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Rosh Hashana: Difference between revisions
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==Customs of Erev Rosh Hashana== | ==Customs of Erev Rosh Hashana== | ||
# [[Tachanun]] is not recited on [[Erev Rosh Hashana]] | # [[Tachanun]] is not recited on [[Erev Rosh Hashana]] for [[Shacharit]] or [[Mincha]], even though during [[selichot]] which are said by night or at least before [[Netz]] Hachama we do recite the yud gimmel [[middot]] and the nefilat apayim.<ref>Chazon Ovadia (Yamim Noraim page 46), Shulchan Aruch 581:3, Kaf Hachayim 581:73 </ref> | ||
# On the day before [[Erev Rosh Hashana]], [[tachanun]] is recited at [[mincha]]. <ref> Yalkut Yosef (Moadim page 21), Kaf Hachayim 581:74 </ref> | |||
# We do not blow the [[shofar]] on erev rosh hashana and if one needs to practice blowing for the holiday, he should do so in a private room. <ref> Yalkut Yosef Moadim page 21 </ref> | # We do not blow the [[shofar]] on erev rosh hashana and if one needs to practice blowing for the holiday, he should do so in a private room. <ref> Yalkut Yosef Moadim page 21 </ref> | ||
# There are five main customs observed on [[Erev Rosh Hashana]]: 1) [[Laundering]] one's clothing. 2) Cutting one's hair. 3) Dipping in the mikveh. 4) Visiting the cemetery. 5) Giving [[tzedaka]]. <ref> Shulchan Aruch | # There are five main customs observed on [[Erev Rosh Hashana]]: 1) [[Laundering]] one's clothing. 2) Cutting one's hair. 3) Dipping in the mikveh. 4) Visiting the cemetery. 5) Giving [[tzedaka]]. <ref> Shulchan Aruch OC 581:4 </ref> | ||
# Some have the custom of receiving lashes on [[Erev Rosh Hashana]], while others do so on [[Erev Yom Kippur]].<ref>Kaf HaChaim 581:58</ref> | # Some have the custom of receiving lashes on [[Erev Rosh Hashana]], while others do so on [[Erev Yom Kippur]].<ref>Kaf HaChaim 581:58</ref> | ||
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# One who is still fasting at [[mincha]], should recite aneinu during [[mincha]], <ref> Mishna Brurah 562:7 says this is true even if you do not plan on finishing the fast. For sephardim, the Kaf Hachayim 562:8 says if you do not plan on finishing the fast to recite aneinu during elokay nitzor. </ref> For the chazzan, if he doesn't plan on finishing the fast, he shouldn't recite aneinu in the chazarat hashatz at all. <ref> Beiur Halachah 562:1 "aval." </ref> | # One who is still fasting at [[mincha]], should recite aneinu during [[mincha]], <ref> Mishna Brurah 562:7 says this is true even if you do not plan on finishing the fast. For sephardim, the Kaf Hachayim 562:8 says if you do not plan on finishing the fast to recite aneinu during elokay nitzor. </ref> For the chazzan, if he doesn't plan on finishing the fast, he shouldn't recite aneinu in the chazarat hashatz at all. <ref> Beiur Halachah 562:1 "aval." </ref> | ||
# One doesn't need to have to accept this fast upon himself during [[mincha]] the day before. <ref> Mishna Brurah 581:16, [http://www.theyeshivaworld.com/article.php?p=69877 Rabbi Yissachar Dov Krakowski]. This is also the ruling of [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/Display.asp?ClipDate=9/15/2009 Rabbi Eli Mansour] However, [http://revach.net/halacha/tshuvos/Rav-Elyashiv-On-Fasting-Erev-Rosh-Hashana/1020 Revach.net] quotes Rav Elyashiv as saying that if you don't fast every year, you should accept it during [[mincha]] the day before. </ref> | # One doesn't need to have to accept this fast upon himself during [[mincha]] the day before. <ref> Mishna Brurah 581:16, [http://www.theyeshivaworld.com/article.php?p=69877 Rabbi Yissachar Dov Krakowski]. This is also the ruling of [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/Display.asp?ClipDate=9/15/2009 Rabbi Eli Mansour] However, [http://revach.net/halacha/tshuvos/Rav-Elyashiv-On-Fasting-Erev-Rosh-Hashana/1020 Revach.net] quotes Rav Elyashiv as saying that if you don't fast every year, you should accept it during [[mincha]] the day before. </ref> | ||
# According to Ashkenazim, it is possible for someone to accept upon themselves to fast on Erev Rosh Hashana for a partial fast and then break their fast after plag mincha or if they are weak after Mincha Gedola. He can Anenu in Mincha if he is still fasting.<ref>Rama 581:2 writes that one doesn't need to complete the fast of Aseret Yemey Teshuva. Magen Avraham 581:10 and Mishna Brurah 581:16 apply this to Erev Rosh Hashana as well. Mishna Brurah 562:10 writes that for someone weak they can break their fast of hours at mincha gedola, otherwise they should wait until plag mincha.</ref> | |||
===Dipping in the Mikveh=== | ===Dipping in the Mikveh=== | ||
# The custom is to dip in a mikveh on erev rosh hashana in honor of rosh hashana, however this isn't required according to the law and therefore a beracha isn't recited and the laws aren't as strict. <ref> Halichot Olam 2: page 225, Moed Likol Chai 12:11. see also Rama 581:4. </ref> If one cannot make it to a mikveh, he should try to spill 9 kav (approximately 12 liters) of water even if in the shower. <ref> Yalkut Yosef Moadim page 22, Chazon Ovadia Yamim Noraim page 51, 57. </ref> | # The custom is to dip in a mikveh on erev rosh hashana in honor of rosh hashana, however this isn't required according to the law and therefore a beracha isn't recited and the laws aren't as strict. <ref> Halichot Olam 2: page 225, Moed Likol Chai 12:11. see also Rama 581:4. </ref> If one cannot make it to a mikveh, he should try to spill 9 kav (approximately 12 liters) of water even if in the shower. <ref> Yalkut Yosef Moadim page 22, Chazon Ovadia (Yamim Noraim page 51, 57). </ref> | ||
# A woman within her seven clean days from niddah shouldn't go to the mikveh on erev | # A woman within her seven clean days from [[niddah]] shouldn't go to the mikveh on erev Rosh Hashana or erev yom kippur. <ref> Chazon Ovadia Yamim Noraim page 59 </ref> | ||
===Hatarat Nedarim=== | ===Hatarat Nedarim=== | ||
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# Ideally, the [[shofar]] blower should try to blow it from the right side of his mouth, but this certainly doesn't prevent one from fulfilling his obligation if he doesn't. <ref> Yalkut Yosef Moadim pg. 41 </ref> | # Ideally, the [[shofar]] blower should try to blow it from the right side of his mouth, but this certainly doesn't prevent one from fulfilling his obligation if he doesn't. <ref> Yalkut Yosef Moadim pg. 41 </ref> | ||
==Second Day of Rosh Hashana== | |||
# In Kiddush of the second day of Rosh Hashana one should recite Shehechiyanu. Since it is a dispute whether we should include Shechiyanu it is proper to have a new fruit or wear a new garment and have that in mind while saying Shehechiyanu.<ref>Shulchan Aruch OC 600:2</ref> | |||
# Some poskim hold that the new fruit should be tasted after kiddush before the Netilat Yadayim and Hamotzei.<ref>Machasit Hashekel 600:22</ref> However, others say one can wait until the meal.<ref>Rav Elyashiv (cited by Ashrei Haish 3:14:4 and Dirshu)</ref> | |||
==Simanim== | ==Simanim== | ||
# There is a minhag of dipping the [[challah]] in honey on Rosh Hashana. <ref>Magen Avraham 583:1, Mishna Brurah 583:3, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 129:9</ref>Some only dip the [[challah]] in honey<ref>Nitei Gavriel (Rosh Hashana p. 209, n. 17) writes that the Chazon Ish and Stiepler's practice was to eat [[challah]] without salt on Rosh Hashana. See there for other sources on this matter. </ref>, while others dip the [[challah]] in salt as well as honey. <ref>Kaf HaChaim 583:4. See Nitei Gavriel (Rosh Hashana p. 209) for different minhagim about whether to dip the [[challah]] in salt on the same side as it is dipped in honey or on the other side. See there also for a difference in minhagim whether to dip the [[challah]] in salt before dipping it in honey or afterwards. </ref> | # There is a minhag of dipping the [[challah]] in honey on Rosh Hashana. <ref>Magen Avraham 583:1, Mishna Brurah 583:3, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 129:9</ref>Some only dip the [[challah]] in honey<ref>Nitei Gavriel (Rosh Hashana p. 209, n. 17) writes that the Chazon Ish and Stiepler's practice was to eat [[challah]] without salt on Rosh Hashana. See there for other sources on this matter. </ref>, while others dip the [[challah]] in salt as well as honey. <ref>Kaf HaChaim 583:4. See Nitei Gavriel (Rosh Hashana p. 209) for different minhagim about whether to dip the [[challah]] in salt on the same side as it is dipped in honey or on the other side. See there also for a difference in minhagim whether to dip the [[challah]] in salt before dipping it in honey or afterwards. </ref> | ||
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# It's a proper minhag not to sleep on Rosh Hashana. Someone who has a headache should sleep a little after midday in order to perform the mitzvot and [[prayers]] better. <ref>Chazon Ovadyah (Yamim Noraim, pg 183-4), Kaf HaChaim 584:38,39, Ben Ish Chai Parashat Nitzavim:11, Yalkut Yosef Moadim page 33 </ref> | # It's a proper minhag not to sleep on Rosh Hashana. Someone who has a headache should sleep a little after midday in order to perform the mitzvot and [[prayers]] better. <ref>Chazon Ovadyah (Yamim Noraim, pg 183-4), Kaf HaChaim 584:38,39, Ben Ish Chai Parashat Nitzavim:11, Yalkut Yosef Moadim page 33 </ref> | ||
# After the meal a person should go to the shul to learn according to his ability. Some have the practice of reading Tehillim twice over Rosh Hashana. A person who usually studies halachot should learn halachot rather than say Tehillim. In any event, one shouldn't waste time on this holy day of Rosh Hashana and wasting one's time on Rosh Hashana is like sleeping.<ref>Yalkut Yosef (Moadim p. 33), Sh"t Yechave Daat 3:44</ref> | # After the meal a person should go to the shul to learn according to his ability. Some have the practice of reading Tehillim twice over Rosh Hashana. A person who usually studies halachot should learn halachot rather than say Tehillim. In any event, one shouldn't waste time on this holy day of Rosh Hashana and wasting one's time on Rosh Hashana is like sleeping.<ref>Yalkut Yosef (Moadim p. 33), Sh"t Yechave Daat 3:44</ref> | ||
# Some poskim advise that it isn't appropriate to have tashmish on Rosh Hashana unless it is her Tevilah night.<ref>Knesset Hegedola 581:8, Machzik Bracha 581:4, Birkei Yosef 581:18, Pri Chadash 581:4</ref> | |||
==Minhag of Tashlich== | ==Minhag of Tashlich== | ||
===Where and When?=== | ===Where and When?=== | ||
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==Prayers of Rosh Hashanah== | ==Prayers of Rosh Hashanah== | ||
# If one forgot to switch from Atta Kadosh to HaMelech HaKadosh the first night of Rosh Hashana one doesn't have to repeat [[Shmoneh Esrei]] as long as one said the [[Yom Tov]] [[Shmoneh Esrei]], however, if one said the weekday [[Shmoneh Esrei]] or on the day of Rosh Hashana or the second night of Rosh Hashana one should repeat [[Shmoneh Esrei]]. <ref>Chaye Adam 24:10, Sh"t Igrot Moshe 1:170, [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/764351/Rabbi_Hershel_Schachter/Inyanei_Rosh_Hashanah Rabbi Hershel Schachter in a shuir] (min 43-45:30) </ref> | # If one forgot to switch from Atta Kadosh to HaMelech HaKadosh the first night of Rosh Hashana one doesn't have to repeat [[Shmoneh Esrei]] as long as one said the [[Yom Tov]] [[Shmoneh Esrei]], however, if one said the weekday [[Shmoneh Esrei]] or on the day of Rosh Hashana or the second night of Rosh Hashana one should repeat [[Shmoneh Esrei]]. <ref>Chaye Adam 24:10, Sh"t Igrot Moshe 1:170, [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/764351/Rabbi_Hershel_Schachter/Inyanei_Rosh_Hashanah Rabbi Hershel Schachter in a shuir] (min 43-45:30) </ref> Some disagree and hold that one needs to repeat Shemona Esrei.<ref>Mishna Brurah (Shaar Hatziyun 582:4). Rav Chaim Pinchas Sheinberg in Moriah Elul 5759 22:10-12 p. 100 writes that one doesn't fulfill one's obligation since the theme of Malchut is a main theme of Shemona Esrei.</ref> | ||
# Some poskim encourage crying during the [[prayers]] of Rosh Hashana while some forbid it. <ref> Rav Moshe Shternbuch in Teshuvot Vihanhagot 2:268 quotes the Vilna Gaon in his Sefer Maaseh Rav 207 that it is forbidden to cry, but also quotes the Arizal (brought down in Baer Heitev 584) that any person with a good soul would cry on Rosh Hashana. He claims that they aren't disagreeing, but rather that the Vilna Gaon is talking about crying from fear of the day of judgement and viewing the day as one of sadness and gloom. But if the tears come spontaneously from a longing for Hashem during the [[prayers]], that it praiseworthy. </ref> | # Some poskim encourage crying during the [[prayers]] of Rosh Hashana while some forbid it. <ref> Rav Moshe Shternbuch in Teshuvot Vihanhagot 2:268 quotes the Vilna Gaon in his Sefer Maaseh Rav 207 that it is forbidden to cry, but also quotes the Arizal (brought down in Baer Heitev 584) that any person with a good soul would cry on Rosh Hashana. He claims that they aren't disagreeing, but rather that the Vilna Gaon is talking about crying from fear of the day of judgement and viewing the day as one of sadness and gloom. But if the tears come spontaneously from a longing for Hashem during the [[prayers]], that it praiseworthy. </ref> | ||
# If there's a Brit Milah in Shul on Rosh Hashana, the Milah should be preformed between Kriyat HaTorah and the blowing of the Shofar.<ref> | # If there's a Brit Milah in Shul on Rosh Hashana, the Milah should be preformed between Kriyat HaTorah and the blowing of the Shofar.<ref>Shulchan Aruch 584:4</ref> | ||
==Yaaleh Veyavo== | ==Yaaleh Veyavo== | ||
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# The Ashkenazic minhag during the ten days between Rosh Hashana and [[Yom Kippur]] ([[Aseret Yemei Teshuva]]) is to say LeElah UleElah MeKol Birchata (in [[Kaddish]]) instead of LeElah Min Kol Birchata. <Ref>Kitzur S”A 129:1 writes to say LeElah LeElah MeKol Birchata. Mishna Brurah 56:2, 582:16 agrees but adds a vav as follows LeElah ULeElah. Rav Mordechai Eliyahu’s footnote on Kitzur S”A 129:1 writes that the Sephardic minhag is not to change this for [[Aseret Yemei Teshuva]]. </ref> | # The Ashkenazic minhag during the ten days between Rosh Hashana and [[Yom Kippur]] ([[Aseret Yemei Teshuva]]) is to say LeElah UleElah MeKol Birchata (in [[Kaddish]]) instead of LeElah Min Kol Birchata. <Ref>Kitzur S”A 129:1 writes to say LeElah LeElah MeKol Birchata. Mishna Brurah 56:2, 582:16 agrees but adds a vav as follows LeElah ULeElah. Rav Mordechai Eliyahu’s footnote on Kitzur S”A 129:1 writes that the Sephardic minhag is not to change this for [[Aseret Yemei Teshuva]]. </ref> | ||
===Other | ===Other Practices during [[Prayers]]=== | ||
# Some have the minhag to stand bent slightly (hunched over slightly) during the Tefillot of [[Rosh HaShana]] and if one does so, one should make sure to stand straight for the end and beginning of each Bracha. <Ref>S”A 582:4 writes that those who have the minhag to stand bent over for Tefillot on Rosh Hashanah should stand straight at the end of the Bracha. Mishna Brurah 582:14 writes that starting from Baruch Atta Hashem through the beginning of the next Bracha one should stand erect so that it doesn’t appear like one is adding the established bows of Chazal. </ref> Some say it’s preferable to stand straight for the Tefillot. <Ref>Kitzur S”A 129:2 </ref> | # Some have the minhag to stand bent slightly (hunched over slightly) during the Tefillot of [[Rosh HaShana]] and if one does so, one should make sure to stand straight for the end and beginning of each Bracha. <Ref>S”A 582:4 writes that those who have the minhag to stand bent over for Tefillot on Rosh Hashanah should stand straight at the end of the Bracha. Mishna Brurah 582:14 writes that starting from Baruch Atta Hashem through the beginning of the next Bracha one should stand erect so that it doesn’t appear like one is adding the established bows of Chazal. </ref> Some say it’s preferable to stand straight for the Tefillot. <Ref>Kitzur S”A 129:2 </ref> | ||
# Some have the minhag to daven slightly out loud during Tefillot of Rosh Hashana. <Ref>S”A 582:9 writes that one may daven out loud during Tefillot of Rosh Hashana and not worry about bothering others [[Davening]] since everyone has a machzor. Mishna Brurah 582:24 writes not to raise one’s voice too much. </ref> However, many authorities discourage this practice. <Ref> Kitzur S”A 129:2, Chaye Adam 139:2, Kaf HaChaim 582:17, and Rav Mordechai Eliyahu’s footnote on Kitzur S”A 129:2. Kaf HaChaim 582:17 adds that if one doesn’t have kavana another way one may raise one’s voice slightly.</ref> | # Some have the minhag to daven slightly out loud during Tefillot of Rosh Hashana. <Ref>S”A 582:9 writes that one may daven out loud during Tefillot of Rosh Hashana and not worry about bothering others [[Davening]] since everyone has a machzor. Mishna Brurah 582:24 writes not to raise one’s voice too much. </ref> However, many authorities discourage this practice. <Ref> Kitzur S”A 129:2, Chaye Adam 139:2, Kaf HaChaim 582:17, and Rav Mordechai Eliyahu’s footnote on Kitzur S”A 129:2. Kaf HaChaim 582:17 adds that if one doesn’t have kavana another way one may raise one’s voice slightly.</ref> | ||
==Links== | |||
* [http://www.hebrewbooks.org/55401 Yalkut Yosef Hilchot Rosh HaShanah and Yom HaKippurim (Hebrew, 5775)] | |||
==Sources== | ==Sources== | ||
{{Reflist|30em}} | |||
[[Category:Holidays]] | [[Category:Holidays]] | ||
[[Category:Prayer]] | [[Category:Prayer]] | ||
[[Category:Yamim Noraim]] | [[Category:Yamim Noraim]] | ||
