Shabbat Davenings: Difference between revisions
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==Kabbalat Shabbat== | ==Kabbalat Shabbat== | ||
# Many sepharadim have the minhag to read the megilla of Shir Hashirim every Friday night. <ref> [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/m/halacha.aspx?id=2504 Rabbi Eli Mansour] see there for potential reasons and importance </ref> | ===Shir Hashirim=== | ||
# The minhag is to say Bemeh Madlikin before [[Arvit]] on Friday night. <ref>Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 76:9</ref> | # Many sepharadim have the minhag to read the megilla of Shir Hashirim every Friday night.<ref> [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/m/halacha.aspx?id=2504 Rabbi Eli Mansour] see there for potential reasons and importance of reciting shir hashirim on Friday night.</ref> | ||
===Bameh Madlikin=== | |||
# The minhag is to say Bemeh Madlikin before [[Arvit]] on Friday night.<ref>Shulchan Aruch O.C .270:1, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 76:9</ref> | |||
# Bemeh Madlikin isn't said if [[Yom Tov]] falls on Friday or [[Shabbat]] or on [[Shabbat]] [[Chol HaMoed]].<ref>Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 76:9</ref>Sephardim don't say Bemeh Madlikin on [[Shabbat]] [[Chanuka]], and if [[Yom Kippur]] falls out on [[Shabbat]]. <ref> Rav Mordechai Eliyahu (comments to Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 76:11)</ref> | # Bemeh Madlikin isn't said if [[Yom Tov]] falls on Friday or [[Shabbat]] or on [[Shabbat]] [[Chol HaMoed]].<ref>Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 76:9</ref>Sephardim don't say Bemeh Madlikin on [[Shabbat]] [[Chanuka]], and if [[Yom Kippur]] falls out on [[Shabbat]]. <ref> Rav Mordechai Eliyahu (comments to Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 76:11)</ref> | ||
# The minhag is to say Mizmor Shir Lyom Hashabbat and Hashem Melech at the end of Kabbalat Shabbat. <Ref>Rivevot Efraim 1:188 writes that saying Mizmor Shir Lyom Hashabbat and Hashem Melech isn't found in the sources that describe kabbalat shabbat including Rav Moshe Kardevero, Yosef Ometz, and the Aruch Hashulchan. However, it is in the Siddur Yavetz.</ref> | ===Mizmor Shir Lyom Hashabbat=== | ||
# The minhag is to say Mizmor Shir Lyom Hashabbat and Hashem Melech at the end of Kabbalat Shabbat.<Ref>Rivevot Efraim 1:188 writes that saying Mizmor Shir Lyom Hashabbat and Hashem Melech isn't found in the sources that describe kabbalat shabbat including Rav Moshe Kardevero, Yosef Ometz, and the Aruch Hashulchan. However, it is in the Siddur Yavetz. Sh"t Rambam (Blau n. 168) records a minhag to recite Mizmor Shir Lyom Hashabbat Friday night and it sounds like it is said before [[Maariv]].</ref> | |||
# If a congregation said kaddish after Mizmor Shir Lyom Hashabbat before Hashem Melech they don't need to say it again after finishing Hashem Melech.<ref>Rivevot Efraim 1:188 explains that once you said kaddish once there is no more establishment to add another one.</ref> | # If a congregation said kaddish after Mizmor Shir Lyom Hashabbat before Hashem Melech they don't need to say it again after finishing Hashem Melech.<ref>Rivevot Efraim 1:188 explains that once you said kaddish once there is no more establishment to add another one.</ref> | ||
===Lecha Dodi=== | |||
# If the entrance isn't to the west one should still turn to the west when one is saying Boyi Kallah, however, if the congregation turns to the door it can make sense since they're doing so for the sake of Shabbat. <ref>Igrot Moshe 3:45</ref> | # If the entrance isn't to the west one should still turn to the west when one is saying Boyi Kallah, however, if the congregation turns to the door it can make sense since they're doing so for the sake of Shabbat. <ref>Igrot Moshe 3:45</ref> | ||
==Friday | ==Friday Night== | ||
# In the Bracha of Hashkivenu (השכיבנו) on Friday night the Sephardic minhag is that one doesn’t conclude the usual way rather starting from ובצל כנפיך תסתירנו one should add ופרוס סכת שלום עלינו ועל ירושלים עירך ברוך אתה ה' הפורס סכת שלום עלינו ועל כל עמו ישראל ועל ירושלים. <Ref>S”A 267:3 </ref> | # In the Bracha of Hashkivenu (השכיבנו) on Friday night the Sephardic minhag is that one doesn’t conclude the usual way rather starting from ובצל כנפיך תסתירנו one should add ופרוס סכת שלום עלינו ועל ירושלים עירך ברוך אתה ה' הפורס סכת שלום עלינו ועל כל עמו ישראל ועל ירושלים. <Ref>S”A 267:3 </ref> | ||
# The minhag is to say VeShamru on [[Shabbat]] and VaYidaber Moshe on [[Yom Tov]] after the [[Brachot]] [[Kriyat Shema]] before [[Shmoneh Esrei]]. <ref>Mishna Brurah 267:9 </ref> | # The minhag is to say VeShamru on [[Shabbat]] and VaYidaber Moshe on [[Yom Tov]] after the [[Brachot]] [[Kriyat Shema]] before [[Shmoneh Esrei]]. <ref>Mishna Brurah 267:9 </ref> | ||
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It is noted that reciting Vayechulu three times on Friday night contains within it deep kabbalistic secrets.<ref>Kaf Hachaim 268:33,35</ref> If one is in the midst of reciting the silent Amida when the congregation about to recite Vayechulu together, one should aim to recite the Vayechulu of one's Amida along with the congregation, if possible.<ref>Halichot Shlomo I 14:5, Tzitz Eliezer 14:24</ref> Talking during the public recitation of Vayechulu is strictly forbidden.<ref>O.C. 268:12, Mishna Brurah 56:1</ref> | It is noted that reciting Vayechulu three times on Friday night contains within it deep kabbalistic secrets.<ref>Kaf Hachaim 268:33,35</ref> If one is in the midst of reciting the silent Amida when the congregation about to recite Vayechulu together, one should aim to recite the Vayechulu of one's Amida along with the congregation, if possible.<ref>Halichot Shlomo I 14:5, Tzitz Eliezer 14:24</ref> Talking during the public recitation of Vayechulu is strictly forbidden.<ref>O.C. 268:12, Mishna Brurah 56:1</ref> | ||
==Me'ayn Sheva== | ===Me'ayn Sheva=== | ||
# The blessing of Magen Avot/me'ayn sheva, recited after the amidah on Friday night, is only said in an established shul. An ad hoc minyan in a home does not recite Magen Avot since it was only established to wait for latecomers and in an ad hoc minyan this isn't a concern.<ref>Shabbat 24b, Shulchan Aruch | # The blessing of Magen Avot/me'ayn sheva, recited after the amidah on Friday night, is only said in an established shul. An ad hoc minyan in a home does not recite Magen Avot since it was only established to wait for latecomers and in an ad hoc minyan this isn't a concern.<ref>Shabbat 24b, Shulchan Aruch O.C. 268:10, Radvaz 4:18</ref> If a minyan is made in a home every Friday night there is a dispute in the poskim if this is enough to require me'ayn sheva. Some contend that the minyan must also have a Torah scroll present in order to recite Magen Avot. <ref>Shulchan Aruch OC 268:10 writes that since me'ayn sheva was only established because of latecomers, if it isn't an established minyan it isn't said. Taz 268:8 writes that a place which was established to daven there sometimes is considered established for the purposes of me'ayn sheva. Mishna Brurah 268:24 based on the Eliya Rabba writes that it is only considered an established minyan if it is established for a few days and has a sefer torah. Rivivot Ephraim 1:190 . See also [http://eretzhemdah.org/newsletterArticle.asp?lang=en&pageid=48&cat=7&newsletter=440&article=1652 Eretz Hemda]. </ref> | ||
# The minhag of the old city of Yerushalayim is to say Magen Avot/me'ayn sheva even at a non-established shul.<ref>Ben Ish Chai (Shana Sheni, Vayera 10) writes that me'ayn sheva can be said even at a temporary shul based on kabbalistic reasons. He writes that this was the minhag of Yerushalayim from the time of the Rashash and he personally extended this minhag to Baghdad. Kaf Hachaim 268:3 quotes this. However, Chazon Ovadia (Aveilut v. 3 p. 41) argues that since it is a question of a bracha levatala it should only be said in the old city of Yerushalayim which because of its holiness is completely like a shul.</ref> | # The minhag of the old city of Yerushalayim is to say Magen Avot/me'ayn sheva even at a non-established shul.<ref>Ben Ish Chai (Shana Sheni, Vayera 10) writes that me'ayn sheva can be said even at a temporary shul based on kabbalistic reasons. He writes that this was the minhag of Yerushalayim from the time of the Rashash and he personally extended this minhag to Baghdad. Kaf Hachaim 268:3 quotes this. However, Chazon Ovadia (Aveilut v. 3 p. 41) argues that since it is a question of a [[bracha levatala]] it should only be said in the old city of Yerushalayim which because of its holiness is completely like a shul.</ref> | ||
==Shacharit== | ==Shacharit== | ||
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# Nishmat is a special tefillah added to pesukei dzimrah on Shabbat.<ref>Kaf Hachaim 281:8 writes about how nishmat is a very special tefillah. There is a segulah if a person is in danger to take upon himself to say Nishmat before ten people if he is saved from that danger. The gematria of the first letters of the first three words adds up to 78 which is 3 times 26. The gematria of the second and third word add up to 68 which is chayim and a combination of 3 of Hashem's names. It is kabbalistically in place of wearing tefillin on Shabbat and therefore it is important that it is said before shema.</ref> | # Nishmat is a special tefillah added to pesukei dzimrah on Shabbat.<ref>Kaf Hachaim 281:8 writes about how nishmat is a very special tefillah. There is a segulah if a person is in danger to take upon himself to say Nishmat before ten people if he is saved from that danger. The gematria of the first letters of the first three words adds up to 78 which is 3 times 26. The gematria of the second and third word add up to 68 which is chayim and a combination of 3 of Hashem's names. It is kabbalistically in place of wearing tefillin on Shabbat and therefore it is important that it is said before shema.</ref> | ||
# In Nishmat, one shouldn't bow when one recites the words "ולך אנחנו מודים" since one shouldn't add to the established institutions of bowing of chazal.<ref>Shulchan Aruch 281:1</ref> | # In Nishmat, one shouldn't bow when one recites the words "ולך אנחנו מודים" since one shouldn't add to the established institutions of bowing of chazal.<ref>Shulchan Aruch 281:1</ref> | ||
# Some stand for the words of Nishmat Kol Chay since one is accepting part of their additional neshama for Shabbat then.<ref>Kaf Hachaim 51:23</ref> | |||
# If someone forgot to say Nishmat in pesukei dzimrah he doesn't need to make it up after davening.<ref>Mishna Brurah 281:3</ref> | # If someone forgot to say Nishmat in pesukei dzimrah he doesn't need to make it up after davening.<ref>Mishna Brurah 281:3</ref> | ||
# There are seven aliyot on Shabbat. According to Sephardim it is permitted to add hosafot<ref>Shulchan Aruch 282:1. See Kaf Hachaim 282:10-11 who writes that because of the Tashbetz it is better not to add hosafot but those who do have what to rely upon. Also, adding hosafot after chamishi which just repeat pesukim is preferable and the minhag of Egypt.</ref>, however, Ashkenazim try not to add hosafot.<ref>Mishna Brurah 282:4</ref> | # There are seven aliyot on Shabbat. According to Sephardim it is permitted to add hosafot<ref>Shulchan Aruch 282:1. See Kaf Hachaim 282:10-11 who writes that because of the Tashbetz it is better not to add hosafot but those who do have what to rely upon. Also, adding hosafot after chamishi which just repeat pesukim is preferable and the minhag of Egypt.</ref>, however, Ashkenazim try not to add hosafot.<ref>Mishna Brurah 282:4</ref> | ||
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==Personal Requests== | ==Personal Requests== | ||
# One should refrain from making any personal requests in [[davening]] on [[Shabbat]] | # One should refrain from making any personal requests in [[davening]] on [[Shabbat]] because that is a violation of having Oneg Shabbat and removing all of one's anxieties on Shabbat.<ref>The Yerushalmi Shabbat 15:3 78b writes that it is forbidden to ask for requests on Shabbat. The Korban Haedah explains that it is because as part of Oneg Shabbat a person should consider that all of his needs are taken care of and making requests shows that isn't the case and it indeed furthers his anxiety. Midrash Vayikra Rabba 34:16 indicates the prohibition of not asking for needs on Shabbat is based on the halacha of Memso Chefsacha, not speaking about one's business on Shabbat. The Yerushalmi is cited by the Ran Shabbat 42b s.v. vedaber and Rosh Brachot 7:22. Shulchan Aruch 188:4 cites a ramification of the Yerushalmi as halacha.</ref> | ||
# If the request is part of the established texts such as the HaRachaman's in [[benching]] it is permitted to recite them on Shabbat. <ref>Yerushalmi Shabbat 15:3 clarifies that reciting the text of Rachem in Birkat Hamazon as one does during the week is permitted since that is the established text of the bracha. This is codified by the Rosh Brachot 7:22 and Shulchan Aruch 188:4. The Mishna Brurah 188:9 extends this to reciting the Harachaman's after Birkat Hamazon.</ref> | |||
# Some say it is permitted to ask for spiritual needs on Shabbat. <ref>Ohel Moed Shabbat 1:4 writes that even though it is forbidden to make requests on Shabbat that is only for matters of business or the like but not for spiritual needs such as Teshuva.</ref> | |||
# Some suggest that this doesn't apply to Yom Tov. <ref>Magen Avraham 128:70</ref> | |||
==If one forgot to say Mincha on Friday afternoon== | ==If one forgot to say Mincha on Friday afternoon== | ||
