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Second Day of Yom Tov: Difference between revisions
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Outside of Israel we keep a second day of [[Yom Tov]] and even though originally when it was established it was because we weren’t sure about the dates, and nowadays we have an established calendar, the obligation still exists. This is because the rabbis decided that maybe one of the governments ruling over us outside of Israel can decree that we can’t learn torah, and we would get confused with how to set when [[Rosh Chodesh]] is and mistakenly eat chametz on [[Pesach]]. <ref>(Beitza 4b) </ref> | Outside of [[Israel]] we keep a second day of [[Yom Tov]] and even though originally when it was established it was because we weren’t sure about the dates, and nowadays we have an established calendar, the obligation still exists. This is because the rabbis decided that maybe one of the governments ruling over us outside of [[Israel]] can decree that we can’t learn torah, and we would get confused with how to set when [[Rosh Chodesh]] is and mistakenly eat chametz on [[Pesach]]. <ref>(Beitza 4b) </ref> | ||
==Forbidden activities== | ==Forbidden activities== | ||
# Everything that is prohibited on the first day is equally forbidden on the second except to for a sick person who is not in danger of dying. On the first day you can only get healed by a non-Jew but on the second day a Jew can do himself as long as its only violating a rabbinic prohibition but something that is forbidden from the Torah is forbidden even on the second day. <ref> S”A and Rama 496:2 </ref> | # Everything that is prohibited on the first day is equally forbidden on the second except to for a sick person who is not in danger of dying. On the first day you can only get healed by a non-Jew but on the second day a Jew can do himself as long as its only violating a rabbinic prohibition but something that is forbidden from the Torah is forbidden even on the second day. <ref> S”A and Rama 496:2 </ref> | ||
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==Halachot of an Israeli outside of Israel== | ==Halachot of an Israeli outside of Israel== | ||
===Forbidden activities=== | ===Forbidden activities=== | ||
# An Israeli who leaves Israel and plans on returning, is forbidden from doing melacha. <ref> S”A 468:3 </ref> | # An Israeli who leaves [[Israel]] and plans on returning, is forbidden from doing melacha. <ref> S”A 468:3 </ref> | ||
# Some say that this is only melacha in public <ref> Sh”t Avkat Rochel (Rav Yosef Karo; Siman 26), Sh”t Mabit 3:149, Taz 496:3 </ref> while most say that this includes even doing melacha in private <ref> Tosfot Pesachim 52a s.v. BeYishuv, Sh”t Radvaz 4:73, 4:258, Sh”t Maharashdam 15, Sh”t Mishpat Tzedek 2:49, Magan Avraham 496:4, Birkei Yosef 496:3, Mishna Brurah 496:9, Chazon Ovadyah ([[Yom Tov]] pg 111) </ref> | # Some say that this is only melacha in public <ref> Sh”t Avkat Rochel (Rav Yosef Karo; Siman 26), Sh”t Mabit 3:149, Taz 496:3 </ref> while most say that this includes even doing melacha in private <ref> Tosfot Pesachim 52a s.v. BeYishuv, Sh”t Radvaz 4:73, 4:258, Sh”t Maharashdam 15, Sh”t Mishpat Tzedek 2:49, Magan Avraham 496:4, Birkei Yosef 496:3, Mishna Brurah 496:9, Chazon Ovadyah ([[Yom Tov]] pg 111) </ref> | ||
# There is what to rely on for an Isreali who is outside Israel on the second day of [[Yom Tov]] in private to carry [[muktzeh]] on [[Yom Tov]], light a match, or turn on a light. <ref>Sh"t Igrot Moshe OC 4:105 permits turning on or off a light in private since when people see the light turn on and off they think it’s on an automatic clock. Chazon Ovadyah ([[Yom Tov]] pg 111-2) writes that even though one should be strict in general, one can be lenient regarding [[Muktzeh]], lighting matches, and turning on a light because there is a dispute whether such is permissible on [[Yom Tov]] in general. Sh”t Shevet HaLevi 7:65 writes the same logic regarding [[Muktzeh]]. </ref> | # There is what to rely on for an Isreali who is outside [[Israel]] on the second day of [[Yom Tov]] in private to carry [[muktzeh]] on [[Yom Tov]], light a match, or turn on a light. <ref>Sh"t Igrot Moshe OC 4:105 permits turning on or off a light in private since when people see the light turn on and off they think it’s on an automatic clock. Chazon Ovadyah ([[Yom Tov]] pg 111-2) writes that even though one should be strict in general, one can be lenient regarding [[Muktzeh]], lighting matches, and turning on a light because there is a dispute whether such is permissible on [[Yom Tov]] in general. Sh”t Shevet HaLevi 7:65 writes the same logic regarding [[Muktzeh]]. </ref> | ||
# If the first day of [[Yom Tov]] falls out on [[Shabbat]] an Israeli may light a candle for [[Havdalah]]. <Ref> Sh”t Shevet HaLevi 7:65 </ref> | # If the first day of [[Yom Tov]] falls out on [[Shabbat]] an Israeli may light a candle for [[Havdalah]]. <Ref> Sh”t Shevet HaLevi 7:65 </ref> | ||
# If [[Yom tov sheni]] falls out on a Friday he doesn’t have to do an [[Eruv Tavshilin]] because when people see him [[cooking]] on Friday for [[Shabbat]] they don’t know whether or not he did an [[Eruv Tavshilin]]. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 496:13 </ref> | # If [[Yom tov sheni]] falls out on a Friday he doesn’t have to do an [[Eruv Tavshilin]] because when people see him [[cooking]] on Friday for [[Shabbat]] they don’t know whether or not he did an [[Eruv Tavshilin]]. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 496:13 </ref> | ||
If he owns a factory outside of Israel that is run by non-jews he is allowed to let them work on the second day since it is technically a weekday for him. <ref> Chazon Ovadia page 130, Shmirat [[Shabbat]] Kihilchata 31:80 </ref> | If he owns a factory outside of [[Israel]] that is run by non-jews he is allowed to let them work on the second day since it is technically a weekday for him. <ref> Chazon Ovadia page 130, Shmirat [[Shabbat]] Kihilchata 31:80 </ref> | ||
===Prayers=== | ===Prayers=== | ||
# With regards to [[prayers]], if it’s the second day of [[Shavuot]], or the eighth day of [[pesach]], or 9th of succot he should put [[tefillin]] on at home, say Kriat Shema, and then go to shul to pray with them. He should pray the weekday [[prayer]] or if it’s the second day of [[pesach]] or succot then [[chol hamoed]] because nobody can tell which shmoneh esrei he’s saying. <Ref> Mishna Brurah 496:13, Chazon Ovadyah (Hilchot [[Yom Tov]] pg 112), Sh"t Yechave Daat 3:35 </ref> | # With regards to [[prayers]], if it’s the second day of [[Shavuot]], or the eighth day of [[pesach]], or 9th of succot he should put [[tefillin]] on at home, say Kriat Shema, and then go to shul to pray with them. He should pray the weekday [[prayer]] or if it’s the second day of [[pesach]] or succot then [[chol hamoed]] because nobody can tell which shmoneh esrei he’s saying. <Ref> Mishna Brurah 496:13, Chazon Ovadyah (Hilchot [[Yom Tov]] pg 112), Sh"t Yechave Daat 3:35 </ref> | ||
# When they say [[hallel]] he should say it along with them without a beracha and by skipping the paragraphs one does on [[Rosh Chodesh]], and when they say [[Mussaf]], if its [[chol hamoed]] for him he says [[Mussaf]] but say “et yom mikra kodesh” instead of “et [[Yom Tov]] mikra kodesh”, and if it’s a regular weekday he should just say a few chapters of tehillim and pretend to say the shmoneh esrei. <Ref> Chazon Ovadia (Hilchot [[Yom Tov]] page 111-4) </ref> | # When they say [[hallel]] he should say it along with them without a beracha and by skipping the paragraphs one does on [[Rosh Chodesh]], and when they say [[Mussaf]], if its [[chol hamoed]] for him he says [[Mussaf]] but say “et yom mikra kodesh” instead of “et [[Yom Tov]] mikra kodesh”, and if it’s a regular weekday he should just say a few chapters of tehillim and pretend to say the shmoneh esrei. <Ref> Chazon Ovadia (Hilchot [[Yom Tov]] page 111-4) </ref> | ||
# It is forbidden for Israelis outside of Israel to organize a [[minyan]] for weekday, however, if the second day of [[Yom Tov]] is [[Shabbat]] it’s permissible for Israelis to form a [[minyan]] but the Shaliach Tzibbur shouldn’t raise his voice so that it’s heard outside. <Ref> Chazon Ovadia (Hilchot [[Yom Tov]] page 115), [[Yom Tov]] Kihilchato (page 67) </ref> | # It is forbidden for Israelis outside of [[Israel]] to organize a [[minyan]] for weekday, however, if the second day of [[Yom Tov]] is [[Shabbat]] it’s permissible for Israelis to form a [[minyan]] but the Shaliach Tzibbur shouldn’t raise his voice so that it’s heard outside. <Ref> Chazon Ovadia (Hilchot [[Yom Tov]] page 115), [[Yom Tov]] Kihilchato (page 67) </ref> | ||
# If an Israeli is outside Israel for the second day of [[Yom Tov]] he can't say [[Kiddush]] for someone who is observing two days of [[Yom Tov]]. <ref>[http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/753609/HaRav_Shlomo_Amar/Halachic_Issues_of_Areivut Rav Shlomo Amar on yutorah.org] (about min 25) in a shiur on Arievut given at Yeshiva University</ref> | # If an Israeli is outside [[Israel]] for the second day of [[Yom Tov]] he can't say [[Kiddush]] for someone who is observing two days of [[Yom Tov]]. <ref>[http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/753609/HaRav_Shlomo_Amar/Halachic_Issues_of_Areivut Rav Shlomo Amar on yutorah.org] (about min 25) in a shiur on Arievut given at Yeshiva University</ref> | ||
# If an Israeli is outside Israel for the second day of [[Yom Tov]] he should not receive an Aliyah. If he is the only Kohen in the [[minyan]], a Levi or Yisrael should be called up in his place and it's preferable for the Kohen to leave the shul. If he's not the only Kohen, then a different Kohen should be called up. <ref>Kitzur S"A 23:16</ref>Some say that after the fact if he was called up he should take the Aliyah.<ref>Rav Mordechai's comments on Kitzur S"A 23:9</ref> | # If an Israeli is outside [[Israel]] for the second day of [[Yom Tov]] he should not receive an Aliyah. If he is the only Kohen in the [[minyan]], a Levi or Yisrael should be called up in his place and it's preferable for the Kohen to leave the shul. If he's not the only Kohen, then a different Kohen should be called up. <ref>Kitzur S"A 23:16</ref>Some say that after the fact if he was called up he should take the Aliyah.<ref>Rav Mordechai's comments on Kitzur S"A 23:9</ref> | ||
==Halachot of a Jew from Diaspora in Israel== | ==Halachot of a Jew from Diaspora in Israel== | ||
# However, it is permissible for non-Israelis to make a [[minyan]] for [[Yom Tov]] sheni in Israel because that is already an established custom. <Ref>Sh"t Avkat Rochel 26, [[Yom Tov]] Kihilchato (page 67) </ref> | # However, it is permissible for non-Israelis to make a [[minyan]] for [[Yom Tov]] sheni in [[Israel]] because that is already an established custom. <Ref>Sh"t Avkat Rochel 26, [[Yom Tov]] Kihilchato (page 67) </ref> | ||
==Asking an Israeli do Melacha on [[Yom Tov]] Sheni== | ==Asking an Israeli do Melacha on [[Yom Tov]] Sheni== | ||
# A non-Israeli who is in Israel has what to rely on ask an Israeli to do melacha for him on [[Yom Tov]] Sheni. <Ref> Yalkut Yosef (Kitzur S”A 496:27; Chazon Ovadyah ([[Yom Tov]] pg 138)) permits a non-Israeli to ask an Israeli to do melacha for him on [[Yom Tov]] Sheni. However, Sh”t Igrot Moshe 3:73 and Sh"t Shema Shlomo 1:9 forbid. Rav Elyashiv (in Kuntres Teshuvot siman 54) writes that the only concern is Memotzi Chefsecha which is permissible for a dvar mitzvah. </ref> | # A non-Israeli who is in [[Israel]] has what to rely on ask an Israeli to do melacha for him on [[Yom Tov]] Sheni. <Ref> Yalkut Yosef (Kitzur S”A 496:27; Chazon Ovadyah ([[Yom Tov]] pg 138)) permits a non-Israeli to ask an Israeli to do melacha for him on [[Yom Tov]] Sheni. However, Sh”t Igrot Moshe 3:73 and Sh"t Shema Shlomo 1:9 forbid. Rav Elyashiv (in Kuntres Teshuvot siman 54) writes that the only concern is Memotzi Chefsecha which is permissible for a dvar mitzvah. </ref> | ||
==Who should keep two days== | ==Who should keep two days== | ||
# A non-Israeli who is in Israel for [[Yom Tov]] should keep two days of [[Yom Tov]]. <ref> Mishna Brurah 496:13, Chazon Ovadyah ([[Yom Tov]] pg 133), http://dailyhalacha.com/Display.asp?ClipDate=4/15/2011 </ref> | # A non-Israeli who is in [[Israel]] for [[Yom Tov]] should keep two days of [[Yom Tov]]. <ref> Mishna Brurah 496:13, Chazon Ovadyah ([[Yom Tov]] pg 133), http://dailyhalacha.com/Display.asp?ClipDate=4/15/2011 </ref> | ||
# Someone who is making Aliyah to Israel on condition that everything works out and hasn't yet decided to stay according to some poskim should keep only one day, while according to many others should still keep two days. <ref> Rav Elyashiv (quoted by [[Yom Tov]] Sheni KeHilchato pg 81) holds that one should keep one day, while Rav Moshe Feinstein (quoted by [[Yom Tov]] Sheni | # Someone who is making Aliyah to [[Israel]] on condition that everything works out and hasn't yet decided to stay according to some poskim should keep only one day, while according to many others should still keep two days. <ref> Rav Elyashiv (quoted by [[Yom Tov]] Sheni KeHilchato pg 81) holds that one should keep one day, while Rav Moshe Feinstein (quoted by [[Yom Tov]] Sheni KeHilchata) and Chazon Ovadyah ([[Yom Tov]] pg 130) hold that one should keep two days (this is summarized on http://www.dailyhalacha.com/Display.asp?ClipID=2118) </ref> | ||
# A Sephardic unmarried Yeshiva student should observe only one day of [[Yom Tov]] because he doesn’t have an established in either place and we therefore hope that he will find a good wife and job and be able to remain in Israel. <Ref> Chazon Ovadia (Rav Ovadyah Yosef) page 130 </ref> | # A Sephardic unmarried Yeshiva student should observe only one day of [[Yom Tov]] because he doesn’t have an established in either place and we therefore hope that he will find a good wife and job and be able to remain in [[Israel]]. <Ref> Chazon Ovadia (Rav Ovadyah Yosef) page 130 </ref> | ||
# | # According to some poskim, if one generally visits [[Israel]] for all Shalosh regalim, he only keeps one day of [[Yom Tov]]. <ref> Sh"t Minchat Shlomo 1:19(7), Chazon Ovadyah (pg 152), http://dailyhalacha.com/Display.asp?ClipDate=4/15/2011. Chacham Benzion Abba Shaul (Or Litzion 3: pg. 225 </ref> | ||
=="One and a Half Days"== | =="One and a Half Days"== | ||
#There is a third possibility sometimes referred to as one and a half days. This doesn't mean to refrain from doing melacha for half of the day but rather to keep the stringencies of those keeping one day and those keeping two. This means not doing any melacha on the second day of [[Yom Tov]], but wearing [[tefillin]] with a beracha. (Second day of [[shavuot]], eight day of [[pesach]], and ninth day of [[sukkot]], or for those who wear [[tefillin]] on [[chol hamoed]] also second days of [[pesach]] and [[sukkot]]) <ref> Nefesh Harav 84-85. This is the opinion of Rav Chaim Soloveitchik quoted in Mesorah torah journal (http://www.ou.org/pdf/mesorah/mes%206.pdf) volume 6 page 18. </ref> | #There is a third possibility sometimes referred to as one and a half days. This doesn't mean to refrain from doing melacha for half of the day but rather to keep the stringencies of those keeping one day and those keeping two. This means not doing any melacha on the second day of [[Yom Tov]], but wearing [[tefillin]] with a beracha. (Second day of [[shavuot]], eight day of [[pesach]], and ninth day of [[sukkot]], or for those who wear [[tefillin]] on [[chol hamoed]] also second days of [[pesach]] and [[sukkot]]) <ref> Nefesh Harav 84-85. This is the opinion of Rav Chaim Soloveitchik quoted in Mesorah torah journal (http://www.ou.org/pdf/mesorah/mes%206.pdf) volume 6 page 18. </ref> | ||
