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Sefirat HaOmer: Difference between revisions
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#If one forgot to count at night one can still count during the day without a bracha and continue to count the next night with a bracha.<ref>Shulchan Aruch O.C. 489:7</ref> | #If one forgot to count at night one can still count during the day without a bracha and continue to count the next night with a bracha.<ref>Shulchan Aruch O.C. 489:7</ref> | ||
#If someone forgot until sunset, it is possible to count during ben hashemashot and later that night continue to count with a | #If someone forgot until sunset, it is possible to count during ben hashemashot and later that night continue to count with a bracha. In such a case a person should be careful to continue to count each subsequent day at night and not ben hashemashot. For this purpose a person should only employ the ben hashemashot of the geonim and not rabbenu tam.<ref>Piskei Teshuvot 489:24, Chazon Ovadia p. 238</ref> | ||
#If someone forgot to count until they accepted Shabbat and davened maariv early, it is still possible to count without a bracha, and then continue that night to count with a bracha.<ref>Piskei Teshuvot 489:24 quoting the Shaarei Teshuva, Igrot Moshe 4:99, and Shraga Hameir 6:41 based on Taz 600</ref> | #If someone forgot to count until they accepted Shabbat and davened maariv early, it is still possible to count without a bracha, and then continue that night to count with a bracha.<ref>Chazon Ovadia p. 240, Piskei Teshuvot 489:24 quoting the Shaarei Teshuva, Igrot Moshe 4:99, and Shraga Hameir 6:41 based on Taz 600</ref> | ||
#Sephardim have a minhag to count the sefirat haomer after Shacharit every day so that in case someone forgot they will have fixed it.<ref>Kaf Hachaim 489:80 and Yalkut Yosef 489:25 (Moadim n. 18) write that the minhag is to count the sefirat haomer after Shacharit each day so that if someone forgot to count at night they will have counted during the day and continue the next night.</ref> Ashkenazim don't have that minhag.<ref>Teshuvot Vehanhagot 2:247 writes that the Ashkenazi minhag is not to count each day after Shacharit because doing so would be considered baal tosif to validate the day for sefirat haomer which isn't true according to some rishonim. Rivevot Efraim 1:331 writes that in fact this difference of minhagim appears in the Maharshal (end of Bava Kama n. 44) that in Israel they would count after Shacharit each day but in Bavel they wouldn't.</ref> | #Sephardim have a minhag to count the sefirat haomer after Shacharit every day so that in case someone forgot they will have fixed it.<ref>Kaf Hachaim 489:80 and Yalkut Yosef 489:25 (Moadim n. 18) write that the minhag is to count the sefirat haomer after Shacharit each day so that if someone forgot to count at night they will have counted during the day and continue the next night.</ref> Ashkenazim don't have that minhag.<ref>Teshuvot Vehanhagot 2:247 writes that the Ashkenazi minhag is not to count each day after Shacharit because doing so would be considered baal tosif to validate the day for sefirat haomer which isn't true according to some rishonim. Rivevot Efraim 1:331 writes that in fact this difference of minhagim appears in the Maharshal (end of Bava Kama n. 44) that in Israel they would count after Shacharit each day but in Bavel they wouldn't.</ref> | ||
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==If someone asks the day of the Omer== | ==If someone asks the day of the Omer== | ||
#If someone asks "What day of the Omer is it?" if one hasn't fulfilled one's obligation yet, one should answer that "yesterday was such and such" rather than answering "today is such and such in the Omer" because if one were to do so, then one would fulfill one's obligation without having made the Bracha (and wouldn't be allowed to then say the Bracha). <ref>Shulchan Aruch 489:4 </ref> | #If someone asks "What day of the Omer is it?" if one hasn't fulfilled one's obligation yet, one should answer that "yesterday was such and such" rather than answering "today is such and such in the Omer" because if one were to do so, then one would fulfill one's obligation without having made the Bracha (and wouldn't be allowed to then say the Bracha).<ref>Shulchan Aruch 489:4 </ref> | ||
#If it's before [[Shekiah]] then one may answer the day in the Omer in a straightforward manner and still say that night's Omer with a Bracha. <ref>Shulchan Aruch 489:4 </ref>However, because of a minority opinion that one fulfills one's obligation by counting after Plag [[Mincha]], even before [[Shekiyah]], one should be careful not to answer in a straightforward manner but rather say "yesterday was such and such".<ref>Kaf HaChaim 489:52 quoting Shulchan Aruch 489:15</ref> | #If it's before [[Shekiah]] then one may answer the day in the Omer in a straightforward manner and still say that night's Omer with a Bracha.<ref>Shulchan Aruch O.C. 489:4 </ref> However, because of a minority opinion that one fulfills one's obligation by counting after Plag [[Mincha]], even before [[Shekiyah]], one should be careful not to answer in a straightforward manner but rather say "yesterday was such and such".<ref>Kaf HaChaim 489:52 quoting Shulchan Aruch 489:15</ref> | ||
#If a person asks the day of the Omer and one answered by saying the number of the Omer without saying the number of weeks many authoriites hold that one hasn't fulfilled one's obligation and one should repeat the counting with a Bracha <ref>Sh"t Maharash HaLevi Siman 5 ([http://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=1834&st=&pgnum=16&hilite= see it inside]) argues at length that the mitzvah includes an element of counting the days and an element of counting weeks and if one lacks either one the obligation wasn't fulfilled and one should repeat it with a Bracha. The Mishna Brurah 489:22 (and Shaar HaTziyun 489:28) hold like the Eliyah Rabba who also holds that if one didn't count the weeks one must repeat the counting with a Bracha. </ref>, while others argue that one should repeat the counting without a Bracha <ref>Knesset HaGedolah on Bet Yosef 489 s.v. VaAni </ref>, and some make a compromise to obligate one in repeating the counting with a Bracha on days when a week is completed. <ref>Shaar HaTziyun 489:28 in name of the Pri [[Chadash]] </ref> | #If a person asks the day of the Omer and one answered by saying the number of the Omer without saying the number of weeks many authoriites hold that one hasn't fulfilled one's obligation and one should repeat the counting with a Bracha <ref>Sh"t Maharash HaLevi Siman 5 ([http://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=1834&st=&pgnum=16&hilite= see it inside]) argues at length that the mitzvah includes an element of counting the days and an element of counting weeks and if one lacks either one the obligation wasn't fulfilled and one should repeat it with a Bracha. The Mishna Brurah 489:22 (and Shaar HaTziyun 489:28) hold like the Eliyah Rabba who also holds that if one didn't count the weeks one must repeat the counting with a Bracha. </ref>, while others argue that one should repeat the counting without a Bracha <ref>Knesset HaGedolah on Bet Yosef 489 s.v. VaAni </ref>, and some make a compromise to obligate one in repeating the counting with a Bracha on days when a week is completed. <ref>Shaar HaTziyun 489:28 in name of the Pri [[Chadash]] </ref> | ||
#Some say that if a person answered the number in abbreviation (such as Lag for 33 or Dalet for 4) one has not fulfilled one’s obligation and one should repeat counting the Sefirah with a Bracha. <ref>Sh"t Maharash HaLevi Siman 5 </ref> while others hold that one fulfills one's obligation with an abbreviation and one should not repeat the Omer with a Bracha. <ref>Knesset HaGedolah on Bet Yosef 489 s.v. VaAni </ref> | #Some say that if a person answered the number in abbreviation (such as Lag for 33 or Dalet for 4) one has not fulfilled one’s obligation and one should repeat counting the Sefirah with a Bracha. <ref>Sh"t Maharash HaLevi Siman 5 </ref> while others hold that one fulfills one's obligation with an abbreviation and one should not repeat the Omer with a Bracha. <ref>Knesset HaGedolah on Bet Yosef 489 s.v. VaAni </ref> | ||
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===Getting Married=== | ===Getting Married=== | ||
#The custom is not to get married during the Sefirat Haomer period.<ref>Tur and Shulchan Aruch 493:1, Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg 428 and Kitzur | #The custom is not to get married during the Sefirat Haomer period.<ref>Tur and Shulchan Aruch 493:1, Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg 428 and Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 493:1), Chazon Ovadia (Yom Tov pg. 253-254)and Yabia Omer 3:26. See Nisuin Kehilchatam 5:19 for lengthier discussion. </ref> For exactly when this applies and the different customs, see above [[Sefirat_HaOmer#When.3F|When?]]. | ||
#If a marriage involves a couple with different customs, for example, one side who is Ashkenazic and one side Sephardic, the custom of the husband should be followed. <ref>Chazon Ovadia (Yom Tov pg. 256), Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg. 429), Rav Elyashiv (Piskei Shemuot pg. 59). However, Minchat Yitzchak 4:84 questions this, as following the customs of the husband would only apply after marriage. </ref> | #If a marriage involves a couple with different customs, for example, one side who is Ashkenazic and one side Sephardic, the custom of the husband should be followed. <ref>Chazon Ovadia (Yom Tov pg. 256), Yalkut Yosef (Moadim pg. 429), Rav Elyashiv (Piskei Shemuot pg. 59). However, Minchat Yitzchak 4:84 questions this, as following the customs of the husband would only apply after marriage. </ref> | ||
#If one is invited to a wedding which takes place during a time of the sefira when one's custom is to observe the practices of [[mourning]], and the one who is getting married has the custom that it is permissible to get married then, one should not refrain from going to the wedding because of the sefira.<ref>Rav Moshe Feinstein (Igrot Moshe OC 1:159), Rav Soloveitchik (quoted in Nefesh Harav pg. 192), Rav Schachter ([https://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/857286/rabbi-hershel-schachter/minhagei-sefirah/ Minhagei Sefirah] at ~20 minutes), Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach (Shalmei Simcha page 84 and Halichos Shlomo 11:19), Rav Elyashiv (Ashrei Haish 3:65:30), Rav Yaakov Kamenetsky (Emet L’yaakov 493: note 465), Rav Shalom Messas (Shemesh U’Magen OC 68). Rav Moshe’s rationale is that once a marriage has taken place, it creates an obligation of simcha. For example, a couple who gets married at the end of Nisan is allowed to continue with sheva berachot festivities, which should have been forbidden for the other participants. Additionally, Shulchan Aruch writes that we don’t penalize those who violate the minhag, and there would be no greater penalty than having nobody to celebrate with. <br> | #If one is invited to a wedding which takes place during a time of the sefira when one's custom is to observe the practices of [[mourning]], and the one who is getting married has the custom that it is permissible to get married then, one should not refrain from going to the wedding because of the sefira.<ref>Rav Moshe Feinstein (Igrot Moshe OC 1:159 s.v. heneh, 2:95 s.v. ubdvar), Rav Soloveitchik (quoted in Nefesh Harav pg. 192), Rav Schachter ([https://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/857286/rabbi-hershel-schachter/minhagei-sefirah/ Minhagei Sefirah] at ~20 minutes), Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach (Shalmei Simcha page 84 and Halichos Shlomo 11:19), Rav Elyashiv (Ashrei Haish 3:65:30), Rav Yaakov Kamenetsky (Emet L’yaakov 493: note 465), Rav Nissim Karelitz (Piskei Shemuot p. 58), Rav Shalom Messas (Shemesh U’Magen OC 68), Nitai Gavriel (Pesach 3:51:6). Rav Moshe’s rationale is that once a marriage has taken place, it creates an obligation of simcha. For example, a couple who gets married at the end of Nisan is allowed to continue with sheva berachot festivities, which should have been forbidden for the other participants. Additionally, Shulchan Aruch writes that we don’t penalize those who violate the minhag, and there would be no greater penalty than having nobody to celebrate with. <br> | ||
[https://thehalacha.com/wp-content/uploads/Vol5Issue9.pdf Halachically Speaking Vol. 5 Issue 9] quotes Rav Belsky who points out that one who attends a wedding during the time he is observing the restrictions of sefira may only dance after the chattan and kallah come out because before they come out the dancing is not considered to be making them happy. <br> | [https://thehalacha.com/wp-content/uploads/Vol5Issue9.pdf Halachically Speaking Vol. 5 Issue 9] quotes Rav Belsky who points out that one who attends a wedding during the time he is observing the restrictions of sefira may only dance after the chattan and kallah come out because before they come out the dancing is not considered to be making them happy. <br> | ||
However, Minchat Yitzchak 4:84 disagrees and feels that one may not attend a wedding during their Sefira. <br> | However, Minchat Yitzchak 4:84 disagrees and feels that one may not attend a wedding during their Sefira. <br> | ||
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===Getting Engaged=== | ===Getting Engaged=== | ||
#It's permissible to get engaged during the Sefirah.<ref>Mishna Brura 493:3 </ref> However one may not have musical instruments and one shouldn't dance. <ref>Nitei Gavriel (Pesach v. 3, 51:5), Maamer Mordechai of Rav Mordechai Eliyahu (Sefirat HaOmer #45), Hanisuin Kihilchatam pg. 122 and | #It's permissible to get engaged during the Sefirah.<ref>Mishna Brura 493:3 </ref> However, one may not have musical instruments and one shouldn't dance.<ref>Magen Avraham 493:1, Mishna Brurah 493:3, Rav Shlomo Zalman (Halichot Shlomo 11:18), Nitei Gavriel (Pesach v. 3, 51:5), Maamer Mordechai of Rav Mordechai Eliyahu (Sefirat HaOmer #45), and Hanisuin Kihilchatam pg. 122. Rav Shlomo Zalman permits singing at an engagement party during sefira, but not music and dancing. Yosef Yosef (Moadim p. 430) quotes that Rav Ovadia in Kol Sinai originally permitted music and dancing at an engagement party during sefira, but later changed his mind and held it was forbidden. </ref> | ||
#In general, it is permitted to have meals with friends during the sefira unlike regular mourning. <ref>Shulchan Aruch HaRav 493:1</ref> | #In general, it is permitted to have meals with friends during the sefira unlike regular mourning.<ref>Shulchan Aruch HaRav 493:1</ref> | ||
===Celebrating a Bar Mitzva=== | ===Celebrating a Bar Mitzva=== | ||
