Required Amount of Matzah and Wine for the Seder: Difference between revisions
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Required Amount of Matzah and Wine for the Seder (view source)
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==Matzah== | ==Matzah== | ||
# There’s a positive mitzvah Deoritta to eat [[matza]] on the night of the 15th of Nissan. <ref>Rambam (Sefer HaMitzot #158) writes that eating [[matzah]] nowadays is a Mitzah Deoritta. See Chatom Sofer (CM 196 Hashmatot) who points out that [[Matzah]] is the only | # There’s a positive mitzvah Deoritta to eat [[matza]] on the night of the 15th of Nissan. <ref>Rambam (Sefer HaMitzot #158) writes that eating [[matzah]] nowadays is a Mitzah Deoritta. See Chatom Sofer (CM 196 Hashmatot) who points out that [[Matzah]] is the only biblical mitzvah we have nowadays. </ref> | ||
# There’s a mitzvah (which according to some is Deoritta) in eating more [[Matzah]] than the required amount. <Ref>Maharal in Gevurot Hashem chapter 48, Bach 472, Mikrei Kodesh siman 48, Sh”t Har Tzvi 2, and Natai Gavriel (vol 2, 90:26) hold that there’s a mitzvah of eating [[Matzah]] as much as one eats even beyond the actual requirement. See also the Emek Shelah (Yitro 53:4). Hagadat Be’er Miryam (pg 53) writes that another reason to eat more [[Matzah]] is because there’s a big confusion in the amount necessary and [[Matzah]] is a mitzvah Deoritta. Rav Mordechai Willig ([[Pesach]] To-Go, Nisan 5771, p. 60) quotes Rav Soloveitchik who derived this insight from the Rambam Chametz UMatzah 6:1.</ref> | # There’s a mitzvah (which according to some is Deoritta) in eating more [[Matzah]] than the required amount. <Ref>Maharal in Gevurot Hashem chapter 48, Bach 472, Mikrei Kodesh siman 48, Sh”t Har Tzvi 2, and Natai Gavriel (vol 2, 90:26) hold that there’s a mitzvah of eating [[Matzah]] as much as one eats even beyond the actual requirement. See also the Emek Shelah (Yitro 53:4). Hagadat Be’er Miryam (pg 53) writes that another reason to eat more [[Matzah]] is because there’s a big confusion in the amount necessary and [[Matzah]] is a mitzvah Deoritta. Rav Mordechai Willig ([[Pesach]] To-Go, Nisan 5771, p. 60) quotes Rav Soloveitchik who derived this insight from the Rambam Chametz UMatzah 6:1.</ref> | ||
===How much Matzah should one eat at the Seder?=== | ===How much Matzah should one eat at the Seder?=== | ||
# There's three times one should eat [[Matzah]] during the [[seder]]: [[Motzei Matzah]], [[Korech]], and [[Tzafun]] ([[Afikomen]]). To fulfill all of one’s obligations, one should eat 2 kezaytim for Motzi-[[Matza]], 1 [[Kezayit]] for [[Korech]], and 2 more kezaytim for [[Afikomen]]. All agree that having 2 kezaytim for [[Afikomen]] is merely preferable; one fulfills his obligation with 1 [[kezayit]]. <ref> | # There's three times one should eat [[Matzah]] during the [[seder]]: [[Motzei Matzah]], [[Korech]], and [[Tzafun]] ([[Afikomen]]). To fulfill all of one’s obligations, one should eat 2 kezaytim for Motzi-[[Matza]], 1 [[Kezayit]] for [[Korech]], and 2 more kezaytim for [[Afikomen]]. All agree that having 2 kezaytim for [[Afikomen]] is merely preferable; one fulfills his obligation with 1 [[kezayit]].<ref> | ||
* It is clear from the Gemara ([[Brachot]] 37b, Pesachim 108a and 119b) that one fulfills his obligation of eating [[matza]] with one [[kezayit]]. Rambam Chametz UMatzah 6:1 and Ritva Pesachim 35a write this explicitly. Nonetheless, the Rosh Pesachim 10:30 writes that one should eat a [[Kezayit]] of the whole [[matza]] and a [[Kezayit]] of the broken one. This Rosh is codified by the Tur and | * It is clear from the Gemara ([[Brachot]] 37b, Pesachim 108a and 119b) that one fulfills his obligation of eating [[matza]] with one [[kezayit]]. Rambam Chametz UMatzah 6:1 and Ritva Pesachim 35a write this explicitly. Nonetheless, the Rosh Pesachim 10:30 writes that one should eat a [[Kezayit]] of the whole [[matza]] and a [[Kezayit]] of the broken one. This Rosh is codified by the Tur and Shulchan Aruch O.C. 475:1. | ||
* Many achronim wonder where the Rosh found a source for requiring two kezaytim. Bach 475:3 suggests that the Rosh was strict for the opinion that one needs to eat a [[Kezayit]] each time one makes HaMotzi (a minority opinion rejected in | * Many achronim wonder where the Rosh found a source for requiring two kezaytim. Bach 475:3 suggests that the Rosh was strict for the opinion that one needs to eat a [[Kezayit]] each time one makes HaMotzi (a minority opinion rejected in Shulchan Aruch O.C. 210:1). The Prisha 475:2 explains that the Rosh meant since there is a dispute in the Rishonim whether the Al Achilat [[Matza]] should be made on the broken one (Rashi Pesachim 116a) or the whole [[matza]] (Hahagot Maimon ([[Seder]] #7)), one should have a [[Kezayit]] from both. This sentiment is echoed by the Taz 475:2 and Mishna Brurah 475:9. Indeed the student of the Trumat Hadeshen, the Leket Yosher (OC 92a) asks and presents this answer though he isn't satisfied with it. | ||
* Despite the questions of the achronim, the Rosh’s view is accepted by most acharonim, including Magen Avraham 475:4, S”A HaRav (Piskei HaSeder), Kitzur | * Despite the questions of the achronim, the Rosh’s view is accepted by most acharonim, including Magen Avraham 475:4, S”A HaRav (Piskei HaSeder), Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 199:5, Aruch HaShulchan 475:5, and Chazon Ovadyah (p. 65). See, however, Orchot Rabbenu (vol 2, p. 70) who writes that Chazon Ish personally ate only one [[Kezayit]] because he held the halacha doesn’t follow the Rosh. | ||
* For [[Korech]], Mishna Brurah 475:16 writes that a [[Kezayit]] of [[matza]] is needed. Kitzur | * For [[Korech]], Mishna Brurah 475:16 writes that a [[Kezayit]] of [[matza]] is needed. Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 199:7, Nitei Gavriel 59:1, and Chazon Ovadyah (p. 100) agree. | ||
* Regarding [[Afikomen]], | * Regarding [[Afikomen]], Shulchan Aruch O.C. 477:1 rules that one should eat one [[Kezayit]] of [[matza]]. Darkei Moshe 477:2 quotes the Maharil that it is preferable to have 2 kezaytim. Magen Avraham 477:1 explains that one is in commemoration of the Korban [[Pesach]] and one for the [[matza]] eaten with it. Many achronim quote the Maharil including the Taz 477:1, Kitzur S”A 119:8, Mishna Brurah 477:1, Kaf HaChaim 477:1, and Chazon Ovadyah (p. 106).</ref> | ||
# For Motzi-[[Matza]], many authorities write that if the matzot of the head of the house don’t suffice for 2 kezaytim for each person, one fulfills his mitzvah by eating a bit from the whole [[matza]] and 1 other [[Kezayit]] (and not 2).<ref> Rav Shlomo Zalman in Halichot Shlomo 9:40 rules that if the head of the house’s three matzot do not suffice for the [[Kezayit]] for each person, each person should just have a piece from the whole [[matza]] and eat a single [[Kezayit]] of [[matza]] from other shemura [[matza]]. He explains that according to the Prisha, if one isn’t eating from the head of house’s matzot, there’s no safek upon which [[matza]] one makes Al Achilat [[Matza]], so there is no need to eat an extra [[kezayit]]. Chazon Ovadyah (p. 65), Haggadah Moadim UZmanim (p. 97), and [[Seder]] HaAruch (p 455) quoting Rav Elyashiv agree. Rav Dovid Feinstein in Haggadah Kol Dodi (5745 edition, 14:3) says the same idea. See, however, also Sh"t Igrot Moshe OC 5:16 who thinks that one should avoid this situation by everyone having their three matzot. On that last point, see the full discussion [[Setting_the_Table#Seder_Plate_.28Kaarah.29|here]].</ref> | # For Motzi-[[Matza]], many authorities write that if the matzot of the head of the house don’t suffice for 2 kezaytim for each person, one fulfills his mitzvah by eating a bit from the whole [[matza]] and 1 other [[Kezayit]] (and not 2).<ref> Rav Shlomo Zalman in Halichot Shlomo 9:40 rules that if the head of the house’s three matzot do not suffice for the [[Kezayit]] for each person, each person should just have a piece from the whole [[matza]] and eat a single [[Kezayit]] of [[matza]] from other shemura [[matza]]. He explains that according to the Prisha, if one isn’t eating from the head of house’s matzot, there’s no safek upon which [[matza]] one makes Al Achilat [[Matza]], so there is no need to eat an extra [[kezayit]]. Chazon Ovadyah (p. 65), Haggadah Moadim UZmanim (p. 97), and [[Seder]] HaAruch (p 455) quoting Rav Elyashiv agree. Rav Dovid Feinstein in Haggadah Kol Dodi (5745 edition, 14:3) says the same idea. See, however, also Sh"t Igrot Moshe OC 5:16 who thinks that one should avoid this situation by everyone having their three matzot. On that last point, see the full discussion [[Setting_the_Table#Seder_Plate_.28Kaarah.29|here]].</ref> | ||
## After the fact in any event if one had one kezayit of matzah for motzei matzah from both the broken and whole matzah one fulfills one's obligation.<ref>Mishna Brurah 475:11. In the shaar hatziyun he cites the Shulchan Aruch Harav and adds that it is obvious.</ref> | |||
# Practically, how large in a [[Kezayit]] in terms of the amount of [[Matzah]] one should eat? | # Practically, how large in a [[Kezayit]] in terms of the amount of [[Matzah]] one should eat? | ||
## According to Ashkenazim, for [[Motzei Matzah]], some say that one should eat 4/5 of a machine [[matzah]], some say 2/3 of a [[matzah]], and others say 1 [[matzah]]. For [[Korech]], some say that one should eat 2/5 of a [[matzah]], some say less than 1/2 of a [[matzah]], and others say 2/3 of a [[matzah]]. For [[Afikomen]], some say that one should eat 4/5, some say more than 1/2, and others 1 [[matzah]].<ref> | ## According to Ashkenazim, for [[Motzei Matzah]], some say that one should eat 4/5 of a machine [[matzah]], some say 2/3 of a [[matzah]], and others say 1 [[matzah]]. For [[Korech]], some say that one should eat 2/5 of a [[matzah]], some say less than 1/2 of a [[matzah]], and others say 2/3 of a [[matzah]]. For [[Afikomen]], some say that one should eat 4/5, some say more than 1/2, and others 1 [[matzah]].<ref> | ||
