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Required Amount of Matzah and Wine for the Seder: Difference between revisions

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Required Amount of Matzah and Wine for the Seder (view source)

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==The four cups of wine==
==The four cups of wine==
===How much the cup needs to hold===
===How much the cup needs to hold===
# Preferably, one should drink a Revi’it of wine for each of the 4 cups of wine at the Seder. If this is difficult, one fulfills his obligation by drinking the majority of a Revi’it for each cup.<Ref> * The Gemara (Pesachim 108b) states that each of the 4 cups at the seder must contain a Revi’it of wine. This is also evident from the Rashbam (109a s.v. U’vah). Rambam (Chametz UMatzah 7:7), Tur, and S”A 472:9 codify this as halacha.
* On the statement of Rav Nachman (Pesachim 108b) that one fulfills his obligation by drinking a majority of the cup, Tosfot (s.v. Ruba) comments that preferably, one should drink an entire Revi’it. The Bach (472 s.v. Mah SheKatav VeEin) writes that it is obvious that one should only rely on the concept of majority being considering like the entirety (Rubo K’kulo) after the fact, however, l’chatchila one should drink an entire Revi’it.
* Beit Yosef 472:9 quotes the Kol Bo and Orchot Chaim, who say that if a cup holds many Reviyot, one still has to drink only a Revi’it. The Ramban, however, argues that one must drink majority of the cup even if it is larger than a Revi’it. Although S”A 472:9 rules like the Kol Bo, if one doesn’t plan on drinking a lot, Mishna Brurah 472:33 advises having a cup that holds only a Revi’it in order to satisfy the opinion of the Ramban. </ref>See footnote for precise measurements. <ref>*The Gemara (Pesachim 109a) explains that a Revi’it is the volume of 2x2x2.7 fingerbreadths. Additionally, the Rashbam (ibid. s.v. DeHaynu) writes that the Revi’it is equal to 1.5 times the volume of an egg.
*Because of the apparent discrepancy between these two measurements, the Tzlach (Pesachim 116b) concluded that the egg of the days of the Gemara was twice the size of the modern-day egg. The Mishna Brurah 486:1 concludes that for the 4 cups of wine at the Seder, which are only d’rabanan, one need not follow the Tzlach’s strict view.
* Practically, how much wine is a Revi’it? There are many views on the matter. (1) Rabbi Mordechai Willig (“The Shiurim of Seder Night” min 1-10, and Pesach To-Go 5771 p. 60) holds that the size of an egg with its shell is 50 cc, which would result in a Revi’it of 2.5 fl oz. (2) Rav Ovadia Yosef (Chazon Ovadia p. 16) writes that a Revi’it is 2.7 fl oz. This is based on the measurements of Rav Chaim Noeh (Shiurei Tzion p. 69) with slight adjustments. (3) Rabbi Shimon Eider (Halachos of Pesach p. 229) writes that according to his measurements, the Revi’it is 3 fl oz. Rabbi Dovid Feinstein (Kol Dodi Haggadah, 5730, p. 4) writes that based on measuring large eggs a Revi’it is fl 3.3 oz. In the 5745 edition, however, he says that the Revi’it is fl 2.9 oz. See also Rabbi Yisroel Bodner (Halachos of K’zayis p. 24 n. 24). (4) Rav Chaim Kanievsky (Shiurin Shel Torah p. 65) writes that according to the rulings of the Chazon Ish, a Revi’it is 5.0 fl oz. See also Rav Yisrael Belsky (OU Pre-Pesach Webcast 5771, min 37-8), who recommended having a Revi’it of 4.3 fl oz. </ref>
# The cup of wine must be filled with a Reviyat of wine and one must drink a full Reviyat or at least majority of a Reviyit. <ref> S"A 472:9. See Rav Schachter at [http://www.ou.org/torah/article/oukosher_pre-pesach_webcast_5770 OU Pre-Pesach Webcast 5770] between minutes 93 and 94 says that people have the misconception that one only has to drink a sip of wine, however, in reality, one needs to have a Reviyit or at least a majority of a Reviyit. </ref>
# The cup of wine must be filled with a Reviyat of wine and one must drink a full Reviyat or at least majority of a Reviyit. <ref> S"A 472:9. See Rav Schachter at [http://www.ou.org/torah/article/oukosher_pre-pesach_webcast_5770 OU Pre-Pesach Webcast 5770] between minutes 93 and 94 says that people have the misconception that one only has to drink a sip of wine, however, in reality, one needs to have a Reviyit or at least a majority of a Reviyit. </ref>
# If the cup holds a lot of Reviyot, many people can drink from it, only as many people as there are Reviyot in the cup. <ref> The Orchot Chaim and Kolbo hold that as many people as there are Reviyot can drink from the cup and fulfill their obligation. However, Ramban holds that if the cup holds many Reviyot, one person needs to drink majority of the cup and taken split it up with others.  S"A 472:9 rules like the Orchot Chaim and Kolbo. </ref>
# If the cup holds a lot of Reviyot, many people can drink from it, only as many people as there are Reviyot in the cup. <ref> The Orchot Chaim and Kolbo hold that as many people as there are Reviyot can drink from the cup and fulfill their obligation. However, Ramban holds that if the cup holds many Reviyot, one person needs to drink majority of the cup and taken split it up with others.  S"A 472:9 rules like the Orchot Chaim and Kolbo. </ref>
===How much must one drink===
===How much must one drink===
# According to Sephardim, one should preferably drink an entire Reviyit which is 2.86 oz (81 grams), however, if that's difficult one may just have majority of a Reviyit which is 1.44 oz (41 grams). <ref> Chazon Ovadyah (pg 16) </ref>
# Preferably, one should drink a Revi’it of wine for each of the 4 cups of wine at the Seder. If this is difficult, one fulfills his obligation by drinking the majority of a Revi’it for each cup.<Ref> * The Gemara (Pesachim 108b) states that each of the 4 cups at the seder must contain a Revi’it of wine. This is also evident from the Rashbam (109a s.v. U’vah). Rambam (Chametz UMatzah 7:7), Tur, and S”A 472:9 codify this as halacha.
* On the statement of Rav Nachman (Pesachim 108b) that one fulfills his obligation by drinking a majority of the cup, Tosfot (s.v. Ruba) comments that preferably, one should drink an entire Revi’it. The Bach (472 s.v. Mah SheKatav VeEin) writes that it is obvious that one should only rely on the concept of majority being considering like the entirety (Rubo K’kulo) after the fact, however, l’chatchila one should drink an entire Revi’it.
* Beit Yosef 472:9 quotes the Kol Bo and Orchot Chaim, who say that if a cup holds many Reviyot, one still has to drink only a Revi’it. The Ramban, however, argues that one must drink majority of the cup even if it is larger than a Revi’it. Although S”A 472:9 rules like the Kol Bo, if one doesn’t plan on drinking a lot, Mishna Brurah 472:33 advises having a cup that holds only a Revi’it in order to satisfy the opinion of the Ramban. </ref>
# The precise measurement of a Revi'it is a matter of dispute; several opinions are outlined below:<ref>Background: The Gemara (Pesachim 109a) explains that a Revi’it is the volume of 2x2x2.7 fingerbreadths. Additionally, the Rashbam (ibid. s.v. DeHaynu) writes that the Revi’it is equal to 1.5 times the volume of an egg. Because of the apparent discrepancy between these two measurements, the Tzlach (Pesachim 116b) concluded that the egg of the days of the Gemara was twice the size of the modern-day egg. The Mishna Brurah 486:1 concludes that for the 4 cups of wine at the Seder, which are only d’rabanan, one need not follow the Tzlach’s strict view. </ref>
## Rabbi Mordechai Willig (“The Shiurim of Seder Night” min 1-10, and Pesach To-Go 5771 p. 60) holds that the size of an egg with its shell is 50 cc, which would result in a Revi’it of 2.5 fl oz.
## Rav Ovadia Yosef (Chazon Ovadia p. 16) writes that a Revi’it is 2.7 fl oz (81cc). This is based on the measurements of Rav Chaim Noeh (Shiurei Tzion p. 69) with slight adjustments.
## Rabbi Shimon Eider (Halachos of Pesach p. 229) writes that according to his measurements, the Revi’it is 3 fl oz. Rabbi Dovid Feinstein (Kol Dodi Haggadah, 5730, p. 4) writes that based on measuring large eggs a Revi’it is fl 3.3 oz. In the 5745 edition, however, he says that the Revi’it is fl 2.9 oz. See also Rabbi Yisroel Bodner (Halachos of K’zayis p. 24 n. 24) who writes that he spoke to Rav Dovid Feinstein about how he arrived at his measurements and was told that his father, Rav Moshe Feinstein, didn't measure it himself but rather a student measured 'large' eggs and came up with 2.2 fl oz per egg. Rav Dovid added, if he, Rav Bodner, arrived at a smaller measure with his own measurements he should follow that. Rav Bodner writes that according to his measurements the average egg was 55cc (1.92 fl oz). Nonetheless, in terms of Bracha Achrona Rav Bodner (p. 26) follows the measurements of Rav Chaim Noeh who measured the average egg to be 57cc. </ref>
## Rav Yisrael Belsky (OU Pre-Pesach Webcast 5771, min 37-8), who recommended having a Revi’it of 4.3 fl oz.
## Rav Chaim Kanievsky (Shiurin Shel Torah p. 65) writes that according to the rulings of the Chazon Ish, a Revi’it is 5.0 fl oz.
# According to Ashkenazim, one should preferably have an entire Reviyit which is 3 oz (85 grams), however, if that's difficult one may just have majority of a Reviyit which is 1.51 oz (43 grams). <ref>Haggadah Kol Dodi (Rabbi Dovid Feinstein, 5730, pg 4) writes that the [[Reviyit]] for the four cups (using the method of measuring a large egg) should be 3.3oz. Halachos of [[Pesach]] (Rabbi Shimon Eider, Chapter 20, Sec D 5, pg 228-230) writes that since the four cups are Derabbanan one may have the smaller measurement which is measuring by eggs and not by thumbs and according to his calculation a Reviyit should be 3 oz and if one is unable to have a Reviyit one fulfills one's obligation with a majority of a Reviyit. The Laws of [[Pesach]] by Rabbi Blumenkrantz (5771 pg 111) writes that since the four cups are Derabbanan one may use a cup that holds 2.9 oz. See also Weekly Halacha (by Rabbi Neustadt, http://www.torah.org/advanced/weekly-halacha/5760/tazria.html) who writes that one may rely on the view of Rav Chaim Noeh who holds that 3 oz is sufficient being that the cups of wine are Derabbanan. See also  
# According to Ashkenazim, one should preferably have an entire Reviyit which is 3 oz (85 grams), however, if that's difficult one may just have majority of a Reviyit which is 1.51 oz (43 grams). <ref>Haggadah Kol Dodi (Rabbi Dovid Feinstein, 5730, pg 4) writes that the [[Reviyit]] for the four cups (using the method of measuring a large egg) should be 3.3oz. Halachos of [[Pesach]] (Rabbi Shimon Eider, Chapter 20, Sec D 5, pg 228-230) writes that since the four cups are Derabbanan one may have the smaller measurement which is measuring by eggs and not by thumbs and according to his calculation a Reviyit should be 3 oz and if one is unable to have a Reviyit one fulfills one's obligation with a majority of a Reviyit. The Laws of [[Pesach]] by Rabbi Blumenkrantz (5771 pg 111) writes that since the four cups are Derabbanan one may use a cup that holds 2.9 oz. See also Weekly Halacha (by Rabbi Neustadt, http://www.torah.org/advanced/weekly-halacha/5760/tazria.html) who writes that one may rely on the view of Rav Chaim Noeh who holds that 3 oz is sufficient being that the cups of wine are Derabbanan. See also  
Rav Yisrael Belsky on [http://www.ou.org/torah/article/oukosher_pre-pesach_webcast_5771 OU Pre-Pesach Webcast 5771] between minutes 37 and 38 who says that it's acceptable to consider a Reviyit 4.3 oz and it’s preferable to consider it around 5.8. See also Halachos of [[Pesach]] (pg 229) who writes that the Kiddish cup of Rav Yisrael Salanter was 4.1 oz at it's full capacity and the cup of the Chafetz Chaim was 5 oz. </ref>
Rav Yisrael Belsky on [http://www.ou.org/torah/article/oukosher_pre-pesach_webcast_5771 OU Pre-Pesach Webcast 5771] between minutes 37 and 38 who says that it's acceptable to consider a Reviyit 4.3 oz and it’s preferable to consider it around 5.8. See also Halachos of [[Pesach]] (pg 229) who writes that the Kiddish cup of Rav Yisrael Salanter was 4.1 oz at it's full capacity and the cup of the Chafetz Chaim was 5 oz. </ref>
# It is preferable to drink the majority of the cup in one drinking. <ref>Magen Avraham 472:11 writes that it's preferable to have the cup of wine in one drinking. Haggadah Kol Dodi (Rabbi Dovid Feinstein, 5730, pg 4) writes that this only applies to the majority of the cup and not the whole cup because a person can't swallow more than a KeBaytzah.</ref>
 
==Someone who is diabetic==
===Someone who is diabetic===
# If a person is a diabetic and can’t have a lot of wine, the absolute minimum amount is 1.5 oz and a drop more and if one can’t have eat that much one doesn’t have to drink the wine. However, one should consult with one’s doctor who is Torah observant. <Ref> Rav Yisrael Belsky on [http://www.ou.org/torah/article/oukosher_pre-pesach_webcast_5771 OU Pre-Pesach Webcast 5771] between minutes 51 and 52:30 </ref>
# If a person is a diabetic and can’t have a lot of wine, the absolute minimum amount is 1.5 oz and a drop more and if one can’t have eat that much one doesn’t have to drink the wine. However, one should consult with one’s doctor who is Torah observant. <Ref> Rav Yisrael Belsky on [http://www.ou.org/torah/article/oukosher_pre-pesach_webcast_5771 OU Pre-Pesach Webcast 5771] between minutes 51 and 52:30 </ref>


===Within what time should one drink the wine?===
===Within what time should one drink the wine?===
# It is preferable to drink majority of a Revi’it in one swallow. <ref> Magen Avraham 472:11 writes that one should drink the wine within Kdei Sh’tiyat Revi’it and after the fact within Kdei Achilat Pras. He adds that it's preferable to drink the majority of a Revi’it in one swallow. Mishna Brurah 472:34 agrees. Although the Machatzit HaShekel (ibid.) extends this to drinking the entire cup in one drinking according to those who say one should drink the entire cup, Rabbi Dovid Feinstein (ibid. p. 4) argues that it is impossible for a person to swallow that much wine at once. </ref>
# It is preferable to drink majority of a Revi’it in one swallow. <ref> Magen Avraham 472:11 writes that one should drink the wine within Kdei Sh’tiyat Revi’it and after the fact within Kdei Achilat Pras. He adds that it's preferable to drink the majority of a Revi’it in one swallow. Mishna Brurah 472:34 agrees. Although the Machatzit HaShekel (ibid.) extends this to drinking the entire cup in one drinking according to those who say one should drink the entire cup, Rabbi Dovid Feinstein (Kol Dodi Haggadah, 5730, p. 4) argues that it is impossible for a person to swallow that much wine at once. </ref>
# After the fact, one must drink the cup within the time of a Kdei Achilat Pras (which there are opinions spanning from 2 minutes to 10 minutes) to fulfill the obligation, otherwise one must repeat drinking the wine. <Ref> Rama 472:9 in name of the Rokach quoted by the Bet Yosef writes that one shouldn't drink with a large pause. Magan Avraham 472:11 explains that the long pause is a Kdei Achilat Pras. Mishna Brurah 472:34 rules like the Magan Avraham and adds that even though the Ashkenazi practice is not to repeat to drink the third and forth cup if one forgot to lean because it may look like one is adding a cup to the established cups, even so here one should repeat because one has not fulfilled his obligation according to anyone. </ref>  
# After the fact, one must drink the cup within the time of a Kdei Achilat Pras (which there are opinions spanning from 2 minutes to 10 minutes) to fulfill the obligation, otherwise one must repeat drinking the wine. <Ref> Rama 472:9 in name of the Rokach quoted by the Bet Yosef writes that one shouldn't drink with a large pause. Magan Avraham 472:11 explains that the long pause is a Kdei Achilat Pras. Mishna Brurah 472:34 rules like the Magan Avraham and adds that even though the Ashkenazi practice is not to repeat to drink the third and forth cup if one forgot to lean because it may look like one is adding a cup to the established cups, even so here one should repeat because one has not fulfilled his obligation according to anyone. </ref>  
# Thus, one shouldn't take a cup that has a thin spout because one won't be able drink the whole cup at once. <ref> Rama 429:15 </ref>
# Thus, one shouldn't take a cup that has a thin spout because one won't be able drink the whole cup at once. <ref> Rama 429:15 </ref>
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