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Raw or Roasted Grains: Difference between revisions
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The bracha on granola bars involves complex halachic questions regarding the complex ingredients of granola bars. For the sake of preserving the depth of the issue, we present some background of the topic, however, the bottom lines are explained below. Also, see our [http://halachipedia.com/documents/5775/Granola_Bars_Chart.pdf chart for the bracha on granola bars]. | |||
==Background== | ==Background== | ||
* The gemara [[Brachot]] 37a states that the bracha for raw grain is HaAdama. | * The gemara [[Brachot]] 37a states that the bracha for raw grain is HaAdama. | ||
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==Bracha Achrona== | ==Bracha Achrona== | ||
# Because there’s a dispute concerning [[Bracha Achrona]], one should be strict not to eat it except as part of a meal. <Ref>S”A 208:4 in name of Tosfot writes that since there’s a doubt about the Bracha achrona one should be strict to only eat in a meal where the [[Birkat HaMazon]] will exempt it from [[Bracha Achrona]]. Sefer Brachat HaNehenin pg 147 writes the name of Rabbi Shlomo Zalman that it’s only a preferable and proper but not necessary. However, Zvot HaBracha (pg 103) argues that it’s certainly necessary to have it in a meal since we really do follow this opinion of Tosfot. </ref> Some suggest that one may avoid the doubt about the Bracha achrona by having two foods, one that requires a [[Boreh Nefashot]], and one that requires an [[Al HaMichya]]. <Ref> The Aruch HaShulchan (208:9) and Or Letzion (vol 2, 14:21) suggest that an advise to avoid the doubt of which Bracha to make is to have two foods, one that has the Bracha of boreh nefashot and one that has the Bracha of [[Al HaMichya]]. VeZot HaBracha (pg 379 note 8) brings Rabbi Binyamin Forst who argues that this advise isn’t helpful to remove oneself from the doubt (since Tosfot’s opinion wasn’t to make an [[Al HaMichya]] on the raw kernels but an Al HaPri, an emended text of [[Al HaMichya]].) Nonetheless, VeZot HaBracha defends this advise of the Aruch HaShulchan and quotes Rabbi Elyashiv who also says one may rely on it after the fact (that one didn’t have it in a meal.) The suggestion of the Aruch Hashulchan seems to be explicitly supported by the Raavan (Brachot n. 190). See Birkat Hashem (vol 2, 2:8) who writes that it’s enough just to have a food that requires a [[Boreh Nefashot]] to cover the kernels. </ref> | # Because there’s a dispute concerning [[Bracha Achrona]], one should be strict not to eat it except as part of a meal. <Ref>S”A 208:4 in name of Tosfot writes that since there’s a doubt about the Bracha achrona one should be strict to only eat in a meal where the [[Birkat HaMazon]] will exempt it from [[Bracha Achrona]]. Sefer Brachat HaNehenin pg 147 writes the name of Rabbi Shlomo Zalman that it’s only a preferable and proper but not necessary. However, Zvot HaBracha (pg 103) argues that it’s certainly necessary to have it in a meal since we really do follow this opinion of Tosfot. </ref> Some suggest that one may avoid the doubt about the Bracha achrona by having two foods, one that requires a [[Boreh Nefashot]], and one that requires an [[Al HaMichya]]. <Ref> The Aruch HaShulchan (208:9) and Or Letzion (vol 2, 14:21) suggest that an advise to avoid the doubt of which Bracha to make is to have two foods, one that has the Bracha of boreh nefashot and one that has the Bracha of [[Al HaMichya]]. VeZot HaBracha (pg 379 note 8) brings Rabbi Binyamin Forst who argues that this advise isn’t helpful to remove oneself from the doubt (since Tosfot’s opinion wasn’t to make an [[Al HaMichya]] on the raw kernels but an Al HaPri, an emended text of [[Al HaMichya]].) Nonetheless, VeZot HaBracha defends this advise of the Aruch HaShulchan and quotes Rabbi Elyashiv who also says one may rely on it after the fact (that one didn’t have it in a meal.) The suggestion of the Aruch Hashulchan seems to be explicitly supported by the Raavan (Brachot n. 190). See Birkat Hashem (vol 2, 2:8) who writes that it’s enough just to have a food that requires a [[Boreh Nefashot]] to cover the kernels. </ref> | ||
# However, if one did go ahead and eat a [[Kezayit]] of raw wheat (or any of the five grains) one should make a [[Boreh Nefashot]]. <Ref> | # However, if one did go ahead and eat a [[Kezayit]] of raw wheat (or any of the five grains) one should make a [[Boreh Nefashot]]. <Ref>Magen Avraham 208:7 writes that since Bet Yosef really holds like the Rambam one should make a [[Boreh Nefashot]]. [Birkat Hashem (vol 2, pg 128) comments that from Bet Yosef it seems the opposite, however from S”A it seems that we hold like Rambam.] This is also the opinion of the Mishna Brurah 208:18 and Kaf HaChaim 208:29. However, Birkat Hashem (vol 2 pg 112 note 8), Yalkut Yosef ([[Brachot]] pg 482 note 7) and Or Letzion (vol 2, 14:21) hold that there’s no Bracha achrona since there’s a doubt as to the proper Bracha and we follow the rule of [[Safek Brachot LeHakel]]. Nonetheless, [[Rabbi Ovadyah Yosef]] in Chazon Ovadyah ([[Brachot]] pg 183) rules that one may make the Bracha since the majority of Rishonim hold like the Rambam including S”A. [This ruling on it’s own is very strange considering that Rabbi Ovadyah holds of [[Safek Brachot LeHakel]] even against S”A. Therefore,] Halacha Brurah 208:18 adds that really there’s a Safek Safeka here considering that 1) perhaps we hold like the Rambam and we should make a [[Boreh Nefashot]], and 2) even if we hold like the Tosfot perhaps [[Boreh Nefashot]] covers the Bracha of [[Al HaMichya]] (like Sh”t Ginat Veradim 1:15 unlike most achronim as in Sh”t Yabia Omer 1:12). Based on this Safek Safeka and the fact that S”A holds that a Bracha should be made, one may make [[Boreh Nefashot]]. [This ruling seems to be in line with Sh”t Chazon Ovadyah vol 2 pg 866 that by a double Safek with S”A holding one may make the Bracha, there’s enough to rely on to make the Bracha.] [It seems that Yalkut Yosef would retract after seeing the Chazon Ovadyah.] </ref> | ||
== Puffed wheat == | == Puffed wheat == | ||
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==Granola== | ==Granola== | ||
# Many poskim rule that granola (made from toasted grain) is HaAdama (regarding [[Bracha Achrona]] [[#Bracha Achrona|see above]])<Ref>Veten Bracha (Halachos of Brochos by Rabbi Bodner chapter 4, pg 67 and chapter 27, pg 505) quotes Rav Shlomo Zalman, and Vezot HaBracha (chap 12, pg 103) quotes Rav Elyashiv saying that granola is HaAdama because it’s considered a roasted grain. </ref> while others consider it to be mezonot.<ref>[http://www.star-k.org/kashrus/kk-brochosforbreakfast-fall06.htm Rabbi Heber from star-K] in explaining the opinion of Rav Heinemann</ref> Some say that if the particles adhere together the Bracha is [[Mezonot]], and if they do not the Bracha is HaAdama. <Ref>Laws of [[Brachos]] (Rabbi Forst, pg 369) </ref> | # Many poskim rule that granola (made from toasted grain) is HaAdama (regarding [[Bracha Achrona]] [[#Bracha Achrona|see above]])<Ref>Veten Bracha (Halachos of Brochos by Rabbi Bodner chapter 4, pg 67 and chapter 27, pg 505) quotes Rav Shlomo Zalman, and Vezot HaBracha (chap 12, pg 103) quotes Rav Elyashiv saying that granola is HaAdama because it’s considered a roasted grain. [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/839951/Rabbi_Hershel_Schachter/Jewish_Heritage_Tour_of_Hungary_Part_10_of_10 Rav Hershel Schachter in a shiur on yutorah.org] explained that it is Haadama since it is mostly from oats or it is the primary ingredient and since it isn't cooked regularly it is considered like raw grain.</ref> while others consider it to be mezonot.<ref>[http://www.star-k.org/kashrus/kk-brochosforbreakfast-fall06.htm Rabbi Heber from star-K] in explaining the opinion of Rav Heinemann</ref> Some say that if the particles adhere together the Bracha is [[Mezonot]], and if they do not the Bracha is HaAdama. <Ref>Laws of [[Brachos]] (Rabbi Forst, pg 369) </ref> | ||
# According to Sephardim the bracha on granola is haadama.<ref>Chazon Ovadia (Brachot p. 183) wrote that puffed wheat is haadama based on the ruling of Rav Shlomo Zalman and Rav Elyashiv (as cited in Vezot Habracha p. 105). Additionally, Rav Moshe in Igrot Moshe OC 4:44 writes that since the grain went through some process of cooking but not completely it retains its status as haadama. Vezot Habracha (p. 105) quotes Rav Elyashiv and Rav Sheinberg as saying that the bracha on granola is the same as puffed wheat since it is a similar process of a semi-cooking. Granola is rolled oats which are dehusked, steamed, and roasted when rolled thin. Yalkut Yosef (English Brachot p. 194) writes that granola which was steamed (which is the common case) is haadama, though there is no bracha achrona. Rav Avraham Yosef on [http://shut.moreshet.co.il/shut2.asp?id=143767 moreshet.co.il] and Rav Yakov Sasson on [http://halachayomit.co.il/he/QuestionDetails.aspx?ID=884 halachayomit.co.il] write that granola is haadama. See Sh"t Rishon Ltzion 2:20 who discusses granola which is mezonot. There is referring to cooked oats as is evident in the English Yalkut Yosef.</ref> | |||
==Cookie Dough== | ==Cookie Dough== | ||
