Rabbenu Tam Tefillin: Difference between revisions
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===The Truth=== | ===The Truth=== | ||
Due to the unresolved nature of the dispute between Rashi and Rabbenu Tam as to how to order the Parshiot, Shulchan Aruch (Orach Chaim 34:2) recommends that a God-fearing person wear both to satisify both opinions. As we do not know which is correct and which is not, one should have in mind/stipulate that "if Rashi's view is the truth (Emet), then the Rashi Tefillin should count as Tefillin and the Rabbeinu Tam ones should be ''retzuot be'alma'' (mere straps), and "if Rabbenu Tam's view is the Emet, then the Rabbeinu Tam Tefillin should count as Tefillin and the Rashi ones should be ''retzuot be'alma'' to avoid violating the prohibition of [[Bal Tosif]].<ref>Shulchan Aruch (Orach Chaim 34:2)</ref> | Due to the unresolved nature of the dispute between Rashi and Rabbenu Tam as to how to order the Parshiot, Shulchan Aruch (Orach Chaim 34:2) recommends that a God-fearing person wear both to satisify both opinions. As we do not know which is correct and which is not, one should have in mind/stipulate that "if Rashi's view is the truth (Emet), then the Rashi Tefillin should count as Tefillin and the Rabbeinu Tam ones should be ''retzuot be'alma'' (mere straps), and "if Rabbenu Tam's view is the Emet, then the Rabbeinu Tam Tefillin should count as Tefillin and the Rashi ones should be ''retzuot be'alma'' to avoid violating the prohibition of [[Bal Tosif]].<ref>Shulchan Aruch (Orach Chaim 34:2)</ref> | ||
At the same time, from a Kabbalistic perspective, there is actually no dispute at all, and they are, in fact, both Emet and mandated by the Torah. Accordingly, the stipulation should be modified with an additional clause that "If the Kabbalah is true, then they should both count as Tefillin.<ref>Ohr LeTzion 2:3:8</ref> Nevertheless, this modification is decried as a violation of "Bal Tosif" by those who are not as taken by this view.<ref>Yabia Omer vol. 9 OC 108:21</ref> | At the same time, from a Kabbalistic perspective, there is actually no dispute at all, and they are, in fact, both Emet and mandated by the Torah. Accordingly, the stipulation should be modified with an additional clause that "If the Kabbalah is true, then they should both count as Tefillin.<ref>Ohr LeTzion 2:3:8</ref> Nevertheless, this modification is decried as a violation of "Bal Tosif" by those who are not as taken by this view.<ref>Yabia Omer vol. 9 OC 108:21. See Yalkut Yosef (Orach Chaim 34:1) at length in the footnotes</ref> | ||
===Who Should Wear Rabbenu Tam Tefillin?=== | ===Who Should Wear Rabbenu Tam Tefillin?=== | ||
# Originally, primarily pious individuals had the practice of wearing both [[Tefillin]] of [[Rashi]] and Rabbenu Tam, and it would be haughty for a common person to attempt to mimic their practices. Nowadays, it is very common for people of a variety of levels of spiritual stature to wear them, so the issue of looking haughty or arrogant no longer applies.<ref>Kitzur Shulchan Aruch of Rav Rephael Baruch Toledano, siman 10, the order of the donning, seif 2. Shulchan Aruch 34:2-3 rules that that the especially pious should wear both sets but adds that only one commonly known to be especially pious may do so, so as not to appear as arrogant in one's piety. However, many Acharonim write that since it has become the practice of many common people to wear both [[Tefillin]] of Rashi and Rabbenu Tam it is not considered an issue of arrogance to wear both pairs of [[Tefillin]]. See Aruch Hashulchan 34:5, Or LeTzion 2:3:8, 11, Halacha Brurah (Rabbi David Yosef, 34:1) for more sources. Sh"t Yabia Omer OC 3:4 writes that if one has this stringency he should remove the [[Rashi]] and place the Rabbeinu Tam before the [[kedusha]] of "uva litzion".<br/> | # Originally, primarily pious individuals had the practice of wearing both [[Tefillin]] of [[Rashi]] and Rabbenu Tam, and it would be haughty for a common person to attempt to mimic their practices. Nowadays, it is very common for people of a variety of levels of spiritual stature to wear them, so the issue of looking haughty or arrogant no longer applies.<ref>Kitzur Shulchan Aruch of Rav Rephael Baruch Toledano, siman 10, the order of the donning, seif 2. Shulchan Aruch 34:2-3 rules that that the especially pious should wear both sets but adds that only one commonly known to be especially pious may do so, so as not to appear as arrogant in one's piety. However, many Acharonim write that since it has become the practice of many common people to wear both [[Tefillin]] of Rashi and Rabbenu Tam it is not considered an issue of arrogance to wear both pairs of [[Tefillin]]. See Aruch Hashulchan 34:5, Or LeTzion 2:3:8, 11, Yalkut Yosef (Orach Chaim 34:3), Halacha Brurah (Rabbi David Yosef, 34:1) for more sources. Sh"t Yabia Omer OC 3:4 writes that if one has this stringency he should remove the [[Rashi]] and place the Rabbeinu Tam before the [[kedusha]] of "uva litzion".<br/> | ||
In Morocco, very few people wore Rabbenu Tam Tefillin, and even those who did did so privately. Nevertheless, nowadays that it is more commonplace for even common people to wear them, Rav Mordechai Lebhar (Magen Avot, Orach Chaim 34:2 reports that Rav Elyashiv, Rav Meshash, and Mav Shternbuch think it is fine for one to wear them and not be concerned or Yuhara. See Shemesh uMagen 3:58:4 and Mikveh Hamayim 6:6.</ref> | In Morocco, very few people wore Rabbenu Tam Tefillin, and even those who did did so privately. Nevertheless, nowadays that it is more commonplace for even common people to wear them, Rav Mordechai Lebhar (Magen Avot, Orach Chaim 34:2 reports that Rav Elyashiv, Rav Meshash, and Mav Shternbuch think it is fine for one to wear them and not be concerned or Yuhara. See Shemesh uMagen 3:58:4 and Mikveh Hamayim 6:6.</ref> | ||
# In general, unmarried individuals should not wear [[Tefillin]] of Rabbenu Tam unless they know that they are capable of having pure thoughts for as long as they are wearing [[Tefillin]].<ref>Halacha Brurah 34:2. Chacham Ben-zion Abba Shaul Sh"t Or Letzion 2:13:11 also writes that Sephardim should only wear Rabbenu Tam [[Tefillin]] after [[marriage]]. Divrei Yatziv 42 and Mishneh Halachot 6:12 agree</ref> The custom of Chabad Chassidim is for every boy to wear them from the age of Bar Mitzvah, including the preparation time before his Bar Mitzvah.<ref>[https://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=15787&st=&pgnum=69 Shaarei Halacha uMinhag Orach Chaim 1:29], [https://www.sie.org/templates/sie/article_cdo/aid/4160953/jewish/The-Tefillin-of-Rabbeinu-Tam.htm The Tefillin of Rabbeinu Tam]. See Likutei Sichos Purim 5736, Motza'ei Va'eira 5739, and Pekudei 5741.</ref> | # In general, unmarried individuals should not wear [[Tefillin]] of Rabbenu Tam unless they know that they are capable of having pure thoughts for as long as they are wearing [[Tefillin]].<ref>Halacha Brurah 34:2. Chacham Ben-zion Abba Shaul Sh"t Or Letzion 2:13:11 also writes that Sephardim should only wear Rabbenu Tam [[Tefillin]] after [[marriage]]. Divrei Yatziv 42 and Mishneh Halachot 6:12 agree</ref> The custom of Chabad Chassidim is for every boy to wear them from the age of Bar Mitzvah, including the preparation time before his Bar Mitzvah.<ref>[https://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=15787&st=&pgnum=69 Shaarei Halacha uMinhag Orach Chaim 1:29], [https://www.sie.org/templates/sie/article_cdo/aid/4160953/jewish/The-Tefillin-of-Rabbeinu-Tam.htm The Tefillin of Rabbeinu Tam]. See Likutei Sichos Purim 5736, Motza'ei Va'eira 5739, and Pekudei 5741.</ref> | ||
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===How to Wear Rabbeinu Tam Tefillin=== | ===How to Wear Rabbeinu Tam Tefillin=== | ||
# One puts on the Rabbenu Tam Tefillin after praying Shacharit with Rashi Tefillin, before Ashrei or Uva Letzion.<ref>Or LeTzion 2:3:8, Yabia Omer vol. 9 OC 108:21</ref> | # One puts on the Rabbenu Tam Tefillin after praying Shacharit with Rashi Tefillin, before Ashrei or Uva Letzion.<ref>Or LeTzion 2:3:8, Yabia Omer vol. 9 OC 108:21</ref> | ||
# Although no Beracha is recited on Rabbeinu Tam Tefillin,<ref>Shulchan Aruch (Orach Chaim 34:2)</ref> one should not speak between putting on the shel yad and the shel rosh.<ref>Kaf HaChaim (Orach Chaim 25:52)</ref> He may, however, answer Amen to [[Kaddish]], [[Kedusha]], and [[Berachot]], but not [[Baruch Hu uVaruch Shemo]] to Hashem's name,<ref>Shu"t Yabia Omer 3:3, 9 OC 108:27</ref> but one should not put them on during or right before [[Kaddish]] or [[Kedusha]] in the first place.<ref>Or Letzion 2:3:10</ref> Note how some argue one may not answer at all.<Ref>Rav Pe'alim 3:2:2</ref> | # Although no Beracha is recited on Rabbeinu Tam Tefillin,<ref>Shulchan Aruch (Orach Chaim 34:2)</ref> one should not speak between putting on the shel yad and the shel rosh.<ref>Kaf HaChaim (Orach Chaim 25:52)</ref> He may, however, answer Amen to [[Kaddish]], [[Kedusha]], and [[Berachot]], but not [[Baruch Hu uVaruch Shemo]] to Hashem's name,<ref>Shu"t Yabia Omer 3:3, 9 OC 108:27, Yalkut Yosef (Orach Chaim 34:5)</ref> but one should not put them on during or right before [[Kaddish]] or [[Kedusha]] in the first place.<ref>Or Letzion 2:3:10</ref> Note how some argue one may not answer at all.<Ref>Rav Pe'alim 3:2:2</ref> To avoid this issue further, one should not switch them during Chazarat HaShatz.<ref>Yalkut Yosef (Orach Chaim 34:7)</ref> | ||
# If one mistakenly put on Rabbenu Tam first, some poskim say to recite a bracha when putting on the [Rashi]] [[Tefillin]].<ref> Ben Ish Chai Vayera 24. Rav Ovadia Yosef in Halichot Olam volume 1 page 26 says that this is only if the person has prayed something in between but if he remembers immediately no bracha should be recited. </ref> | # If one mistakenly put on Rabbenu Tam first, some poskim say to recite a bracha when putting on the [Rashi]] [[Tefillin]].<ref> Ben Ish Chai Vayera 24. Rav Ovadia Yosef in Halichot Olam volume 1 page 26 says that this is only if the person has prayed something in between but if he remembers immediately no bracha should be recited. </ref> | ||
# One should intend to fulfill the mitzvah as discussed above ("The Truth"). | # One should intend to fulfill the mitzvah as discussed above ("The Truth"). | ||
# The Gemara states how there is room on the head for two pairs of Tefillin; therefore, some say one should ideally wear both Rashi and Rabbenu Tam at the same time, one in front of the other. Since this is only possible if one has Tefillin that are small enough and ensures that the parshiot were prepared and inserted by an expert sofer, many recommend just wearing them consecutively.<Ref>Or LeTzion 2:3:8, Yabia Omer vol. 9 OC 108:21. See Yaskil Avdi O.C. 8:22, Yabia Omer vol. 1 OC 3</ref> If one attempts to wear them both at the same time, he should make sure the | # The Gemara states how there is room on the head for two pairs of Tefillin; therefore, some say one should ideally wear both Rashi and Rabbenu Tam at the same time, one in front of the other. Since this is only possible if one has Tefillin that are small enough to fit in the appropriate spaces on one's body and ensures that the parshiot were prepared and inserted by an expert sofer, many recommend just wearing them consecutively. If nobody else in the synagogue wears both at the same time, it's also better to wear them consecutively.<Ref>Or LeTzion 2:3:8, Yabia Omer vol. 9 OC 108:21, Yalkut Yosef (Orach Chaim 34:2). See Yaskil Avdi O.C. 8:22, Yabia Omer vol. 1 OC 3</ref> If one attempts to wear them both at the same time, he should make sure the boxes and knots of the Shel Roshs do not overlap, but it's fine if the straps overlap.<ref>Ohr LeTzion 2:3:9, Yabia Omer 9 OC 108:26, Yalkut Yosef (Orach Chaim 34:4). See Yabia Omer 5 OC 5, Halichot Olam 1 pg 24</ref> | ||
# One need not be concerned for Lo Titgodedu when wearing Rabenu Tam Tefillin in a place where nobody else does, and he may put them on after Ashrei<ref>Yalkut Yosef (Orach Chaim 34:1), Yalkut Yosef (Orach Chaim 34:8)</ref> Some recommend one wear them at home instead.<ref>Yalkut Yosef (Orach Chaim 34:8)</ref> | |||
# The [[Rashi]] and Rabbenu Tam [[Tefillin]] should be placed in separate bags.<ref>Because one of them is absolutely kodesh and the other not. Shulchan Aruch (Orach Chaim 34:4), Kitzur Shulchan Aruch of Rav Rephael Baruch Toledano, siman 10, the order of the donning, seif 5 </ref> | # The [[Rashi]] and Rabbenu Tam [[Tefillin]] should be placed in separate bags.<ref>Because one of them is absolutely kodesh and the other not. Shulchan Aruch (Orach Chaim 34:4), Kitzur Shulchan Aruch of Rav Rephael Baruch Toledano, siman 10, the order of the donning, seif 5 </ref> | ||
