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Shabbat Davenings: Difference between revisions
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The principal sanctification of [[Shabbat]] is consummated with the recitation of the "Vayechulu" passage. Based on mystical considerations, the Vayechulu passage is to be recited no less than three times<ref>Kaf Hachaim 268:33</ref> on Friday night. It is recited twice within the course of the Maariv prayer and the again at home as part of the Kiddush.<ref>[[Shabbat]] 119b, Rambam [[Shabbat]] 29:7</ref> We are taught that one who says Vayechulu on Friday night is considered to be a partner with God in creation.<ref>[[Shabbat]] 119b, See Likutei Maharan II:8</ref> So too, it is in merit of the recitation of Vayechulu that one is provided with the two escorting angels<ref>[[Shabbat]] 119b</ref> and additionally all of one's sins are forgiven.<ref>[[Shabbat]] 119b. The Abudraham suggests that the word ‘asher’ which appears three times in the Vayechulu also appears three times in the portion of the red heifer thereby connecting the two, with the Red Heifer being the ultimate source of purity and forgiveness from sin. </ref> | The principal sanctification of [[Shabbat]] is consummated with the recitation of the "Vayechulu" passage. Based on mystical considerations, the Vayechulu passage is to be recited no less than three times<ref>Kaf Hachaim 268:33</ref> on Friday night. It is recited twice within the course of the Maariv prayer and the again at home as part of the Kiddush.<ref>[[Shabbat]] 119b, Rambam [[Shabbat]] 29:7</ref> We are taught that one who says Vayechulu on Friday night is considered to be a partner with God in creation.<ref>[[Shabbat]] 119b, See Likutei Maharan II:8</ref> So too, it is in merit of the recitation of Vayechulu that one is provided with the two escorting angels<ref>[[Shabbat]] 119b</ref> and additionally all of one's sins are forgiven.<ref>[[Shabbat]] 119b. The Abudraham suggests that the word ‘asher’ which appears three times in the Vayechulu also appears three times in the portion of the red heifer thereby connecting the two, with the Red Heifer being the ultimate source of purity and forgiveness from sin. </ref> | ||
So important is this passage, that according to most authorizes, once one has recited Vayechulu one has discharged one's true obligation of reciting Kiddush. The common custom of reciting the Kiddush at home over a cup of wine is essentially a rabbinical enactment and not necessarily a pre-requisite for fulfilling the Torah's mitzva of Kiddush.<ref>Rambam [[Shabbat]] 29:6, Magen Avraham 271:1, but see Rabbi Akiva Eiger ad loc.</ref> Some authorities however do not consider Kiddush properly discharged until it is recited over a cup of wine.<ref>Rashi;Berachot 25b, Rabbi Akiva Eiger, ad loc.</ref> The recitation of Kiddush at home, in addition to repetition of Vayechulu, also recalls the exodus from Egypt. There are several authorities who argue that one has not truly fulfilled the mitzva of Kiddush unless one has made reference to the Exodus in the Kiddush.<ref>Pesachim 117b</ref> | So important is this passage, that according to most authorizes, once one has recited Vayechulu one has discharged one's true obligation of reciting Kiddush. The common custom of reciting the [[Kiddush]] at home over a cup of wine is essentially a rabbinical enactment and not necessarily a pre-requisite for fulfilling the Torah's mitzva of Kiddush.<ref>Rambam [[Shabbat]] 29:6, Magen Avraham 271:1, but see Rabbi Akiva Eiger ad loc.</ref> Some authorities however do not consider [[Kiddush]] properly discharged until it is recited over a cup of wine.<ref>Rashi;Berachot 25b, Rabbi Akiva Eiger, ad loc.</ref> The recitation of [[Kiddush]] at home, in addition to repetition of Vayechulu, also recalls the exodus from Egypt. There are several authorities who argue that one has not truly fulfilled the mitzva of [[Kiddush]] unless one has made reference to the Exodus in the Kiddush.<ref>Pesachim 117b</ref> | ||
It is interesting to note that it may just be that the only reason Vayechulu is repeated after Maariv all year long is simply to ensure that it be recited on a [[Yom Tov]] which would coincide with a [[Shabbat]], in which case the Vayechulu would not have been recited as part of the Maariv Amida.<ref>O.C. 268:7, Tosfot;Pesachim 106a</ref> Similarly, the recitation of Vayechulu at Kiddush is actually not truly required. Rather, it is recited for the benefit of those present who may not yet have heard or recited Vayechulu as is often the case by women and children who don't normally say the Maariv prayer.<ref>Ibid. Ta'amei Haminhagim 289</ref> | It is interesting to note that it may just be that the only reason Vayechulu is repeated after Maariv all year long is simply to ensure that it be recited on a [[Yom Tov]] which would coincide with a [[Shabbat]], in which case the Vayechulu would not have been recited as part of the Maariv Amida.<ref>O.C. 268:7, Tosfot;Pesachim 106a</ref> Similarly, the recitation of Vayechulu at [[Kiddush]] is actually not truly required. Rather, it is recited for the benefit of those present who may not yet have heard or recited Vayechulu as is often the case by women and children who don't normally say the Maariv prayer.<ref>Ibid. Ta'amei Haminhagim 289</ref> | ||
The Vayechulu that is recited following the Maariv Amida is to be recited standing, out loud, and in unison with the rest of the congregation.<ref>O.C. 268:7</ref> The purpose of this recitation of Vayechulu is to serve as a form of testimony, proclaiming our belief that God created the world in six days and rested on the seventh. As such, some authorities require it to be recited with at least another person,<ref>Mishna Berura 268:19</ref> while others call for it to be recited as part of a minyan.<ref>Taz;O.C.268:5</ref> If need be, Vayechulu may be recited while sitting.<ref>Kaf Hachaim 268:36</ref> | The Vayechulu that is recited following the Maariv Amida is to be recited standing, out loud, and in unison with the rest of the congregation.<ref>O.C. 268:7</ref> The purpose of this recitation of Vayechulu is to serve as a form of testimony, proclaiming our belief that God created the world in six days and rested on the seventh. As such, some authorities require it to be recited with at least another person,<ref>Mishna Berura 268:19</ref> while others call for it to be recited as part of a minyan.<ref>Taz;O.C.268:5</ref> If need be, Vayechulu may be recited while sitting.<ref>Kaf Hachaim 268:36</ref> | ||
