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Required Amount of Matzah and Wine for the Seder: Difference between revisions
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Required Amount of Matzah and Wine for the Seder (view source)
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==Matzah== | ==Matzah== | ||
# There’s a positive mitzvah Deoritta to eat matza on the night of the 15th of Nissan. <ref>Rambam (Sefer HaMitzot #158) writes that eating matzah nowadays is a Mitzah Deoritta. See Chatom Sofer (CM 196 Hashmatot) who points out that Matzah is the only Biblical mitzvah we have nowadays. </ref> | # There’s a positive mitzvah Deoritta to eat matza on the night of the 15th of Nissan. <ref>Rambam (Sefer HaMitzot #158) writes that eating matzah nowadays is a Mitzah Deoritta. See Chatom Sofer (CM 196 Hashmatot) who points out that Matzah is the only Biblical mitzvah we have nowadays. </ref> | ||
# There’s a mitzvah (which according to some is Deoritta) in eating more Matzah than the required amount. <Ref>Maharal in Gevurot Hashem chapter 48, Bach 472, Mikrei Kodesh siman 48, Sh”t Har Tzvi 2, and Natai Gavriel (vol 2, 90:26) hold that there’s a mitzvah of eating Matzah as much as one eats even beyond the actual requirement. See also the Emek Shelah (Yitro 53:4). Hagadat Be’er Miryam (pg 53) writes that another reason to eat more Matzah is because there’s a big confusion in the amount necessary and Matzah is a mitzvah Deoritta. Rav Mordechai Willig (Pesach To-Go, Nisan 5771, p. 60) quotes Rav Soloveitchik who derived this insight from the Rambam Chametz UMatzah 6:1.</ref> | |||
===How much Matzah should one eat at the Seder?=== | ===How much Matzah should one eat at the Seder?=== | ||
# There's three times one should eat Matzah during the seder: [[Motzei Matzah]], [[Korech]], and [[Tzafun]] ([[Afikomen]]). To fulfill all of one’s obligations, one should eat 2 kezaytim for Motzi-Matza, 1 kezayit for Korech, and 2 more kezaytim for Afikomen. All agree that having 2 kezaytim for Afikomen is merely preferable; one fulfills his obligation with 1 kezayit. <ref> | # There's three times one should eat Matzah during the seder: [[Motzei Matzah]], [[Korech]], and [[Tzafun]] ([[Afikomen]]). To fulfill all of one’s obligations, one should eat 2 kezaytim for Motzi-Matza, 1 kezayit for Korech, and 2 more kezaytim for Afikomen. All agree that having 2 kezaytim for Afikomen is merely preferable; one fulfills his obligation with 1 kezayit. <ref> | ||
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* For Korech, Mishna Brurah 475:16 writes that a kezayit of matza is needed. Kitzur S”A 199:7, Nitai Gavriel 59:1, and Chazon Ovadyah (p. 100) agree. | * For Korech, Mishna Brurah 475:16 writes that a kezayit of matza is needed. Kitzur S”A 199:7, Nitai Gavriel 59:1, and Chazon Ovadyah (p. 100) agree. | ||
* Regarding Afikomen, S”A 477:1 rules that one should eat one kezayit of matza. Darkei Moshe 477:2 quotes the Maharil that it is preferable to have 2 kezaytim. Magen Avraham 477:1 explains that one is in commemoration of the Korban Pesach and one for the matza eaten with it. Many achronim quote the Maharil including the Taz 477:1, Kitzur S”A 119:8, Mishna Brurah 477:1, Kaf HaChaim 477:1, and Chazon Ovadyah (p. 106).</ref> | * Regarding Afikomen, S”A 477:1 rules that one should eat one kezayit of matza. Darkei Moshe 477:2 quotes the Maharil that it is preferable to have 2 kezaytim. Magen Avraham 477:1 explains that one is in commemoration of the Korban Pesach and one for the matza eaten with it. Many achronim quote the Maharil including the Taz 477:1, Kitzur S”A 119:8, Mishna Brurah 477:1, Kaf HaChaim 477:1, and Chazon Ovadyah (p. 106).</ref> | ||
# For Motzi-Matza, many authorities write that if the matzot of the head of the house don’t suffice for 2 kezaytim for each person, one fulfills his mitzvah by eating a bit from the whole matza and 1 other kezayit (and not 2).<ref> Rav Shlomo Zalman in Halichot Shlomo 9:40 rules that if the head of the house’s three matzot do not suffice for the kezayit for each person, each person should just have a piece from the whole matza and eat a single kezayit of matza from other shemura matza. He explains that according to the Prisha, if one isn’t eating from the head of house’s matzot, there’s no safek upon which matza one makes Al Achilat Matza, so there is no need to eat an extra kezayit. Chazon Ovadyah (p. 65), Haggadah Moadim UZmanim (p. 97), and Seder HaAruch (p 455) quoting Rav Elyashiv agree.</ref> | # For Motzi-Matza, many authorities write that if the matzot of the head of the house don’t suffice for 2 kezaytim for each person, one fulfills his mitzvah by eating a bit from the whole matza and 1 other kezayit (and not 2).<ref> Rav Shlomo Zalman in Halichot Shlomo 9:40 rules that if the head of the house’s three matzot do not suffice for the kezayit for each person, each person should just have a piece from the whole matza and eat a single kezayit of matza from other shemura matza. He explains that according to the Prisha, if one isn’t eating from the head of house’s matzot, there’s no safek upon which matza one makes Al Achilat Matza, so there is no need to eat an extra kezayit. Chazon Ovadyah (p. 65), Haggadah Moadim UZmanim (p. 97), and Seder HaAruch (p 455) quoting Rav Elyashiv agree. See also Haggadah Kol Dodi 14:3 and Sh"t Igrot Moshe 5:16.</ref> | ||
# Practically, how large in a kezayit in terms of the amount of Matzah one should eat? | # Practically, how large in a kezayit in terms of the amount of Matzah one should eat? | ||
## According to Ashkenazim, for Motzei Matzah, some say that one should eat 4/5 of a machine matzah, some say 2/3 of a matzah, and others say 1 matzah. For Korech, some say that one should eat 2/5 of a matzah, some say less than 1/2 of a matzah, and others say 2/3 of a matzah. For Afikomen, some say that one should eat 4/5, some say more than 1/2, and others 1 matzah.<ref> | ## According to Ashkenazim, for Motzei Matzah, some say that one should eat 4/5 of a machine matzah, some say 2/3 of a matzah, and others say 1 matzah. For Korech, some say that one should eat 2/5 of a matzah, some say less than 1/2 of a matzah, and others say 2/3 of a matzah. For Afikomen, some say that one should eat 4/5, some say more than 1/2, and others 1 matzah.<ref> | ||
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* Kaf HaChaim 168:46 quotes a number of Sephardi Achronim, including the Chida, who say that the minhag of Sephardim is to measure the kezayit by weight. He writes that this is the common minhag even for measuring a kezayit of matza. Rav Ovadyah in Yechaveh Daat 1:16, Rav Mordechai Eliyahu (Maamar Mordechai 11:96), and Rav Chaim Dovid HaLevi (Aseh Lecha Rav 6:45) agree. Yalkut Yosef 475:4, therefore, rules that a kezayit of matza is 27 grams. [In general, one machine matza is between 30 and 32 grams and so a kezayit is .85-.9 of a matza.] | * Kaf HaChaim 168:46 quotes a number of Sephardi Achronim, including the Chida, who say that the minhag of Sephardim is to measure the kezayit by weight. He writes that this is the common minhag even for measuring a kezayit of matza. Rav Ovadyah in Yechaveh Daat 1:16, Rav Mordechai Eliyahu (Maamar Mordechai 11:96), and Rav Chaim Dovid HaLevi (Aseh Lecha Rav 6:45) agree. Yalkut Yosef 475:4, therefore, rules that a kezayit of matza is 27 grams. [In general, one machine matza is between 30 and 32 grams and so a kezayit is .85-.9 of a matza.] | ||
* However, Rav Ben Tzion Abba Shaul (Or Letzion vol 3, p 30) argues that the minhag only developed when matza had a similar density to water, but because our matza is thin and dry, there is no need to be stringent to calculate based on weight. Accordingly, he calculated a kezayit to be 29cc, which he says is less than 20 grams in weight.</ref> | * However, Rav Ben Tzion Abba Shaul (Or Letzion vol 3, p 30) argues that the minhag only developed when matza had a similar density to water, but because our matza is thin and dry, there is no need to be stringent to calculate based on weight. Accordingly, he calculated a kezayit to be 29cc, which he says is less than 20 grams in weight.</ref> | ||
===Someone who is sick=== | ===Someone who is sick=== | ||
# Someone who is sick and can’t eat so much Matzah can use the Kezayit evaluated according to a third of a KeBaytzah which according to Rav Chaim Noeh is 17.3 cc. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 486:1, Halichot Shlomo (pg 214 note 55) </ref> | # Someone who is sick and can’t eat so much Matzah can use the Kezayit evaluated according to a third of a KeBaytzah which according to Rav Chaim Noeh is 17.3 cc. <Ref>Mishna Brurah 486:1, Halichot Shlomo (pg 214 note 55) </ref> However, for a personal situation it would be advisable to consult one's Orthodox rabbi to determine the correct amount for one's individual situation.<ref>This is simply good advice so that the Rabbi is able to consider the situation and apply the appropriate leniencies one's individual situation. </ref> | ||
===Crumbs which were caught between one's teeth=== | ===Crumbs which were caught between one's teeth=== | ||
# What stays between one’s teeth isn’t counted towards the [[Kezayit]], however, that which is in one’s gums is counted towards the Kezayit. <Ref>Piskei Teshuvot 486:1, Natai Gavriel (vol 2, 91:7) </ref> | # What stays between one’s teeth isn’t counted towards the [[Kezayit]], however, that which is in one’s gums is counted towards the Kezayit. <Ref>Piskei Teshuvot 486:1, Natai Gavriel (vol 2, 91:7) </ref> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
