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Required Amount of Matzah and Wine for the Seder: Difference between revisions

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Required Amount of Matzah and Wine for the Seder (view source)

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*Because of the apparent discrepancy between these two measurements, the Tzlach (Pesachim 116b) concluded that the egg of the days of the Gemara was twice the size of the modern-day egg. The Mishna Brurah 486:1 concludes that for the 4 cups of wine at the Seder, which are only d’rabanan, one need not follow the Tzlach’s strict view.  
*Because of the apparent discrepancy between these two measurements, the Tzlach (Pesachim 116b) concluded that the egg of the days of the Gemara was twice the size of the modern-day egg. The Mishna Brurah 486:1 concludes that for the 4 cups of wine at the Seder, which are only d’rabanan, one need not follow the Tzlach’s strict view.  
* Practically, how much wine is a Revi’it? There are many views on the matter. (1) Rabbi Mordechai Willig (“The Shiurim of Seder Night” min 1-10, and Pesach To-Go 5771 p. 60) holds that the size of an egg with its shell is 50 cc, which would result in a Revi’it of 2.5 fl oz. (2) Rav Ovadia Yosef (Chazon Ovadia p. 16) writes that a Revi’it is 2.7 fl oz. This is based on the measurements of Rav Chaim Noeh (Shiurei Tzion p. 69) with slight adjustments. (3) Rabbi Shimon Eider (Halachos of Pesach p. 229) writes that according to his measurements, the Revi’it is 3 fl oz. Rabbi Dovid Feinstein (Kol Dodi Haggadah, 5730, p. 4) writes that based on measuring large eggs a Revi’it is fl 3.3 oz. In the 5745 edition, however, he says that the Revi’it is fl 2.9 oz. See also Rabbi Yisroel Bodner (Halachos of K’zayis p. 24 n. 24). (4) Rav Chaim Kanievsky (Shiurin Shel Torah p. 65) writes that according to the rulings of the Chazon Ish, a Revi’it is 5.0 fl oz. See also Rav Yisrael Belsky (OU Pre-Pesach Webcast 5771, min 37-8), who recommended having a Revi’it of 4.3 fl oz. </ref>
* Practically, how much wine is a Revi’it? There are many views on the matter. (1) Rabbi Mordechai Willig (“The Shiurim of Seder Night” min 1-10, and Pesach To-Go 5771 p. 60) holds that the size of an egg with its shell is 50 cc, which would result in a Revi’it of 2.5 fl oz. (2) Rav Ovadia Yosef (Chazon Ovadia p. 16) writes that a Revi’it is 2.7 fl oz. This is based on the measurements of Rav Chaim Noeh (Shiurei Tzion p. 69) with slight adjustments. (3) Rabbi Shimon Eider (Halachos of Pesach p. 229) writes that according to his measurements, the Revi’it is 3 fl oz. Rabbi Dovid Feinstein (Kol Dodi Haggadah, 5730, p. 4) writes that based on measuring large eggs a Revi’it is fl 3.3 oz. In the 5745 edition, however, he says that the Revi’it is fl 2.9 oz. See also Rabbi Yisroel Bodner (Halachos of K’zayis p. 24 n. 24). (4) Rav Chaim Kanievsky (Shiurin Shel Torah p. 65) writes that according to the rulings of the Chazon Ish, a Revi’it is 5.0 fl oz. See also Rav Yisrael Belsky (OU Pre-Pesach Webcast 5771, min 37-8), who recommended having a Revi’it of 4.3 fl oz. </ref>
# It is preferable to drink majority of a Revi’it in one swallow. <ref> Magen Avraham 472:11 writes that one should drink the wine within Kdei Sh’tiyat Revi’it and after the fact within Kdei Achilat Pras. He adds that it's preferable to drink the majority of a Revi’it in one swallow. Mishna Brurah 472:34 agrees. Although the Machatzit HaShekel (ibid.) extends this to drinking the entire cup in one drinking according to those who say one should drink the entire cup, Rabbi Dovid Feinstein (ibid. p. 4) argues that it is impossible for a person to swallow that much wine at once. </ref>
# One may drink wine in between the first, second, and third cups of wine but not between the third and fourth cups. <ref> The Mishna (Pesachim 117b) states that it is permitted to drink wine between the 4 cups of wine, except between the third and fourth cups. The Rashbam (108a s.v. Bein Shelishi) explains that one may drink wine between the first, second, and third cups because it serves as an appetizer for the Matzah. However, after Birkat HaMazon, when there’s no more need to eat Matzah, drinking an extra cup appears as though one is adding on to the established 4 cups of wine. See Reshimot Shiurim (Sukkah p. 139) for an explanation of why it only appears as adding but does not violate Bal Tosif.
* The Yerushalmi (Pesachim 10:6), however, explains that one should not drink between the third and fourth cups so as not to get drunk, which would prevent a person from saying Hallel. Drinking between the earlier cups is not an issue because during a meal, wine is not as intoxicating.
* Rambam (ibid. 7:10), Tur, and S”A 473:3 and 479:1 codify the Mishna. Mishna Brurah 479:5 writes that based on the Yerushalmi, one also may not drink any intoxicating drink, and as a stringency according to the Rashbam, one may not drink Chamar Medina (which is valid for the 4 cups). </ref>
# The cup of wine must be filled with a Reviyat of wine and one must drink a full Reviyat or at least majority of a Reviyit. <ref> S"A 472:9. See Rav Schachter at [http://www.ou.org/torah/article/oukosher_pre-pesach_webcast_5770 OU Pre-Pesach Webcast 5770] between minutes 93 and 94 says that people have the misconception that one only has to drink a sip of wine, however, in reality, one needs to have a Reviyit or at least a majority of a Reviyit. </ref>
# The cup of wine must be filled with a Reviyat of wine and one must drink a full Reviyat or at least majority of a Reviyit. <ref> S"A 472:9. See Rav Schachter at [http://www.ou.org/torah/article/oukosher_pre-pesach_webcast_5770 OU Pre-Pesach Webcast 5770] between minutes 93 and 94 says that people have the misconception that one only has to drink a sip of wine, however, in reality, one needs to have a Reviyit or at least a majority of a Reviyit. </ref>
# If the cup holds a lot of Reviyot, many people can drink from it, only as many people as there are Reviyot in the cup. <ref> The Orchot Chaim and Kolbo hold that as many people as there are Reviyot can drink from the cup and fulfill their obligation. However, Ramban holds that if the cup holds many Reviyot, one person needs to drink majority of the cup and taken split it up with others.  S"A 472:9 rules like the Orchot Chaim and Kolbo. </ref>
# If the cup holds a lot of Reviyot, many people can drink from it, only as many people as there are Reviyot in the cup. <ref> The Orchot Chaim and Kolbo hold that as many people as there are Reviyot can drink from the cup and fulfill their obligation. However, Ramban holds that if the cup holds many Reviyot, one person needs to drink majority of the cup and taken split it up with others.  S"A 472:9 rules like the Orchot Chaim and Kolbo. </ref>
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==Someone who is diabetic==
==Someone who is diabetic==
# If a person is a diabetic and can’t have a lot of wine, the absolute minimum amount is 1.5 oz and a drop more and if one can’t have eat that much one doesn’t have to drink the wine. However, one should consult with one’s doctor who is Torah observant. <Ref> Rav Yisrael Belsky on [http://www.ou.org/torah/article/oukosher_pre-pesach_webcast_5771 OU Pre-Pesach Webcast 5771] between minutes 51 and 52:30 </ref>
# If a person is a diabetic and can’t have a lot of wine, the absolute minimum amount is 1.5 oz and a drop more and if one can’t have eat that much one doesn’t have to drink the wine. However, one should consult with one’s doctor who is Torah observant. <Ref> Rav Yisrael Belsky on [http://www.ou.org/torah/article/oukosher_pre-pesach_webcast_5771 OU Pre-Pesach Webcast 5771] between minutes 51 and 52:30 </ref>
===Within what time should one drink the wine?===
===Within what time should one drink the wine?===
# Preferably, one should drink the majority of the Reviyat at one time (without any interruption). <ref> Magan Avraham 472:11, Mishna Brurah 472:34 </ref>
# It is preferable to drink majority of a Revi’it in one swallow. <ref> Magen Avraham 472:11 writes that one should drink the wine within Kdei Sh’tiyat Revi’it and after the fact within Kdei Achilat Pras. He adds that it's preferable to drink the majority of a Revi’it in one swallow. Mishna Brurah 472:34 agrees. Although the Machatzit HaShekel (ibid.) extends this to drinking the entire cup in one drinking according to those who say one should drink the entire cup, Rabbi Dovid Feinstein (ibid. p. 4) argues that it is impossible for a person to swallow that much wine at once. </ref>
# After the fact, one must drink the cup within the time of a Kdei Achilat Pras (which there are opinions spanning from 2 minutes to 10 minutes) to fulfill the obligation, otherwise one must repeat drinking the wine. <Ref> Rama 472:9 in name of the Rokach quoted by the Bet Yosef writes that one shouldn't drink with a large pause. Magan Avraham 472:11 explains that the long pause is a Kdei Achilat Pras. Mishna Brurah 472:34 rules like the Magan Avraham and adds that even though the Ashkenazi practice is not to repeat to drink the third and forth cup if one forgot to lean because it may look like one is adding a cup to the established cups, even so here one should repeat because one has not fulfilled his obligation according to anyone. </ref>  
# After the fact, one must drink the cup within the time of a Kdei Achilat Pras (which there are opinions spanning from 2 minutes to 10 minutes) to fulfill the obligation, otherwise one must repeat drinking the wine. <Ref> Rama 472:9 in name of the Rokach quoted by the Bet Yosef writes that one shouldn't drink with a large pause. Magan Avraham 472:11 explains that the long pause is a Kdei Achilat Pras. Mishna Brurah 472:34 rules like the Magan Avraham and adds that even though the Ashkenazi practice is not to repeat to drink the third and forth cup if one forgot to lean because it may look like one is adding a cup to the established cups, even so here one should repeat because one has not fulfilled his obligation according to anyone. </ref>  
# Thus, one shouldn't take a cup that has a thin spout because one won't be able drink the whole cup at once. <ref> Rama 429:15 </ref>
# Thus, one shouldn't take a cup that has a thin spout because one won't be able drink the whole cup at once. <ref> Rama 429:15 </ref>
===Types of wine===
===Types of wine===
# If one hates wine or if it gives him a headache (but not if it's going to make him sick in bed) he should try to have the wine to fulfill the mitzvah of the four cups of wine. <ref> S"A 472:10 says that even if one hates wine or it is harmful to his health one should push himself to have the wine to fulfill the mitzvah. Mishna Brurah 472:35 explains that one only has to have it if it gives one a headache but not if makes one sick in bed. </ref>
# If one hates wine or if it gives him a headache (but not if it's going to make him sick in bed) he should try to have the wine to fulfill the mitzvah of the four cups of wine. <ref> S"A 472:10 says that even if one hates wine or it is harmful to his health one should push himself to have the wine to fulfill the mitzvah. Mishna Brurah 472:35 explains that one only has to have it if it gives one a headache but not if makes one sick in bed. </ref>
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