Bots, Bureaucrats, Interface administrators, Suppressors, Administrators, wiki-admin, wiki-controller, wiki-editor, wiki-reader
1,190
edits
Shabbat Candles: Difference between revisions
From Halachipedia
no edit summary
No edit summary |
|||
| (6 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Good}} | {{Good}} | ||
[[File:Shabbat_candles.jpg|200px|right]] | [[File:Shabbat_candles.jpg|200px|right]] | ||
There’s an obligation upon every household to have a candle lit for [[Shabbat]]. < | There’s an obligation upon every household to have a candle lit for [[Shabbat]].<ref>Rambam ([[Shabbat]] 5:1) and Shulcham Aruch O.C. 263:2 rule that there’s an obligation to have a candle lit in the house for [[Shabbat]]. </ref> There is a discussion whether [[lighting Shabbat candles]] is part of the mitzvah of [[Kavod Shabbat]] or [[Oneg Shabbat]].<ref>In one place the Rambam ([[Shabbat]] 5:1) writes that [[lighting Shabbat candles]] is considered [[Oneg Shabbat]], whereas in another place (Rambam [[Shabbat]] 30:5) he states that it is included in [[Kavod Shabbat]]. </ref> Either way, [[lighting Shabbat candles]] is a derabbanan mitzvah.<ref>Rambam ([[Shabbat]] 5:1)</ref> | ||
==Procedure== | ==Procedure== | ||
===Beracha=== | ===Beracha=== | ||
| Line 11: | Line 11: | ||
#The practice is the women says a [[prayer]] for her children grow to become Torah scholars. <Ref> The practice to pray for children that will be Torah scholars is based on the Gemara [[Shabbat]] 23b that says in reward for keeping [[Shabbat]] candles, one get children who lighten the world with their Torah. The Magen Avraham 263:11 in name of Rabbenu BeChay says that it is proper for a person to pray for children that will be Torah scholars when lighting the [[Shabbat]] candles. This brought as Halacha in Kaf HaChaim 263:1 and Menuchat Ahava (vol 1 4:3). </ref> | #The practice is the women says a [[prayer]] for her children grow to become Torah scholars. <Ref> The practice to pray for children that will be Torah scholars is based on the Gemara [[Shabbat]] 23b that says in reward for keeping [[Shabbat]] candles, one get children who lighten the world with their Torah. The Magen Avraham 263:11 in name of Rabbenu BeChay says that it is proper for a person to pray for children that will be Torah scholars when lighting the [[Shabbat]] candles. This brought as Halacha in Kaf HaChaim 263:1 and Menuchat Ahava (vol 1 4:3). </ref> | ||
===How many candles?=== | ===How many candles?=== | ||
# The minimum requirement is to have one candle. <Ref> | # The minimum requirement is to have one candle.<Ref> Implied for the language of Rambam ([[Shabbat]] 5:1) and Shulchan Aruch O.C. 263:2. </ref> However, the minhag is to have two candles.<Ref> Shulchan Aruch O.C. 263:1 rules that one should have two candles, one for Shamor and one for Zachor. </ref> | ||
# Some have the minhag to have 7 candles and some have the minhag to have 10 candles. <ref>Magen Avraham 263:2 in name of the Shlah </ref> | # Some have the minhag to have 7 candles and some have the minhag to have 10 candles.<ref>Magen Avraham 263:2 in name of the Shlah </ref> | ||
#Some poskim hold that the minhag that if a woman forgot to light candles one week has a penalty to light an extra candle every week afterwards doesn't apply if the electric lights were lit anyways. However, most poskim disagree and hold that the penalty is relevant even in such a case.<ref>Dor Hamelaktim v. 1 p. 468 quotes many poskim who hold that the kenas applies even if electric lights were still lit including: Kinyan Torah Bhalacha 6:9:3, Shraga Hameir 7:83:1, Tzitz Eliezer 21:11, Shevet Halevi 5:33, Rivevot Efraim 8:123, and Shevet Hakehati 5:266. However, they also quote some poskim who are lenient including Yalkut Yosef and Rav Shmuel Kamenetsky.</ref> | |||
===Where to light=== | ===Where to light=== | ||
| Line 32: | Line 33: | ||
==Obligation of a Guest== | ==Obligation of a Guest== | ||
# A guest who comes to someone else's house for Shabbos and isn't eating meals at their host's house, if he has someone lighting for | # A guest who comes to someone else's house for Shabbos and isn't eating meals at their host's house, if he has someone lighting for him at home, such as a wife or mother, if he has his own room, he should light in his room. If he doesn't have his own room, he is exempt from lighting.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 45:4 based on Shulchan Aruch 263:6 </ref> | ||
# A guest who comes to someone else's house for Shabbos and is eating meals at their host's house, if he has his own own room, he should light with a bracha in his room. However, if he doesn't have his own room he is exempted with the lighting of the host. <ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 45:2</ref> | # A guest who comes to someone else's house for Shabbos and is eating meals at their host's house, if he has his own own room, he should light with a bracha in his room. However, if he doesn't have his own room he is exempted with the lighting of the host. <ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 45:2</ref> | ||
| Line 54: | Line 55: | ||
# Even though all oil that is drawn after wick is kosher for [[Shabbat]] candles, it’s preferable to use olive oil. <Ref> S”A 264:6 </ref> | # Even though all oil that is drawn after wick is kosher for [[Shabbat]] candles, it’s preferable to use olive oil. <Ref> S”A 264:6 </ref> | ||
# If one can’t get olive oil, one should use wax <Ref> S”A 264:7 </ref> or paraffin candles. <Ref> Menuchat Ahava (vol 1 4:3) writes that the electric candles aren’t worse than wax candles. </ref> | # If one can’t get olive oil, one should use wax <Ref> S”A 264:7 </ref> or paraffin candles. <Ref> Menuchat Ahava (vol 1 4:3) writes that the electric candles aren’t worse than wax candles. </ref> | ||
# If one can’t get oil or wax candles at all one should turn on | # If one can’t get oil or wax candles at all, one can use an incandescent bulb and still make a bracha. However, if they only have fluorescent or LED lights (as are most electric lights nowadays), one should turn them on without a bracha <ref> Sh”t Yechave Daat 5:24 says one can make a bracha on electric lights. However, he is only discussing incandescent bulbs, as evidenced by his argument that it has the halachic status of a fire. | ||
There is a minority view attributed to Rav Elyashiv (Hilchos Shabbos BeShabbos pgs. 152-153) that one could make a bracha on any light source, including LED and fluorescent lights. | |||
However, Rav Rimon (Shabbat 3 pg. 242 + 244) notes the majority of poskim would not allow one to make a bracha on an LED or fluorescent bulb as they do not have the halachic status of fire, nor are they comparable to a candle (which has a fuel source and a localized "flame") in the same way that an incandescent bulb is. | |||
</ref> | |||
# It's preferable to light with olive oil, if one doesn't have olive oil, the next best is all other oils that burn with a clear flame, and lastly, wax candles are also acceptable. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 264:6 writes that olive oil is preferable to other oils and Mishna Brurah 264:23 adds that wax candles are inferior to oil candles. This is also the opinion of Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 43:4 and Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 1 pg 187). </ref> | # It's preferable to light with olive oil, if one doesn't have olive oil, the next best is all other oils that burn with a clear flame, and lastly, wax candles are also acceptable. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 264:6 writes that olive oil is preferable to other oils and Mishna Brurah 264:23 adds that wax candles are inferior to oil candles. This is also the opinion of Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 43:4 and Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 1 pg 187). </ref> | ||
===Electric Candles=== | ===Electric Candles=== | ||
see [[Electricity_on_Shabbat#Using_a_light_bulb_for_Shabbat_Candles_and_Havdala|Using a light bulb for Shabbat Candles and Havdala]] | see [[Electricity_on_Shabbat#Using_a_light_bulb_for_Shabbat_Candles_and_Havdala|Using a light bulb for Shabbat Candles and Havdala]] | ||
==How to Move the Candlesticks from the Table== | ==How to Move the Candlesticks from the Table== | ||
# If | # If someone left a permitted item from before Shabbat on the candlestick tray and that item is necessary for Shabbat it is permitted to move the tray off the table after the candles went out since it is a bosis for muktzeh and non-muktzeh.<ref>Muktzeh: A Practical Guide by Rabbi Simcha Bunim Cohen p. 244 cites Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach and others who say that it is permitted to make the tray a bosis for muktzeh and non-muktzeh since the tray isn't designated only for the candles. He cites Rav Wosner who disagreed that it is similar to the candlesticks themselves which are designated to be a bosis for the flame and nothing else so it wouldn't work to make it a bosis for muktzeh and non-muktzeh. Yalkut Yosef Shabbat 5773 v. 4 p. 227 agrees that you could permit the tray by placing a non-muktzeh item there. See [[Kli_SheMelachto_LeIsser]] as to the discussion of whether candlesticks are muktzeh.</ref> Some hold it is isn't valid because a tray is designated for candles.<ref>Rav Wosner cited in the last footnote, Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata 20:64, Igrot Moshe 5:22:11. Dor Hamelaktim v. 3 p. 1514 quotes Emet Lyakov fnt. 594, Rav Elyashiv (Shvut Yitzchak v. 1 p. 196), Rav Wosner (Mbet Levi v. 6 p. 48), Yalkut Yosef (Shabbat v. 1 p. 343), and Shemirat Shabbat Kehilchata 20:64 as strict even to place a permitted item on the candlestick tray since it is designated for candles, while Or Letzion 18:21 and Tzitz Eliezer 12:30 are lenient.</ref> | ||
##Examples of items that you could put on the tray to permit carrying it include a challah, siddur, or knife you will need that Shabbat. | ##Examples of items that you could put on the tray to permit carrying it include a challah, siddur, or knife you will need that Shabbat. | ||
# According to Sephardim it is permitted to move the tray if you make a stipulation before Shabbat that you will use the candlesticks tray after they go out.<ref>Shulchan Aruch 279:4, Chazon Ovadia v. 3 p. 92, Yalkut Yosef Shabbat 5773 v. 4 p. 227. Chazon Ovadia explains that the candlesticks are permitted with a stipulation since they are no longer a bosis. Furthermore they aren't muktzeh machmat chisaron kis since they are a kli shemelachto lheter according to the Ramban, Raavad, Rashba, and Tashbetz.</ref> | # According to Sephardim it is permitted to move the tray if you make a stipulation before Shabbat that you will use the candlesticks tray after they go out.<ref>Shulchan Aruch O.C. 279:4, Chazon Ovadia v. 3 p. 92, Yalkut Yosef Shabbat 5773 v. 4 p. 227. Chazon Ovadia explains that the candlesticks are permitted with a stipulation since they are no longer a bosis. Furthermore they aren't muktzeh machmat chisaron kis since they are a kli shemelachto lheter according to the Ramban, Raavad, Rashba, and Tashbetz.</ref> | ||
==Sources== | ==Sources== | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
[[Category:Shabbat]] | [[Category:Shabbat]] | ||
{{Shabbat Table}} | |||
