] and cover the Bracha for [[Tzitzit]]. Piskei Teshuvot 8:30 adds that someone who that option is unavailable, such as bochrim who don’t wear Tallitim, should make the Bracha oneself like S”A. </ref>  
===Birkot HaTorah===
===Birkot HaTorah===
# For ashkenazim, if one didn’t sleep at all during the night, one shouldn’t recite [[Brachot HaTorah]] but should hear them from someone who is obligated to make them (both must have kavana, and after the Bracha, both learn some pesukim such as Parshat [[Birkat Cohanim]]). <Ref> Mishna Brurah 47:28 </ref> For sephardim, the minhag is to recite these [[berachot]] even if you remained awake all night. <ref> Yabia Omer O.C. 5:6, Yechave Daat 3:33. </ref>
{{Birchot HaTorah for Someone Who Stayed Up}}
# One should not say birkot hatorah until after alot hashachar. <ref> Yalkut Yosef Chelek 1 page 137. </ref>
# If one slept Shinat Kevah the day before staying up all night, one should make the [[Brachot HaTorah]] in the morning after one didn’t sleep. <Ref> Mishna Brurah 47:28 in name of Rabbi Akvia Eiger </ref>


===Birkot HaShachar===
===Birkot HaShachar===
# If one didn’t sleep at all, according to Ashkenazim, one should listen to Elokei Nishama and HaMaavir Shenah from someone who did sleep. <Ref> Mishna Brurah 46:24 </ref> However, the rest of the [[Birchot HaShachar]] one can make oneself. <Ref> Piskei Teshuvot 494:7 </ref> However, according to Sephardim, one may recite these [[brachot]] oneself.<reF>Yalkut Yosef 489:13</ref>
{{Birchot Hashachar for Someone Who Stayed Up}}
# If one can't find anyone to exempt him in Birchot Hashachar he should recite them himself.<ref>Mishna Brurah 46:24 concludes with the opinion of the Pri Megadim and Shaarei Teshuva who think that one can recite it even if one didn't sleep. Aruch Hashulchan 46:13 holds that one can recite Maavir Sheynah and Elokey Neshama even if one didn't sleep.</ref>
# One should not learn after [[Olot HaShachar]] until he said [[Birchot HaShachar]]. <Ref> Mishna Brurah 47:28 </ref>


===Standing for Aseret Hadibrot===
===Standing for Aseret Hadibrot===
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