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Seuda Shelishit: Difference between revisions
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==Obligation== | ==Obligation== | ||
# There is an obligation to eat three meals on shabbat, <ref> Mishna Berura 291:1. This is based on the gemara in shabbat 117b which derives from the verse in Shemot 16:25 which mentions the word "hayom" meaning today three times. </ref> and if one missed the meal on friday night, he should eat three during the day. <ref> Rama 291:1 </ref> | # There is an obligation to eat three meals on shabbat, <ref> Shulchan Aruch 291:1, Mishna Berura 291:1, Rambam Shabbat 30:9. This is based on the gemara in shabbat 117b which derives from the verse in Shemot 16:25 which mentions the word "hayom" meaning today three times. The gemara 118b goes through the great rewards for one who eats all three meals on shabbat. </ref> and if one missed the meal on friday night, he should eat three during the day. <ref> Rama 291:1 </ref> | ||
# The obligation of eating the third meal of Shabbat (Seudat Shelishit) is rabbinic. <ref> Mishna Brurah 291:1 | # The obligation of eating the third meal of Shabbat (Seudat Shelishit) is rabbinic. <ref> Mishna Brurah 291:1, Shu"t Maharil 94, Pri Megadim Mishbetzot Zahav 291:1 See Sh"t Tzitz Eliezer 16:13. Maharil 94, Peri Megadim 291 in Mishbetzot Zahav 1 say that it is rabbinic. Pri Megadim Mishbetzot Zahav 291:1 quotes the Levush who says that this obligation is from the torah, even though he himself disagrees. The Sefer Chareidim 14:3 and Maharal quoted by the Taz 472:1 agree with this opinion. </ref> | ||
# Women are obligated in Seudat Shelishit. <ref> S"A 291:6. This is based on Rabbeinu Tam in Sefer Hayashar 70:4 which says that women are obligated because they too were part of the miracle of the manna. The Ran on Shabbat 44a says that it is based on the same source as a woman's obligation in kiddush, that since they are obligated in refraining from melacha, they are also obligated in the mitzvot aseh even if it is only rabbinic. The Aruch Hashulchan 291:4 says that many women are unaware of their obligation and we should work to fix that. </ref> | # Women are obligated in Seudat Shelishit. <ref> S"A 291:6. This is based on Rabbeinu Tam in Sefer Hayashar 70:4 which says that women are obligated because they too were part of the miracle of the manna. The Ran on Shabbat 44a "vikatav" says that it is based on the same source as a woman's obligation in kiddush mentioned in Berachot 20a, that since they are obligated in refraining from melacha, they are also obligated in the mitzvot aseh even if it is only rabbinic. The Aruch Hashulchan 291:4 says that many women are unaware of their obligation and we should work to fix that. </ref> | ||
==Amount to eat== | ==Amount to eat== | ||
# If one is full one should eat at least a [[KeBaytzah]] of bread.<ref> S"A 291:1 </ref> However, if one is unable one should at least have a Kezayit. <ref> Mishna Brurah 291:2, Kaf HaChaim 291:5, Yalkut Yosef (Shabbat vol 1 pg 399) </ref> | # If one is full one should eat at least a [[KeBaytzah]] of bread.<ref> S"A 291:1 </ref> However, if one is unable one should at least have a Kezayit. <ref> Mishna Brurah 291:2, Kaf HaChaim 291:5, Yalkut Yosef (Shabbat vol 1 pg 399) </ref> | ||
# | # This obligation applies even if one is not hungry, <ref> Shulchan Aruch 291:1. Kaf Hachayim 291:3 quotes the Chida saying that one should really make that extra effort because one would normally would eat a meal friday night and shabbat morning anyway so the afternoon meal is the only one that is clearly for the honor of shabbat, and proves that the first two were as well. </ref> but if one can not eat at all then one is not obligated to pain oneself, as this would violate oneg shabbos. Nonetheless, a wise person will see ahead and leave room for Suedat Shelishit. <ref> S"A 291:1 </ref> | ||
# One must eat bread for Seudat Shelishit, however, if one is very full and is unable, then one should eat Mezonot. If that is also impossible one should have food which usually accompany bread such as meat or fish or at least fruit (cooked fruit is preferable). If one doesn't have fruit then one may use a [[Reviyit]] of wine. <ref>Yalkut Yosef (Shabbat vol 1 pg 409) </ref> | # One must eat bread for Seudat Shelishit, however, if one is very full and is unable, then one should eat Mezonot. If that is also impossible one should have food which usually accompany bread such as meat or fish or at least fruit (cooked fruit is preferable). If one doesn't have fruit then one may use a [[Reviyit]] of wine. <ref>Yalkut Yosef (Shabbat vol 1 pg 409) </ref> | ||
# According to Sephardim one should be careful to have two whole loaves of bread for Lechem Mishneh at Seudat Shelishit. However, according to Ashkenazim, it's preferable to have two whole loaves but it's sufficient to have just one whole loaf. <ref>S"A and Rama 291:4. SA is based on Rambam Shabbat 30:9 and Rama based on Tosafot Yoma 79b "minei" </ref> | # According to Sephardim one should be careful to have two whole loaves of bread for Lechem Mishneh at Seudat Shelishit. However, according to Ashkenazim, it's preferable to have two whole loaves but it's sufficient to have just one whole loaf. <ref>S"A and Rama 291:4. SA is based on Rambam Shabbat 30:9 and Rama based on Tosafot Yoma 79b "minei" </ref> | ||
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#If one began eating before sunset he may continue after. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 299:1. Mishna Berura 291:2 says that having said the beracha is enough of a start to your meal to allow one to continue afterwards. Shulchan Aruch says that this only applies to one who is eating, but if he is only drinking not as part of the meal, he may not continue. He also quotes an opinion that this only applies during bein hashemashot but after tzet hakochavim one would not be allowed to continue. Rama says that the minhag is not so, rather one can continue even after tzet hakochavim. </ref> | #If one began eating before sunset he may continue after. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 299:1. Mishna Berura 291:2 says that having said the beracha is enough of a start to your meal to allow one to continue afterwards. Shulchan Aruch says that this only applies to one who is eating, but if he is only drinking not as part of the meal, he may not continue. He also quotes an opinion that this only applies during bein hashemashot but after tzet hakochavim one would not be allowed to continue. Rama says that the minhag is not so, rather one can continue even after tzet hakochavim. </ref> | ||
==Other== | ==Other== | ||
# There is no obligation to do Kiddush at Suedat Shelishit, but it is nice to make a beracha on wine during the meal. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 291:4 says you do not need to say kiddush for seudat shlishit, and Mishna Berura 291:21 adds that it is nice to make the beracha on wine because it enhances the meal. Rambam Shabbat 30:9 says that we establish the third meal with lechem mishne and wine. The Tur 291 says that this sounds like we should say kiddush on seudat shlishit as well, but says that the Rosh disagrees because just like there is only one kiddush at night, so too in the day. The Beit Yosef 291 says since most rishonim hold that we don't say kiddush, it is unnecessary, but you don't lose anything if you do. Rav Avigdor Neventzal in the | # There is no obligation to do Kiddush at Suedat Shelishit, but it is nice to make a beracha on wine during the meal. <ref> Shulchan Aruch 291:4 says you do not need to say kiddush for seudat shlishit, and Mishna Berura 291:21 adds that it is nice to make the beracha on wine because it enhances the meal. Rambam Shabbat 30:9 says that we establish the third meal with lechem mishne and wine. The Tur 291 says that this sounds like we should say kiddush on seudat shlishit as well, but says that the Rosh disagrees because just like there is only one kiddush at night, so too in the day. The Beit Yosef 291 says since most rishonim hold that we don't say kiddush, it is unnecessary, but you don't lose anything if you do. Rav Avigdor Neventzal in the Biyitzchak Yikare edition of the Mishna Berura 291:4 footnote “ein tzarich” says that Rav Shlomo Zalman did drink wine during the meal, and adds that if one person says the beracha out loud, everybody fulfills the rambam that one should establish his meal on wine. </ref> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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