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Prohibition to Lie: Difference between revisions
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==Origin== | ==Origin== | ||
# The posuk in the Torah says that one should further himself from lying. <ref> Parshas Shemos 23:7, see Rambam Hilchos De'os 5:7, Shulchan Aruch C.M. 262:21, Mishnah Berurah O.C. 25:14, Mesilas Yesharim 11. Refer to Rambam Sefer Hamitzvahs Lo Sasei 281 who includes the issur of lying in the issur of saying Hashem's name in vain regarding bais din. Lying is disgusted in the eyes of all, and there is nothing more disgusting than lying. Hashem is truth, and beracha only goes on someone who wants to go in the ways of Hashem. Therefore, the Torah tells us to further ourselves from lying. Pela Yoetz Sheker page 558, Sefas Tamim 6:page 24 write that no other aveirah does the Torah use the words "to further" except for lying therefore one must be careful with this even when it would only appear to be a lie. The issur is not only not to say a lie but to further oneself from a lie (Niv Sefasayim page 10). </ref> | # The posuk in the Torah says that one should further himself from lying. <ref> Parshas Shemos 23:7, see Rambam Hilchos De'os 5:7, Shulchan Aruch C.M. 262:21, Mishnah Berurah O.C. 25:14, Mesilas Yesharim 11. Refer to Rambam Sefer Hamitzvahs Lo Sasei 281 who includes the issur of lying in the issur of saying Hashem's name in vain regarding bais din. Lying is disgusted in the eyes of all, and there is nothing more disgusting than lying. Hashem is truth, and beracha only goes on someone who wants to go in the ways of Hashem. Therefore, the Torah tells us to further ourselves from lying. Pela Yoetz Sheker page 558, Sefas Tamim 6:page 24 write that no other aveirah does the Torah use the words "to further" except for lying therefore one must be careful with this even when it would only appear to be a lie. The issur is not only not to say a lie but to further oneself from a lie (Niv Sefasayim page 10). </ref> | ||
# The opinion of a few poskim is that this issur is talking about a person swearing in Bais Din,<ref>Ibn Ezra Shemot 23:7, see Orach Mesharim 9:footnote 1 in depth, Modanei Yom Tov 2:pages 463-464). Refer to Mesechtas Shavuos 30b. </ref> or if it might cause damage.<ref>Refer to Sefer Yeraim 235, Rambam Hilchos De’os 5:13, Derech Sicha 1:pages 306-307, 2:page 134. </ref> (According to this lying is permitted in many situations, see below), while most poskim<ref>Refer to Kovetz Bais Aron V’Yisroel 59:pages 70-75 in great depth. </ref> hold there is an issur even if the lying does not fall into the above categories.<ref>Refer to Semak 227, Shlah Shar Osios Shin, Chinuch ibid, Reishis Chuchma Shar Hakedusha 12:60, Shulchan Aruch Y.D. 402:12, Aruch L’ner Mesechtas Yevamos 65b “ko sumro,” Sefas Tamim 1:page 7, 6:page 24, Chofetz chaim pesicha asei 13, 1:1:1, Chazzon Ish Emunah and Betachon 4:13:page 55, Tzitz Eliezer 15:12:2, Niv Sefasayim pages 2-3, 2:pages 1-4. Refer to Michtav M’Eliyahu 1:pages 94-96 who explains what lying and truth are. </ref> | # The opinion of a few poskim is that this issur is talking about a person swearing in Bais Din,<ref>Ibn Ezra Shemot 23:7, see Orach Mesharim 9:footnote 1 in depth, Modanei [[Yom Tov]] 2:pages 463-464). Refer to Mesechtas Shavuos 30b. </ref> or if it might cause damage.<ref>Refer to Sefer Yeraim 235, Rambam Hilchos De’os 5:13, Derech Sicha 1:pages 306-307, 2:page 134. </ref> (According to this lying is permitted in many situations, see below), while most poskim<ref>Refer to Kovetz Bais Aron V’Yisroel 59:pages 70-75 in great depth. </ref> hold there is an issur even if the lying does not fall into the above categories.<ref>Refer to Semak 227, Shlah Shar Osios Shin, Chinuch ibid, Reishis Chuchma Shar Hakedusha 12:60, Shulchan Aruch Y.D. 402:12, Aruch L’ner Mesechtas Yevamos 65b “ko sumro,” Sefas Tamim 1:page 7, 6:page 24, Chofetz chaim pesicha asei 13, 1:1:1, Chazzon Ish Emunah and Betachon 4:13:page 55, Tzitz Eliezer 15:12:2, Niv Sefasayim pages 2-3, 2:pages 1-4. Refer to Michtav M’Eliyahu 1:pages 94-96 who explains what lying and truth are. </ref> | ||
==Listening to a lie== | ==Listening to a lie== | ||
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==Children== | ==Children== | ||
# One should teach children that lying is not allowed and one should stand guard on this.<ref>Pela Yoetz Sheker page 559, Sefas Tamim 6:page 24, Niv Sefasayim pages 124-125. </ref> One should not tell a child that you will give him something and then not fulfill your words, because doing so is teaching the child to lie.<ref>Mesechtas Succah 44b, see Yirmiyah 9:4, Rambam, Hilchos Shavuos 12:8, Pela Yoetz Sheker ibid, Orach Mesharim 9:2, Chinuch Yisroel 1:pages 306-307, Sefas Tamim 6:page 24, Modanei Yom Tov 2:pages 467-468, V’eim Lumo Michshal 2:page 239:12. Emes Koneh pages 72-74 in great depth. </ref> One who hears his children talking loshon hara, lying etc has a mitzvah to stop them from doing so.<ref>Mishnah Berurah 443:3. The Orchos Rabbeinu 1:page 252.:12 says to only tell children true stories. </ref> One should try to avoid pretending to eat food in order to make the child eat as well since this will teach the child that not doing the truth is allowed.<ref>Refer to Emes Koneh page 40:footnote 10. </ref> | # One should teach children that lying is not allowed and one should stand guard on this.<ref>Pela Yoetz Sheker page 559, Sefas Tamim 6:page 24, Niv Sefasayim pages 124-125. </ref> One should not tell a child that you will give him something and then not fulfill your words, because doing so is teaching the child to lie.<ref>Mesechtas Succah 44b, see Yirmiyah 9:4, Rambam, Hilchos Shavuos 12:8, Pela Yoetz Sheker ibid, Orach Mesharim 9:2, Chinuch Yisroel 1:pages 306-307, Sefas Tamim 6:page 24, Modanei [[Yom Tov]] 2:pages 467-468, V’eim Lumo Michshal 2:page 239:12. Emes Koneh pages 72-74 in great depth. </ref> One who hears his children talking loshon hara, lying etc has a mitzvah to stop them from doing so.<ref>Mishnah Berurah 443:3. The Orchos Rabbeinu 1:page 252.:12 says to only tell children true stories. </ref> One should try to avoid pretending to eat food in order to make the child eat as well since this will teach the child that not doing the truth is allowed.<ref>Refer to Emes Koneh page 40:footnote 10. </ref> | ||
# Many times one is learning with a child and he comes to a point where if he says the real peshat it will not be tzniusdik. The question is if one is allowed to veer from the real peshat? The opinion of the poskim is that one should say the real peshat and nothing will happen to the child by doing so.<ref>Titen Emes L’Yaakov page 84 quoting the opinion of both Harav Elyashiv Shlita and Harav Shlomo Zalman Aurbach zt”l. </ref> | # Many times one is learning with a child and he comes to a point where if he says the real peshat it will not be tzniusdik. The question is if one is allowed to veer from the real peshat? The opinion of the poskim is that one should say the real peshat and nothing will happen to the child by doing so.<ref>Titen Emes L’Yaakov page 84 quoting the opinion of both Harav Elyashiv Shlita and Harav Shlomo Zalman Aurbach zt”l. </ref> | ||
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# One who is shipping fragile objects such as matzah can write the word "glass" on the box in order that it should be dealt with properly.<ref>Opinions of Harav Elyashiv Shlita, Harav Fisher zt”l and Harav Chaim Kanievesky Shlita quoted in Titen Emes L’Yaakov pages 91-92. Refer to Teshuvos V’hanhugos 2:523 how this applies to shipping a sefer Torah. </ref> | # One who is shipping fragile objects such as matzah can write the word "glass" on the box in order that it should be dealt with properly.<ref>Opinions of Harav Elyashiv Shlita, Harav Fisher zt”l and Harav Chaim Kanievesky Shlita quoted in Titen Emes L’Yaakov pages 91-92. Refer to Teshuvos V’hanhugos 2:523 how this applies to shipping a sefer Torah. </ref> | ||
===For peace=== | ===For peace=== | ||
# One is allowed to lie for the sake of peace.<ref>Mesechtas Yevamos 65b, Bava Metziah 87a, Shulchan Aruch C.M. 262:21, Rambam Hilchos Gezeilah V’aveida ibid, Semak 227, Teshuvos Rama 11, Orchos Tzadikim Shar HaSheker, Rabbeinu Yonah Sharei Teshuva 3:181, Lev Chaim 1:5, Mishnah Berurah 156:4, Chofetz Chaim chelek 2:1:8, Niv Sefasayim 2:pages 23-24, Derech Sicha 1:page 307. Some say it is only permitted if one is not hurting the other party by lying (Rabbeinu Yonah in Sharei Teshuva 3:181). Others say it is a mitzvah to lie for peace (Refer to Mesechtas Yevamos ibid, Ran Mesechtas Bava Metziah 23b, Niv Sefasayim 2:page 23, Modanei Yom Tov 2:pages 465-466). Some say lying for peace is only permitted if one will not make a different person lose out and he does not do it because he loves to lie (Refer to Niv Sefasayim pages 35-36). </ref> A proof to this is the fact that Hashem told Avraham a different story than actually took place between Hashem and Sarah.<ref>Refer to Bereishis 18:13. 21:7, see Bereishis 50:16, Rashi “avicha,” Titen Emes L’Yaakov pages 250-251 who explains the last source. </ref> Based on this one is allowed to lie to bring peace between husband and wife. <ref>Reishis Chuchma Shar Hakedusha 12:61.</ref> | # One is allowed to lie for the sake of peace.<ref>Mesechtas Yevamos 65b, Bava Metziah 87a, Shulchan Aruch C.M. 262:21, Rambam Hilchos Gezeilah V’aveida ibid, Semak 227, Teshuvos Rama 11, Orchos Tzadikim Shar HaSheker, Rabbeinu Yonah Sharei Teshuva 3:181, Lev Chaim 1:5, Mishnah Berurah 156:4, Chofetz Chaim chelek 2:1:8, Niv Sefasayim 2:pages 23-24, Derech Sicha 1:page 307. Some say it is only permitted if one is not hurting the other party by lying (Rabbeinu Yonah in Sharei Teshuva 3:181). Others say it is a mitzvah to lie for peace (Refer to Mesechtas Yevamos ibid, Ran Mesechtas Bava Metziah 23b, Niv Sefasayim 2:page 23, Modanei [[Yom Tov]] 2:pages 465-466). Some say lying for peace is only permitted if one will not make a different person lose out and he does not do it because he loves to lie (Refer to Niv Sefasayim pages 35-36). </ref> A proof to this is the fact that Hashem told Avraham a different story than actually took place between Hashem and Sarah.<ref>Refer to Bereishis 18:13. 21:7, see Bereishis 50:16, Rashi “avicha,” Titen Emes L’Yaakov pages 250-251 who explains the last source. </ref> Based on this one is allowed to lie to bring peace between husband and wife. <ref>Reishis Chuchma Shar Hakedusha 12:61.</ref> | ||
# There is a discussion in the seforim if one is allowed to say a real lie for the sake of peace, or only to say something which can be interpreted as the truth as well.<ref>Refer to Titen Emes L’Yaakov pages 92-93 who brings the opinions. See Chofetz Chaim chelek 2:1:8, Niv Sefasayim page 33. </ref> | # There is a discussion in the seforim if one is allowed to say a real lie for the sake of peace, or only to say something which can be interpreted as the truth as well.<ref>Refer to Titen Emes L’Yaakov pages 92-93 who brings the opinions. See Chofetz Chaim chelek 2:1:8, Niv Sefasayim page 33. </ref> | ||
# There are poskim that are of the opinion that lying is only permitted for the sake of peace on something which already happened, but for an occurrence which did not yet happen one is not permitted to lie even if it is for peace.<ref>Refer to Sefer Chassidim 426, Magen Avrham O.C. 156:1, Shulchan Aruch Harav 2, Elya Rabbah 156:2, Da’as Torah 156, Mishnah Berurah 156:4, Lev Chaim 1:5, see Rav Polaim C.M. 3:1. Many seem to question this premise (Refer to Emes Koneh page 76 in depth). </ref> However, the custom is to be lenient.<ref>Refer to Lev Chaim 1:5, Emes Koneh ibid, Niv Sefasayim 2:pages 17-22 in great depth. Refer to Chasam Sofer Lekutim 6:59, Cheshav Ha’efod 1:59. </ref> | # There are poskim that are of the opinion that lying is only permitted for the sake of peace on something which already happened, but for an occurrence which did not yet happen one is not permitted to lie even if it is for peace.<ref>Refer to Sefer Chassidim 426, Magen Avrham O.C. 156:1, Shulchan Aruch Harav 2, Elya Rabbah 156:2, Da’as Torah 156, Mishnah Berurah 156:4, Lev Chaim 1:5, see Rav Polaim C.M. 3:1. Many seem to question this premise (Refer to Emes Koneh page 76 in depth). </ref> However, the custom is to be lenient.<ref>Refer to Lev Chaim 1:5, Emes Koneh ibid, Niv Sefasayim 2:pages 17-22 in great depth. Refer to Chasam Sofer Lekutim 6:59, Cheshav Ha’efod 1:59. </ref> | ||
