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Required Amount of Matzah and Wine for the Seder: Difference between revisions
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Required Amount of Matzah and Wine for the Seder (view source)
Revision as of 01:40, 9 April 2024
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While it is a good idea to prepare in advance it is permitted to measure the matzah or wine on Pesach itself. Even though usually it is forbidden to measure on Yom Tov for the purpose of a mitzvah it is permitted.<ref>Shulchan Aruch 306:7, Yechava Daat 1:16, Halichot Shlomo p. 209</ref> | While it is a good idea to prepare in advance it is permitted to measure the matzah or wine on Pesach itself. Even though usually it is forbidden to measure on Yom Tov for the purpose of a mitzvah it is permitted.<ref name=":0">Shulchan Aruch 306:7, Yechava Daat 1:16, Halichot Shlomo p. 209</ref> | ||
==The four cups of wine== | ==The four cups of wine== | ||
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* On the statement of Rav Nachman (Pesachim 108b) that one fulfills his obligation by drinking a majority of the cup, Tosfot (s.v. Ruba) comments that preferably, one should drink an entire Revi’it. The Bach (472 s.v. Mah SheKatav VeEin) writes that it is obvious that one should only rely on the concept of majority being considering like the entirety (Rubo K’kulo) after the fact, however, l’chatchila one should drink an entire Revi’it. Mishna Brurah 672:30 agrees.</ref> Some hold that one must have a majority of the cup.<ref>The Ramban (quoted by Orchot Chaim Leil Pesach no. 6, cited by Bet Yosef 472:9) holds that unlike a regular bracha made over a cup of wine which only requires majority of a reviyit the 4 cups of wine require a majority of the cup. Mishna Brurah 472:33 writes that the strict halacha follows the other rishonim.</ref> If one intends to drink the minimum amount one can be strict for this opinion by using a cup that is the size of a reviyit.<ref>Mishna Brurah 472:33</ref> | * On the statement of Rav Nachman (Pesachim 108b) that one fulfills his obligation by drinking a majority of the cup, Tosfot (s.v. Ruba) comments that preferably, one should drink an entire Revi’it. The Bach (472 s.v. Mah SheKatav VeEin) writes that it is obvious that one should only rely on the concept of majority being considering like the entirety (Rubo K’kulo) after the fact, however, l’chatchila one should drink an entire Revi’it. Mishna Brurah 672:30 agrees.</ref> Some hold that one must have a majority of the cup.<ref>The Ramban (quoted by Orchot Chaim Leil Pesach no. 6, cited by Bet Yosef 472:9) holds that unlike a regular bracha made over a cup of wine which only requires majority of a reviyit the 4 cups of wine require a majority of the cup. Mishna Brurah 472:33 writes that the strict halacha follows the other rishonim.</ref> If one intends to drink the minimum amount one can be strict for this opinion by using a cup that is the size of a reviyit.<ref>Mishna Brurah 472:33</ref> | ||
# The precise measurement of a [[Revi'it]] is a matter of dispute; several opinions are outlined below:<ref>Background: The Gemara (Pesachim 109a) explains that a Revi’it is the volume of 2x2x2.7 fingerbreadths. Additionally, the Rashbam (109b s.v. DeHaynu) writes that the Revi’it is equal to 1.5 times the volume of an egg. Mishna Brurah 271:68 clarifies that the [[Revi'it]] is 1.5 eggs with its shell. Because of the apparent discrepancy between these two [[measurements]], the Tzlach (Pesachim 116b) concluded that the egg of the days of the Gemara was twice the size of the modern-day egg. The Mishna Brurah 486:1 concludes that for the 4 cups of wine at [[the Seder]], which are only d’rabanan, one need not follow the Tzlach’s strict view. </ref> | # The precise measurement of a [[Revi'it]] is a matter of dispute; several opinions are outlined below:<ref>Background: The Gemara (Pesachim 109a) explains that a Revi’it is the volume of 2x2x2.7 fingerbreadths. Additionally, the Rashbam (109b s.v. DeHaynu) writes that the Revi’it is equal to 1.5 times the volume of an egg. Mishna Brurah 271:68 clarifies that the [[Revi'it]] is 1.5 eggs with its shell. Because of the apparent discrepancy between these two [[measurements]], the Tzlach (Pesachim 116b) concluded that the egg of the days of the Gemara was twice the size of the modern-day egg. The Mishna Brurah 486:1 concludes that for the 4 cups of wine at [[the Seder]], which are only d’rabanan, one need not follow the Tzlach’s strict view. </ref> | ||
## Rabbi Mordechai Willig holds that a Revi’it is 2.5 fl oz (75cc). <ref> Rabbi Mordechai Willig (“The | ## Rabbi Mordechai Willig holds that a Revi’it is 2.5 fl oz (75cc).<ref> Rabbi Mordechai Willig ([https://www.yutorah.org/lectures/760475/Pesach-To-Go-5771 “The Shiurim of Seder Night” min 1-10, and Pesach To-Go 5771 p. 60]) holds that strictly speaking the size of an egg with its shell is 50 cc, and the [[Revi'it]] is 1.5 eggs with its shell, resulting in a [[Revi'it]] of 2.54 fl oz. </ref> | ||
## Rav Ovadia Yosef writes that a Revi’it is 2.7 fl oz (81cc). <ref>Rav Ovadia Yosef (Chazon Ovadia p. 16) writes that the [[Revi'it]] is 81cc. This is based on the [[measurements]] of Rav Chaim Noeh (Shiurei Tzion p. 69) with slight adjustments. </ref> | ## Rav Ovadia Yosef writes that a Revi’it is 2.7 fl oz (81cc).<ref>Rav Ovadia Yosef (Chazon Ovadia p. 16) writes that the [[Revi'it]] is 81cc. This is based on the [[measurements]] of Rav Chaim Noeh (Shiurei Tzion p. 69) with slight adjustments. </ref> | ||
## Rabbi Avraham Blumenkrantz writes that a Revi’it is 2.9 fl oz (86cc). <ref>Rabbi Avraham Blumenkrantz (The Laws of [[Pesach]] 5771 pg 111) writes that since the four cups are Derabbanan one may use a cup that holds 2.9 oz. </ref> | ## Rabbi Avraham Blumenkrantz writes that a Revi’it is 2.9 fl oz (86cc).<ref>Rabbi Avraham Blumenkrantz (The Laws of [[Pesach]] 5771 pg 111) writes that since the four cups are Derabbanan one may use a cup that holds 2.9 oz. </ref> | ||
## Rabbi Shimon Eider writes that according to his [[measurements]], the Revi’it is 3.0 fl oz (89cc). <ref>Halachos of [[Pesach]] (Rabbi Shimon Eider, Chapter 20, Sec D 5, pg 228-230) writes that since the four cups are Derabbanan one may have the smaller measurement which is measuring by eggs and not by thumbs and according to his calculation a [[Reviyit]] should be 3 oz and if one is unable to have a [[Reviyit]] one fulfills one's obligation with a majority of a [[Reviyit]]. See also Weekly Halacha (by Rabbi Neustadt on [http://www.torah.org/advanced/weekly-halacha/5760/tazria.html torah.org]) who writes that one may rely on the view of Rav Chaim Noeh who holds that 3 oz is sufficient being that the cups of wine are Derabbanan. </ref> | ## Rabbi Shimon Eider writes that according to his [[measurements]], the Revi’it is 3.0 fl oz (89cc).<ref>Halachos of [[Pesach]] (Rabbi Shimon Eider, Chapter 20, Sec D 5, pg 228-230) writes that since the four cups are Derabbanan one may have the smaller measurement which is measuring by eggs and not by thumbs and according to his calculation a [[Reviyit]] should be 3 oz and if one is unable to have a [[Reviyit]] one fulfills one's obligation with a majority of a [[Reviyit]]. See also Weekly Halacha (by Rabbi Neustadt on [http://www.torah.org/advanced/weekly-halacha/5760/tazria.html torah.org]) who writes that one may rely on the view of Rav Chaim Noeh who holds that 3 oz is sufficient being that the cups of wine are Derabbanan. </ref> | ||
## Rabbi Dovid Feinstein | ## Rabbi Dovid Feinstein<ref name=":0" /> writes that based on measuring large eggs, which should be used for the four cups, a Revi’it is 3.3 fl oz (98cc).<ref>In the 5745 edition, however, he says that the Revi’it is 2.9 fl oz. See also Rabbi Yisroel Bodner (Halachos of K’zayis p. 24 n. 24) who writes that he spoke to Rav Dovid Feinstein about how he arrived at his [[measurements]] and was told that his father, Rav Moshe Feinstein, didn't measure it himself but rather a student measured 'large' eggs and came up with 2.2 fl oz per egg. Rav Dovid added, if he, Rav Bodner, arrived at a smaller measure with his own [[measurements]] he should follow that. Rav Bodner writes that according to his [[measurements]] the average egg was 55cc (1.92 fl oz). Nonetheless, in terms of [[Bracha Achrona]] Rav Bodner (p. 26) follows the [[measurements]] of Rav Chaim Noeh who measured the average egg to be 57cc. </ref> | ||
## Rav Yisrael Belsky recommended having a Revi’it of 4.3 fl oz (127cc). <ref>Rav Yisrael Belsky on [http://www.ou.org/torah/article/oukosher_pre-pesach_webcast_5771 OU Pre-Pesach Webcast 5771] between minutes 37 and 38</ref> | ## Rav Yisrael Belsky recommended having a Revi’it of 4.3 fl oz (127cc).<ref>Rav Yisrael Belsky on [http://www.ou.org/torah/article/oukosher_pre-pesach_webcast_5771 OU Pre-Pesach Webcast 5771] between minutes 37 and 38</ref> | ||
## Rav Chaim Kanievsky writes that according to the rulings of the Chazon Ish, a Revi’it is 5.1 fl oz (150cc). <ref>Shiurin Shel Torah p. 65. See also Halachos of [[Pesach]] (pg 229) who writes that the [[Kiddish]] cup of Rav Yisrael Salanter was 4.1 oz at it's full capacity and the cup of the Chafetz Chaim was 5 oz. </ref> | ## Rav Chaim Kanievsky writes that according to the rulings of the Chazon Ish, a Revi’it is 5.1 fl oz (150cc).<ref>Shiurin Shel Torah p. 65. See also Halachos of [[Pesach]] (pg 229) who writes that the [[Kiddish]] cup of Rav Yisrael Salanter was 4.1 oz at it's full capacity and the cup of the Chafetz Chaim was 5 oz. </ref> | ||
# If a person is a diabetic and can’t have a lot of wine, the absolute minimum amount is 1.5 oz and a drop more and if one can’t have eat that much one doesn’t have to drink the wine. However, one should consult with one’s doctor who is Torah observant. <Ref> Rav Yisrael Belsky on [http://www.ou.org/torah/article/oukosher_pre-pesach_webcast_5771 OU Pre-Pesach Webcast 5771] between minutes 51 and 52:30 </ref> | # If a person is a diabetic and can’t have a lot of wine, the absolute minimum amount is 1.5 oz and a drop more and if one can’t have eat that much one doesn’t have to drink the wine. However, one should consult with one’s doctor who is Torah observant.<Ref> Rav Yisrael Belsky on [http://www.ou.org/torah/article/oukosher_pre-pesach_webcast_5771 OU Pre-Pesach Webcast 5771] between minutes 51 and 52:30 </ref> | ||
===Within what time should one drink the wine?=== | ===Within what time should one drink the wine?=== | ||
# It is preferable to drink majority of a Revi’it in one swallow. If one can't so, one should drink the wine within Kdei Sh’tiyat Revi’it. <ref> Magen Avraham 472:11 writes that one should drink the wine within Kdei Sh’tiyat Revi’it and after the fact within Kdei Achilat Pras. He adds that it's preferable to drink the majority of a Revi’it in one swallow. Mishna Brurah 472:34 agrees. Although the Machatzit HaShekel 472:11 extends this to drinking the entire cup in one drinking according to those who say one should drink the entire cup, Rabbi Dovid Feinstein (Kol Dodi Haggadah, 5730, p. 4) argues that it is impossible for a person to swallow that much wine at once. </ref> | # It is preferable to drink majority of a Revi’it in one swallow. If one can't so, one should drink the wine within Kdei Sh’tiyat Revi’it.<ref> Magen Avraham 472:11 writes that one should drink the wine within Kdei Sh’tiyat Revi’it and after the fact within Kdei Achilat Pras. He adds that it's preferable to drink the majority of a Revi’it in one swallow. Mishna Brurah 472:34 agrees. Although the Machatzit HaShekel 472:11 extends this to drinking the entire cup in one drinking according to those who say one should drink the entire cup, Rabbi Dovid Feinstein (Kol Dodi Haggadah, 5730, p. 4) argues that it is impossible for a person to swallow that much wine at once. </ref> | ||
# After the fact, one must drink the cup within the time of a Kdei Achilat Pras (which there are opinions spanning from 2 minutes to 10 minutes) to fulfill the obligation, otherwise one must repeat drinking the wine. <Ref> Rama 472:9 in name of the Roke'ach quoted by the Bet Yosef writes that one shouldn't drink with a large pause. Magen Avraham 472:11 explains that the long pause is a Kdei Achilat Pras. Mishna Brurah 472:34 rules like the Magen Avraham and adds that even though the Ashkenazi practice is not to repeat to drink the third and fourth cup if one forgot to lean because it may look like one is adding a cup to the established cups, even so here one should repeat because one has not fulfilled his obligation according to anyone. </ref> | # After the fact, one must drink the cup within the time of a Kdei Achilat Pras (which there are opinions spanning from 2 minutes to 10 minutes) to fulfill the obligation, otherwise one must repeat drinking the wine.<Ref> Rama 472:9 in name of the Roke'ach quoted by the Bet Yosef writes that one shouldn't drink with a large pause. Magen Avraham 472:11 explains that the long pause is a Kdei Achilat Pras. Mishna Brurah 472:34 rules like the Magen Avraham and adds that even though the Ashkenazi practice is not to repeat to drink the third and fourth cup if one forgot to lean because it may look like one is adding a cup to the established cups, even so here one should repeat because one has not fulfilled his obligation according to anyone. </ref> | ||
# Thus, one shouldn't take a cup that has a thin spout because one won't be able drink the whole cup at once. <ref> Rama 429:15 </ref> | # Thus, one shouldn't take a cup that has a thin spout because one won't be able drink the whole cup at once.<ref> Rama 429:15 </ref> | ||
===Types of wine=== | ===Types of wine=== | ||
