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Shaliach Tzibur: Difference between revisions
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==Who to appoint as Shaliach Tzibur== | ==Who to appoint as Shaliach Tzibur== | ||
# Any male Jew is fit for being a Shliach Tzibbur as long as the congregation accepts him. <Ref> Rama 581:1 </ref> | # Any male Jew is fit for being a Shliach Tzibbur as long as the congregation accepts him. <Ref> Rama 581:1 </ref> | ||
# In general factors that are important for a Shaliach Tzibbur include: free from sin, good reputation, humble, accepted by the congregation, has a good voice, and is familiar with Tanach.<ref>Tur 53:1. Gemara Taanit 16a lists the following qualities for someone to be a proper Shaliach Tzibbur: a person who has children but doesn't have enough sustenance, free from sin, good reputation, works hard, humble, accepted by the congregation, good voice, is familiar with the text of Tanach, and learns Midrash, Halacha, and Aggada.</ref> | |||
# In general factors that are important for a Shaliach Tzibbur include: free from sin, good reputation, humble, accepted by the congregation, has a good voice, and is | |||
# A sinner shouldn't be a shaliach tzibur even on occasion until he repents.<ref>The [http://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=44981&st=&pgnum=374 Mishpat Tzedek 2:75] writes that a wicked person (''rasha'') can not serve as a shaliach tzibur. He proves it from the fact that a sinner is disqualified as a shaliach tzibbur (Shulchan Aruch O.C. 53:4). Also the leniency of having a less than qualified shaliach tzibbur on occasion is only applicable to a teenager and not a wicked person unless he does teshuva. The Eliya Rabba 53:10ת Olot Tamid 53:7, and Pri Megadim M"Z 53:3 codify the Mishpat Tzedek. See Bach 128:20 who seems to apply the leniency of having a unqualified shaliach tzibur on occasion more generally than a teenager.</ref> | # A sinner shouldn't be a shaliach tzibur even on occasion until he repents.<ref>The [http://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=44981&st=&pgnum=374 Mishpat Tzedek 2:75] writes that a wicked person (''rasha'') can not serve as a shaliach tzibur. He proves it from the fact that a sinner is disqualified as a shaliach tzibbur (Shulchan Aruch O.C. 53:4). Also the leniency of having a less than qualified shaliach tzibbur on occasion is only applicable to a teenager and not a wicked person unless he does teshuva. The Eliya Rabba 53:10ת Olot Tamid 53:7, and Pri Megadim M"Z 53:3 codify the Mishpat Tzedek. See Bach 128:20 who seems to apply the leniency of having a unqualified shaliach tzibur on occasion more generally than a teenager.</ref> | ||
# Sephardim should not serve as a Shaliach Tzibbur of an Ashkenazic congregation unless they agree to let him pray according to his minhag.<ref>Yabia Omer OC 6:10:8</ref> | # Sephardim should not serve as a Shaliach Tzibbur of an Ashkenazic congregation unless they agree to let him pray according to his minhag.<ref>Yabia Omer OC 6:10:8</ref> | ||
===Age=== | |||
# A child should not be a shaliach tzibur. If there is a practice to have a child be shaliach tzibur for arvit there is what to rely upon.<ref>The Mishna Megillah 24a establishes that a child shouldn't serve as a shaliach tzibur. Rashi s.v. hu explains that the reason is because he can't fulfill the obligations of the congregation. Rashba 1:239 cites the Raavad who explains that it isn't respectful to the congregation to have a child be the shaliach tzibur. Rashba agrees with Raavad. (Kol Bo 11 has another reason being that a shaliach tzibur requires an ish as it says Yishayahu 50:2 (see Brachot 6b).) The Bet Yosef 53:10 records a minhag for a child to be the shaliach tzibur on Motzei Shabbat. He says that although it isn't proper and the Avudraham and Rabbi Yitzchak De Leon protested the practice the Bet Yosef presents an explanation for it. There is what to rely upon because according to Rashi in arvit where there is no obligation it is acceptable. Also, according to the Raavad the congregation can forgo their honor. The Shulchan Aruch O.C. 53:10 writes that such a practice doesn't have to be protested. Magen Avraham 53:12 and Taz 53:5 agree. Dagul Mirvava explains that there's no difference between Motzei Shabbat and any night of the week besides Friday night when it is more problematic for a child to be shaliach tzibur since he is exempting people who forgot Mashiv Haruach with Mein Sheva.</ref> | |||
# It is permitted to have a boy that is above 13 who doesn't have a beard be a shaliach tzibur on occasion but he can't be appointed as the shaliach tzibur to daven regularly or even on certain occasions.<ref>The Mishna Megillah 24a implies that a boy above bar mitzvah can be a shaliach tzibur. But Chullin 24b establishes that a boy can't be a shaliach tzibur unless he has a beard. Tosfot Chullin 24b s.v. nitmaleh explains that a child can be a shaliach tzibur on occasion but not appointed or for a tanit. (Tosfot Megillah 24a s.v. eino implies that it is permitted under either condition that it is on occasion or it is not a tanit.) The Rashba Chullin 24b, Ran Chullin 5b s.v. garsinan, Rosh 4:22, Kol Bo 11, Tur and Shulchan Aruch 53:6 accept the Tosfot and allow a bar mitzvah boy to be shaliach tzibur on occasion.</ref> | |||
==Shaliach Tzibur for Yamim Noraim== | |||
# Preferably, the congregation should carefully choose a proper Shliach Tzibbur who is married, thirty years old, and the more he is learned and practices good deeds the better. <Ref> Rama 581:1 </ref> However, someone who is learned and Yireh Shamayim is preferred over someone who lacks these qualities but fits the requirements of being married and thirty years old. <Ref> Mishna Brurah 581:13 </ref> | |||
==Tunes== | ==Tunes== | ||
