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Respecting the Sanctity of the Shul: Difference between revisions
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Regarding building, selling, dismantling a Shul building see [[Halachot_of_the_Building_of_the_Shul]] | |||
==Appropriate Mind-frame for Shul== | |||
# One should not be involved in light-headedness, frivolity, idle chatter, eating, or drinking in a Shul.<Ref>Shulchan Aruch 151:1</ref> | |||
# One should not lounge around or adorn oneself in the Shul. <Ref>Shulchan Aruch 151:1</ref> | |||
==Speaking in Shul or Bet Midrash== | ==Speaking in Shul or Bet Midrash== | ||
# It’s utterly forbidden to act frivolously in a Shul or Bet Midrash in any way such as laughter, vane speech, or humor. <Ref> S”A 151:1 </ref> | # It’s utterly forbidden to act frivolously in a Shul or Bet Midrash in any way such as laughter, vane speech, or humor. <Ref> S”A 151:1 </ref> | ||
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==Sleeping in Shul or Bet Midrash== | ==Sleeping in Shul or Bet Midrash== | ||
# One may not sleep (even a temporary sleep) in a shul, but in a bais medrash it is permitted to take a temporary sleep. A talmid chacham may sleep in a shul or a beit midrash. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 151:15-6 </ref> | # One may not sleep (even a temporary sleep) in a shul, but in a bais medrash it is permitted to take a temporary sleep. A talmid chacham may sleep in a shul or a beit midrash. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 151:15-6 </ref> | ||
# One may not sleep in a Shul, however it is permitted to sleep temporarily in a Bet HaMidrash. <Ref>Shulchan Aruch 151:3</ref> | |||
==Eating in Shul== | ==Eating in Shul== | ||
# Although it is generally forbidden to eat in a shul, seuda shlishit may be eaten in a shul especially when words of Torah are spoken at the meal. <ref> Yechave Daat 3:10 </ref> | # Although it is generally forbidden to eat in a shul, seuda shlishit may be eaten in a shul especially when words of Torah are spoken at the meal. <ref> Yechave Daat 3:10. Shulchan Aruch 151:4 permits eating a seudat mitzvah in a shul. Even the Mishna Brurah 151:20 agrees but cites the Magen Avraham who forbids a large meal with wine in a shul even for a mitzvah. </ref> | ||
# A Talmud Chacham may eat or drink in a Shul if it is necessary. <Ref>Shulchan Aruch 151:1</ref> Some say that a Talmid Chacham may eat or drink in a Bet Midrash. <Ref>Rama 151:1</ref> | |||
==Entering Shul for Your Benefit== | |||
# If one needs to get someone who is in a Shul, one should walk inside, learn a little bit and then call that person. If one does not know how to learn one may wait inside the Shul a little bit (the time it takes to walk 8 [[Tefachim]]) and then call that person, since just sitting in a Shul is a mitzvah.<Ref>Shulchan Aruch 151:1</ref> | |||
# One should not enter the Shul to protect oneself from the sun or rain. <Ref>Shulchan Aruch 151:1</ref> | |||
==Doing Mundane Activities in Shul== | |||
# One should not perform calculations, unless it is for a mitzvah in a Shul. <Ref>Shulchan Aruch 151:1</ref> | |||
==Eulogies in a Shul== | |||
# Eulogies should not take place in a Shul unless it is a eulogy for one of the great people of the town and everyone is coming to the eulogy. <Ref>Shulchan Aruch 151:1</ref> | |||
==Using it as a Shortcut== | |||
# One may not use a Shul for a shortcut. However, if the Shul was built in place of a path, it is permitted to continue using that path even after the Shul was built.<Ref>Shulchan Aruch 151:5</ref> | |||
==Owning a Seat in Shul== | |||
# If a person sat in a particular seat in shul for three years straight even if he wasn't in on occasion or he changed his seat for avielut he can establish a right to that seat.<ref>Rashba (responsa 1:943), Rama CM 140:8. See also Meiri b"b 29a.</ref> | |||
==Running to and from Shul== | ==Running to and from Shul== | ||
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# When one arrives at Shul one shouldn't run inside, but rather one should walk with awe and trepidation like one is walking before a king.<ref>Magen Avraham 90:24, Mishna Brurah 90:41, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 12:11</ref> | # When one arrives at Shul one shouldn't run inside, but rather one should walk with awe and trepidation like one is walking before a king.<ref>Magen Avraham 90:24, Mishna Brurah 90:41, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 12:11</ref> | ||
# It is forbidden to run when one is leaving Shul. <ref>Shulchan Aruch 90:12</ref> | # It is forbidden to run when one is leaving Shul. <ref>Shulchan Aruch 90:12</ref> | ||
==Mechitza== | |||
# During davening it is integral to have a mechitza to separate between men and women.<ref>Igrot Moshe 1:41, Yalkut Yosef (Kriyat Hatorah Vbet Hakenest Mdinei Hahanahaga Bkotel n. 2), Ishei Yisrael 28:9</ref> However, there is no need for a mechitza to separate between men and women for non-mitzvot activities such as a mundane meal.<ref>Rav Moshe Feinstein in Igrot Moshe 1:41 cites the Pesachim 86b that speaks about a bride eating a korban pesach together with the rest of the group which would consist of several families and up to 50 or 100 people. He concludes that isn’t necessary to have a mechitza for non-mitzvah activities, such as a meal but excluding davening or learning. However, he has a doubt about wedding meals if they need a mechitza to separate between the men and women.</ref> | |||
# If a shul has a women's section which isn't level with the men's section, some hold that the mechitza needs to be so tall that the men can't see the women.<Ref>Yalkut Yosef (Otzar Dinim Lisha Vlbat 9:42) writes that a shul which has a woman's section that isn't level with the men's section should nonetheless have a mechitza high enough that the men can't see the women.</ref> | |||
# In a place that is used for a minyan on a temporary basis, such as a [[Shiva]] house, according to some poskim doesn't need a mechitza and the men and women could simply daven in their respective sides for purposes of [[kavana]].<ref>Igrot Moshe OC 5:12 writes that it isn't necessary to have a minyan in a temporary situation such as a Shiva house and all the more so for a Shabbos Sheva Brachos since it is just the family. Rather the men and women should daven in opposite corners to enhance kavana. This is cited by Ishei Yisrael 28:9 and [http://olamot.net/shiur/%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%94-%D7%91%D7%99%D7%9F-%D7%92%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D-%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%9D Olamot.net]. Similarly, Halichot Shlomo Tefillah ch. 8 fnt. 4 writes that on a plane if one is making a minyan that doesn't disturb the other passengers it isn't necessary to have a mechitza since it is a temporary situation and not a permanent shul.</ref> | |||
# There is a major dispute if it is necessary to have a mechitza for a wedding meal.<ref>Igrot Moshe YD 4:24 doesn't require a mechitza at a wedding since it isn't a public event, it is exclusively for those invited. Birkat Reuven Shlomo 7:61 argues with Rav Moshe and requires a mechitza for a sit down gathering at a wedding or meal. Shevet Halevi 8:281 writes that for a Sheva Brachos meal they need a mechitza that is at least Ten Tefachim high even though that wouldn't suffice for a mechitza in shul.</ref> | |||
==Sources== | ==Sources== | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
[[Category:Prayer]] | [[Category:Prayer]] | ||
