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Shabbat Candles: Difference between revisions
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==Obligation of a Guest== | ==Obligation of a Guest== | ||
# A guest who comes to someone else's house for Shabbos and isn't eating meals at their host's house, if he has someone lighting for his at home, such as a wife or mother, if he has his own room, he should light in his room. If he doesn't have his own room, he is exempt from lighting.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 45:4 based on | # A guest who comes to someone else's house for Shabbos and isn't eating meals at their host's house, if he has someone lighting for his at home, such as a wife or mother, if he has his own room, he should light in his room. If he doesn't have his own room, he is exempt from lighting.<ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 45:4 based on Shulchan Aruch 263:6 </ref> | ||
# A guest who comes to someone else's house for Shabbos and is eating meals at their host's house, if he has his own own room, he should light with a bracha in his room. However, if he doesn't have his own room he is exempted with the lighting of the host. <ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 45:2</ref> | # A guest who comes to someone else's house for Shabbos and is eating meals at their host's house, if he has his own own room, he should light with a bracha in his room. However, if he doesn't have his own room he is exempted with the lighting of the host. <ref>Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 45:2</ref> | ||
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* Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 45:11 writes that yeshiva students are considered one large family. Accordingly, one student should light in the cafeteria and thereby exempt the rest of the students from their personal obligation. Additionally, each student should make sure to have a light on in his room and, if necessary, should specifically turn on a light there without a bracha, relying on the bracha made in the cafeteria. He concludes, though, that if a student wants to light in his room with a bracha, he may do so, because essentially each student lives in his personal room and not the cafeteria. Teshuvot Vehanhagot 2:157 and Rav Chaim Pinchas Sheinberg (quoted by The Radiance of [[Shabbos]] p. 9) agree with the Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata’s first approach that one student should light in the cafeteria and the others should light in their rooms without a bracha. | * Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 45:11 writes that yeshiva students are considered one large family. Accordingly, one student should light in the cafeteria and thereby exempt the rest of the students from their personal obligation. Additionally, each student should make sure to have a light on in his room and, if necessary, should specifically turn on a light there without a bracha, relying on the bracha made in the cafeteria. He concludes, though, that if a student wants to light in his room with a bracha, he may do so, because essentially each student lives in his personal room and not the cafeteria. Teshuvot Vehanhagot 2:157 and Rav Chaim Pinchas Sheinberg (quoted by The Radiance of [[Shabbos]] p. 9) agree with the Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata’s first approach that one student should light in the cafeteria and the others should light in their rooms without a bracha. | ||
* Rav Hershel Schachter (quoted in Halachipedia Article 5773 #4) holds that students should light in their rooms with a bracha. He explains that they cannot light in the cafeteria because it is a public area, whereas the dorm rooms are private. Additionally, Rav Schachter argues, one does not fulfill his personal obligation with his parents unless he is going to be home for [[Shabbat]]. Az Nidbru 5:2, [[Shevet Halevi]] 1:52, and Chazon Ovadyah ([[Shabbat]] vol 1, p. 202) agree. </ref> | * Rav Hershel Schachter (quoted in Halachipedia Article 5773 #4) holds that students should light in their rooms with a bracha. He explains that they cannot light in the cafeteria because it is a public area, whereas the dorm rooms are private. Additionally, Rav Schachter argues, one does not fulfill his personal obligation with his parents unless he is going to be home for [[Shabbat]]. Az Nidbru 5:2, [[Shevet Halevi]] 1:52, and Chazon Ovadyah ([[Shabbat]] vol 1, p. 202) agree. </ref> | ||
# If a yeshiva student eats the [[Friday night meal]] at someone's house and not the cafeteria, according to those that he usually fulfills his obligation with the lighting in the cafeteria, this week he wouldn't fulfill his obligation with the lighting in the cafeteria, rather according to some one fulfills his obligation with the lighting of the family that he is eating at. <ref>Piskei Teshuvot 263:11 writes that if the student isn't eating in the cafeteria but is eating in someone's house, seemingly one can't fulfill one's obligation with the candles lit in the cafeteria. Nonetheless, concludes the Piskei Teshuvot, that there's what to rely on the | # If a yeshiva student eats the [[Friday night meal]] at someone's house and not the cafeteria, according to those that he usually fulfills his obligation with the lighting in the cafeteria, this week he wouldn't fulfill his obligation with the lighting in the cafeteria, rather according to some one fulfills his obligation with the lighting of the family that he is eating at. <ref>Piskei Teshuvot 263:11 writes that if the student isn't eating in the cafeteria but is eating in someone's house, seemingly one can't fulfill one's obligation with the candles lit in the cafeteria. Nonetheless, concludes the Piskei Teshuvot, that there's what to rely on the Shulchan Aruch HaRav who holds that by eating at someone's house one becomes like a family member. See the Radiance of [[Shabbat]] (pg 10; by Rabbi Simcha Bunim Cohen) who quotes Rabbi Pinchas Shienberg and Rav Moshe Feinstein who are lenient. </ref> According to Sephardim, he should light in his dorm with a bracha and make sure that it stays lit until he returns from the meal so that he can benefit from the candles.<ref>Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] v. 2, 263:17)</ref> | ||
# The halachot for a girl living in a dorm at seminary is the same as for a boy living in a dorm at yeshiva in regards to Hadlakat Neirot.<ref>Ohr Letzion (vol 2, p 166) in footnote</ref> | # The halachot for a girl living in a dorm at seminary is the same as for a boy living in a dorm at yeshiva in regards to Hadlakat Neirot.<ref>Ohr Letzion (vol 2, p 166) in footnote</ref> | ||
==Time to light candles== | ==Time to light candles== | ||
# One should light [[Shabbat]] candles a "short hour" before [[Shekiyah]] each place according to its minhag. If there's no minhag in that place, one should light a half hour before [[shekiyah]] or at least 20 minutes. <ref> Mishna Brurah 261:23 writes that one should stop doing melacha a half hour or at least 20 minutes before Melacha. Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 43:11 writes that this amount of time is when one should light candles. See Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata (43 note 57) where he discusses the minhag in Yerushalim to light 40 minutes before [[Shekiyah]].</ref> | # One should light [[Shabbat]] candles a "short hour" before [[Shekiyah]] each place according to its minhag. If there's no minhag in that place, one should light a half hour before [[shekiyah]] or at least 20 minutes. <ref> Mishna Brurah 261:23 writes that one should stop doing melacha a half hour or at least 20 minutes before Melacha. Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 43:11 writes that this amount of time is when one should light candles. See Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata (43 note 57) where he discusses the minhag in Yerushalim to light 40 minutes before [[Shekiyah]].</ref> | ||
# One should make sure to light close to [[Shabbat]] so that it's recognizable that one is lighting for Kavod [[Shabbat]], however, if one accepts [[Shabbat]] early one may light as early as Plag HaMincha. <ref> How early can one light [[Shabbat]] candles? The Rosh ([[Brachot]] 4:6) writes that the earliest time to light [[Shabbat]] candles is Plag [[Mincha]] (ten and three quarter hours). The Tur 267:2 writes that this is also the opinion of Tosfot and the Bet Yosef 263:4 writes that this is the opinion of the Rabbenu Yonah and Mordechai. | # One should make sure to light close to [[Shabbat]] so that it's recognizable that one is lighting for Kavod [[Shabbat]], however, if one accepts [[Shabbat]] early one may light as early as Plag HaMincha. <ref> How early can one light [[Shabbat]] candles? The Rosh ([[Brachot]] 4:6) writes that the earliest time to light [[Shabbat]] candles is Plag [[Mincha]] (ten and three quarter hours). The Tur 267:2 writes that this is also the opinion of Tosfot and the Bet Yosef 263:4 writes that this is the opinion of the Rabbenu Yonah and Mordechai. Shulchan Aruch 263:4 rules that one should make sure to light close to [[Shabbat]] so that it's recognizable that one is lighting for Kavod [[Shabbat]], however, if one accepts [[Shabbat]] early one may light as early as Plag HaMincha. </ref> | ||
==What should be used for candles?== | ==What should be used for candles?== | ||
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# If one can’t get olive oil, one should use wax <Ref> S”A 264:7 </ref> or paraffin candles. <Ref> Menuchat Ahava (vol 1 4:3) writes that the electric candles aren’t worse than wax candles. </ref> | # If one can’t get olive oil, one should use wax <Ref> S”A 264:7 </ref> or paraffin candles. <Ref> Menuchat Ahava (vol 1 4:3) writes that the electric candles aren’t worse than wax candles. </ref> | ||
# If one can’t get oil or wax candles at all one should turn on the electric lights with a Bracha. <Ref> Sh”t Yechave Daat 5:24 </ref> | # If one can’t get oil or wax candles at all one should turn on the electric lights with a Bracha. <Ref> Sh”t Yechave Daat 5:24 </ref> | ||
# It's preferable to light with olive oil, if one doesn't have olive oil, the next best is all other oils that burn with a clear flame, and lastly, wax candles are also acceptable. <ref> | # It's preferable to light with olive oil, if one doesn't have olive oil, the next best is all other oils that burn with a clear flame, and lastly, wax candles are also acceptable. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 264:6 writes that olive oil is preferable to other oils and Mishna Brurah 264:23 adds that wax candles are inferior to oil candles. This is also the opinion of Shemirat [[Shabbat]] KeHilchata 43:4 and Yalkut Yosef ([[Shabbat]] vol 1 pg 187). </ref> | ||
# Many poskim hold that if one can’t light with candles, one may light an electric bulb with a bracha. <ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] Kehilchata 43:4 rules that one has what to rely on to make a bracha upon lighting an electric bulb as [[Shabbat candles]]. Rav Mordechai Willig (“The Positive Mitzvos of [[Shabbos]],” min 49-51), Yabia Omer O.C. 2:17, and Rav Henkin (Eidut LeYisrael p. 122) agree. See also The Radiance of [[Shabbos]] (p. 12) who quotes Rav Moshe Feinstein as saying that one should not recite a bracha on an electric light. Shemirat [[Shabbat]] Kehilchata 43:4 rules that one has what to rely on to make the bracha on an electric bulb with the qualification that it's lit for kavod [[shabbat]]. Rav Ovadyah Yosef (Yalkut Yosef [[Shabbat]] vol 1 pg 188, Yabia Omer OC 2:17) agrees that one can make a bracha on it but emphasizes that it's a last option and that preferably one should have a designation that the bulb is for [[Shabbat]] candles.</ref> Some say that this only includes incandescent bulbs and not fluorescent.<Ref>Rav Hershel Schachter (“Lighting [[Shabbos]] Candles,” min 36-7) holds that while one may light an incandescent bulb with a bracha, one may not light a fluorescent or neon bulb with a bracha.</ref> | # Many poskim hold that if one can’t light with candles, one may light an electric bulb with a bracha. <ref>Shemirat [[Shabbat]] Kehilchata 43:4 rules that one has what to rely on to make a bracha upon lighting an electric bulb as [[Shabbat candles]]. Rav Mordechai Willig (“The Positive Mitzvos of [[Shabbos]],” min 49-51), Yabia Omer O.C. 2:17, and Rav Henkin (Eidut LeYisrael p. 122) agree. See also The Radiance of [[Shabbos]] (p. 12) who quotes Rav Moshe Feinstein as saying that one should not recite a bracha on an electric light. Shemirat [[Shabbat]] Kehilchata 43:4 rules that one has what to rely on to make the bracha on an electric bulb with the qualification that it's lit for kavod [[shabbat]]. Rav Ovadyah Yosef (Yalkut Yosef [[Shabbat]] vol 1 pg 188, Yabia Omer OC 2:17) agrees that one can make a bracha on it but emphasizes that it's a last option and that preferably one should have a designation that the bulb is for [[Shabbat]] candles.</ref> Some say that this only includes incandescent bulbs and not fluorescent.<Ref>Rav Hershel Schachter (“Lighting [[Shabbos]] Candles,” min 36-7) holds that while one may light an incandescent bulb with a bracha, one may not light a fluorescent or neon bulb with a bracha.</ref> | ||
