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Shabbat Candles: Difference between revisions
From Halachipedia
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==Time to light candles== | ==Time to light candles== | ||
# One should light [[Shabbat]] candles a "short hour" before Shekiyah each place according to its minhag. If there's no minhag in that place, one should light a half hour before shekiyah or at least 20 minutes. <ref> Mishna Brurah 261:23 writes that one should stop doing melacha a half hour or at least 20 minutes before Melacha. Shemirat | # One should light [[Shabbat]] candles a "short hour" before Shekiyah each place according to its minhag. If there's no minhag in that place, one should light a half hour before shekiyah or at least 20 minutes. <ref> Mishna Brurah 261:23 writes that one should stop doing melacha a half hour or at least 20 minutes before Melacha. Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 43:11 writes that this amount of time is when one should light candles. See Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata (43 note 57) where he discusses the minhag in Yerushalim to light 40 minutes before Shekiyah.</ref> | ||
# One should make sure to light close to [[Shabbat]] so that it's recognizable that one is lighting for Kavod [[Shabbat]], however, if one accepts [[Shabbat]] early one may light as early as Plag HaMincha. <ref> How early can one light [[Shabbat]] candles? The Rosh (Brachot 4:6) writes that the earliest time to light [[Shabbat]] candles is Plag Mincha (ten and three quarter hours). The Tur 267:2 writes that this is also the opinion of Tosfot and the Bet Yosef 263:4 writes that this is the opinion of the Rabbenu Yonah and Mordechai. S"A 263:4 rules that one should make sure to light close to [[Shabbat]] so that it's recognizable that one is lighting for Kavod [[Shabbat]], however, if one accepts [[Shabbat]] early one may light as early as Plag HaMincha. </ref> | # One should make sure to light close to [[Shabbat]] so that it's recognizable that one is lighting for Kavod [[Shabbat]], however, if one accepts [[Shabbat]] early one may light as early as Plag HaMincha. <ref> How early can one light [[Shabbat]] candles? The Rosh (Brachot 4:6) writes that the earliest time to light [[Shabbat]] candles is Plag Mincha (ten and three quarter hours). The Tur 267:2 writes that this is also the opinion of Tosfot and the Bet Yosef 263:4 writes that this is the opinion of the Rabbenu Yonah and Mordechai. S"A 263:4 rules that one should make sure to light close to [[Shabbat]] so that it's recognizable that one is lighting for Kavod [[Shabbat]], however, if one accepts [[Shabbat]] early one may light as early as Plag HaMincha. </ref> | ||
==The Bracha== | ==The Bracha== | ||
# A man should have the match ready in hand, make the bracha, and then light the candles; however, women should light the candles, and then make the bracha while covering her eyes or the flame so as not to benefit from the light. <ref> Rama 263:5 writes that the minhag was to light and then make the bracha while covering the flame so as not to benefit from the flame before making the bracha. Buir Halacha D"H Achar Hadlaka brings a dispute whether a man does the same process as a women or not. Shemirat | # A man should have the match ready in hand, make the bracha, and then light the candles; however, women should light the candles, and then make the bracha while covering her eyes or the flame so as not to benefit from the light. <ref> Rama 263:5 writes that the minhag was to light and then make the bracha while covering the flame so as not to benefit from the flame before making the bracha. Buir Halacha D"H Achar Hadlaka brings a dispute whether a man does the same process as a women or not. Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 43:30 rules that a man should first make the bracha and then light. </ref> | ||
==What should be used for candles?== | ==What should be used for candles?== | ||
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# If one can’t get olive oil, one should use wax <Ref> S”A 264:7 </ref> or paraffin candles. <Ref> Menuchat Ahava (vol 1 4:3) writes that the electric candles aren’t worse than wax candles. </ref> | # If one can’t get olive oil, one should use wax <Ref> S”A 264:7 </ref> or paraffin candles. <Ref> Menuchat Ahava (vol 1 4:3) writes that the electric candles aren’t worse than wax candles. </ref> | ||
# If one can’t get oil or wax candles at all one should turn on the electric lights with a Bracha. <Ref> Sh”t Yechave Daat 5:24 </ref> | # If one can’t get oil or wax candles at all one should turn on the electric lights with a Bracha. <Ref> Sh”t Yechave Daat 5:24 </ref> | ||
# It's preferable to light with olive oil, if one doesn't have olive oil, the next best is all other oils that burn with a clear flame, and lastly, wax candles are also acceptable. <ref> S"A 264:6 writes that olive oil is preferable to other oils and Mishna Brurah 264:23 adds that wax candles are inferior to oil candles. So rules Shemirat | # It's preferable to light with olive oil, if one doesn't have olive oil, the next best is all other oils that burn with a clear flame, and lastly, wax candles are also acceptable. <ref> S"A 264:6 writes that olive oil is preferable to other oils and Mishna Brurah 264:23 adds that wax candles are inferior to oil candles. So rules Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 43:4 and Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 1 pg 187). </ref> | ||
# If no candles are available one may light with electric bulbs (incandescent) and make a bracha. <ref> Shemirat [[Shabbat]] Kehilchata 43:4 rules that one has what to rely on to make the bracha on an electric bulb with the qualification that it's lit for kavod shabbat. Rav Ovadyah Yosef (Yalkut Yosef [[Shabbat]] vol 1 pg 188, Yabea Omer OC 2:17) agrees that one can make a bracha on it but emphasizes that it's a last option and that preferably one should have a designation that the bulb is for [[Shabbat]] candles. </ref> | # If no candles are available one may light with electric bulbs (incandescent) and make a bracha. <ref> Shemirat [[Shabbat]] Kehilchata 43:4 rules that one has what to rely on to make the bracha on an electric bulb with the qualification that it's lit for kavod shabbat. Rav Ovadyah Yosef (Yalkut Yosef [[Shabbat]] vol 1 pg 188, Yabea Omer OC 2:17) agrees that one can make a bracha on it but emphasizes that it's a last option and that preferably one should have a designation that the bulb is for [[Shabbat]] candles. </ref> | ||
