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Placement of the Chanukah Candles: Difference between revisions
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Placement of the Chanukah Candles (view source)
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## If the stairwell is considered a courtyard, one should light by the entrance to the apartment building.<ref>Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach (Halichot Shlomo 14:4) holds that if one lives in an apartment building, he should light by the entrance to the apartment building, as it leads out to the street. Since the stairwell and entrance is used for entering and exiting, it is recognizable that the candles lit at the entrance of the building were lit by one of the tenants. Therefore, he considers the staircase that goes from one’s apartment to the building entrance as a courtyard, and one should light at the entrance of the courtyard in accordance with the opinion of Tosfot.</ref> | ## If the stairwell is considered a courtyard, one should light by the entrance to the apartment building.<ref>Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach (Halichot Shlomo 14:4) holds that if one lives in an apartment building, he should light by the entrance to the apartment building, as it leads out to the street. Since the stairwell and entrance is used for entering and exiting, it is recognizable that the candles lit at the entrance of the building were lit by one of the tenants. Therefore, he considers the staircase that goes from one’s apartment to the building entrance as a courtyard, and one should light at the entrance of the courtyard in accordance with the opinion of Tosfot.</ref> | ||
## If the stairwell is not considered a courtyard, one should light by the entrance of one’s apartment if it can be seen by those who pass by. Alternatively, one should light by the window facing the public domain unless the window is above 20 [[amot]] from the street level.<Ref>Regarding Eruvin, the Chazon Ish (OC 65:52) posits that nowadays, there is no such thing as a halachic courtyard because we don’t treat courtyards or streets as extensions of the house as they did in the days of Chazal. Therefore, the Chazon Ish (quoted in Shevut Yitzchak [[Chanukah]] p. 6) rules that one may not light [[Chanukah]] candles by the entrance to a courtyard because it is not considered a halachic courtyard. Rav Nissim Karelitz (Chut HaShani [[Chanukah]] pg 306-7) adds that according to the Chazon Ish, one who lives in an apartment should light at one’s doorway unless people won't see it, in which case one should light in the window facing the public domain. Similarly, Torat HaMoadim (Rav David Yosef, 3:2, pg 74-6) writes that according to the Chazon Ish, one should light by the window facing the public domain if it's within 20 [[amot]] of street level, otherwise one should light by the door of one's apartment.</ref> | ## If the stairwell is not considered a courtyard, one should light by the entrance of one’s apartment if it can be seen by those who pass by. Alternatively, one should light by the window facing the public domain unless the window is above 20 [[amot]] from the street level.<Ref>Regarding Eruvin, the Chazon Ish (OC 65:52) posits that nowadays, there is no such thing as a halachic courtyard because we don’t treat courtyards or streets as extensions of the house as they did in the days of Chazal. Therefore, the Chazon Ish (quoted in Shevut Yitzchak [[Chanukah]] p. 6) rules that one may not light [[Chanukah]] candles by the entrance to a courtyard because it is not considered a halachic courtyard. Rav Nissim Karelitz (Chut HaShani [[Chanukah]] pg 306-7) adds that according to the Chazon Ish, one who lives in an apartment should light at one’s doorway unless people won't see it, in which case one should light in the window facing the public domain. Similarly, Torat HaMoadim (Rav David Yosef, 3:2, pg 74-6) writes that according to the Chazon Ish, one should light by the window facing the public domain if it's within 20 [[amot]] of street level, otherwise one should light by the door of one's apartment.</ref> | ||
# Nowadays, one doesn’t have to light by a door on each side of the house because of a concern that passersby will say that he didn't light a Chanukia.<ref> [[Shabbat]] 23a Rav Huna says because of suspicion if a house has two doors (to the outside) he should light by both, and Rava explains that’s only if the doors are on separate sides. | # Nowadays, one doesn’t have to light by a door on each side of the house because of a concern that passersby will say that he didn't light a Chanukia.<ref> [[Shabbat]] 23a Rav Huna says because of suspicion if a house has two doors (to the outside) he should light by both, and Rava explains that’s only if the doors are on separate sides. This is also the opinion of Rambam ([[Chanukah]] 4:10), Tur and S”A 671:8. However nowadays one doesn’t have to light because of suspicion. This is also the opinion of Sefer HaTruma 228, Smak 280, Orchot Chaim ([[Chanukah]] 13) in name of Rabbi Yehuda MeKorvin, Hagahot Maimon ([[Chanukah]] 4:30) in name of Rabbenu Simcha, Sh”t HaRashba 1:541, Ritva ([[Shabbat]] 23a), Meiri, Mordechai ([[Shabbat]] 2:266), Sefer HaMeorot ([[Shabbat]] 23a), Shibolei HaLeket 185, Ohel Moed ([[Chanukah]] 5, Rama 671, Sh”t Maharshal, Hagahot Maharikash, Pri Chadash, Sh”t Bet David O”C 472, Torat HaMoadim 3:8. </ref> | ||
# One must light in the place where the Chanukia is going to stay. Thus, one shouldn’t light indoors and then move the Chanukia outside or light it in one’s hand and then put it down. If one did so, one should extinguish the candles and relight without a bracha. Consequently, a sick person should light while in bed and then have the Chanukia moved but rather should let another household member light. <ref> Rava's opinion on [[Shabbat]] 22b is that one must light the [[Chanukah]] candles where the candles are going stay. Rambam ([[Chanukah]] 4:9), Tur and S”A (675:1) codify this as the halacha. Pri Chadash says one shouldn’t make a bracha if one needs to light again, against Hagahot Rabbi Akiva Eiger 675 who says to make a bracha. Because of Safek [[Brachot]] one shouldn’t make a bracha (in addition to the idea that perhaps one fulfills the mitzvah not it’s place if it’s recognizable that it’s lit for [[Chanukah]]- Sh”t Lev Chaim 3:146), so holds Torat HaMoadim 3:9 and Sh”t Hitorerut Teshuva 2:110. [Also, a sefek sefeka isn’t sufficient to allow a bracha- see Yechave Daat 5:21] Torat HaMoadim 3:9 quotes the ruling of a sick person from Sh”t Lev Chaim 3:146. </ref> | # One must light in the place where the Chanukia is going to stay. Thus, one shouldn’t light indoors and then move the Chanukia outside or light it in one’s hand and then put it down. If one did so, one should extinguish the candles and relight without a bracha. Consequently, a sick person should light while in bed and then have the Chanukia moved but rather should let another household member light. <ref> Rava's opinion on [[Shabbat]] 22b is that one must light the [[Chanukah]] candles where the candles are going stay. Rambam ([[Chanukah]] 4:9), Tur and S”A (675:1) codify this as the halacha. Pri Chadash says one shouldn’t make a bracha if one needs to light again, against Hagahot Rabbi Akiva Eiger 675 who says to make a bracha. Because of Safek [[Brachot]] one shouldn’t make a bracha (in addition to the idea that perhaps one fulfills the mitzvah not it’s place if it’s recognizable that it’s lit for [[Chanukah]]- Sh”t Lev Chaim 3:146), so holds Torat HaMoadim 3:9 and Sh”t Hitorerut Teshuva 2:110. [Also, a sefek sefeka isn’t sufficient to allow a bracha- see Yechave Daat 5:21] Torat HaMoadim 3:9 quotes the ruling of a sick person from Sh”t Lev Chaim 3:146. </ref> | ||
==Lighting Indoors or Outdoors== | ==Lighting Indoors or Outdoors== | ||
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# The [[Chanukah]] candles should be placed between 3 and 10 [[tefachim]] from the ground. If one is lighting indoors, one should light by the window even if it is above 10 [[tefachim]], rather than light by the doorway on the inside.<ref>Shulchan Aruch 671:6, Mishna Brurah 671:27</ref> | # The [[Chanukah]] candles should be placed between 3 and 10 [[tefachim]] from the ground. If one is lighting indoors, one should light by the window even if it is above 10 [[tefachim]], rather than light by the doorway on the inside.<ref>Shulchan Aruch 671:6, Mishna Brurah 671:27</ref> | ||
# One should be careful to light in a different place than one normally lights the rest of the year so that the fact that one is lighting specifically for [[Chanukah]] will be recognizable. <Ref>Rama 671:7</ref> | # One should be careful to light in a different place than one normally lights the rest of the year so that the fact that one is lighting specifically for [[Chanukah]] will be recognizable. <Ref>Rama 671:7</ref> | ||
# The Chanukia should be placed between 3 and 10 [[Tefachim]] (between 24 and 80 centimeters) from the ground of the house. If it’s placed above 10 [[Tefachim]], one fulfilled the obligation. <ref> [[Shabbat]] 21b the statement of Ravina that it’s a mitzvah (preferable) to place it below ten; Ran (9b D”H Garsi) in name of Rabbenu Chananel and Rabbenu Yonah, Rashba ([[Shabbat]] 21b Amar Ravina), Rosh ([[Shabbat]] 2:5), Smag ([[Chanukah]] 250d), Smak (280, 277), Tur and S”A 671:6 hold like Ravina even though the gemara questions him. Kitzur S"A 139:8 concurs. Bet Yosef 671:6 says since the Rif and Rambam don’t mention this it means you can place it anywhere, but to fulfill everyone’s opinion one should put it below 10. Also Orchot Chaim pg 117d:3 and Kol Bo hold explicitly like Rambam and Rif that only after the fact can light under 10. [Moreover [[Seder]] Hayom and Gefen Poriah (Bava Kama 62b) say that one doesn’t fulfill his obligation if less than 10.] The Bet Yosef brings the dispute of the Mordechai ([[Shabbat]] 266) who writes that since everyone lights indoors, one can light even above 10 and the Tur (671:6) who writes to place it within 10 not differentiating between indoors and outside. Tur 671:6 in name of Maharam MeRotenberg holds that one should place it above 3 [[Tefachim]]. | # The Chanukia should be placed between 3 and 10 [[Tefachim]] (between 24 and 80 centimeters) from the ground of the house. If it’s placed above 10 [[Tefachim]], one fulfilled the obligation. <ref> [[Shabbat]] 21b the statement of Ravina that it’s a mitzvah (preferable) to place it below ten; Ran (9b D”H Garsi) in name of Rabbenu Chananel and Rabbenu Yonah, Rashba ([[Shabbat]] 21b Amar Ravina), Rosh ([[Shabbat]] 2:5), Smag ([[Chanukah]] 250d), Smak (280, 277), Tur and S”A 671:6 hold like Ravina even though the gemara questions him. Kitzur S"A 139:8 concurs. Bet Yosef 671:6 says since the Rif and Rambam don’t mention this it means you can place it anywhere, but to fulfill everyone’s opinion one should put it below 10. Also Orchot Chaim pg 117d:3 and Kol Bo hold explicitly like Rambam and Rif that only after the fact can light under 10. [Moreover [[Seder]] Hayom and Gefen Poriah (Bava Kama 62b) say that one doesn’t fulfill his obligation if less than 10.] The Bet Yosef brings the dispute of the Mordechai ([[Shabbat]] 266) who writes that since everyone lights indoors, one can light even above 10 and the Tur (671:6) who writes to place it within 10 not differentiating between indoors and outside. Tur 671:6 in name of Maharam MeRotenberg holds that one should place it above 3 [[Tefachim]]. This is also the opinion of Mordechai [[Shabbat]] 266, S”A 671:6. Birkat Yosef Yedid 3 pg 207, Sh”t Kinyan Torah 1:131(2) imply from Orchot Chaim that under three [[Tefachim]] doesn’t fulfill the mitzvah. However most argue than if it’s lit less than 3, one still fulfills the obligation including. Yet, Pri Chadash 671, Pri Megadim A”A 671:6, Mishna Brurah 671:26, Kaf HaChaim 671:50, Torat HaMoadim 3:5, and Shaar Shlomo (51, pg 33d) who says someone on the road can even light on the ground. </ref> | ||
# If it’s above 20 [[amot]] (9.6 meters) one doesn’t fulfill the obligation and should extinguish the candle and relight it in the proper height without a bracha. <ref> [[Shabbat]] 22a Rav says it can’t be above 20 [[amot]]. Tosfot (D”H Ner) says it can’t just be lowered since the mitzvah was already done incorrectly. Tur(671:6), Bach, Taz, Pri Chadash, Mishna Brurah (Shaar Tzion 671:33) says indoors it can be above 20 [[amot]] against the Rabbenu Yoel (Ravyah 843) and Rabbi Yitzchak Avuhav (quoted by the Bet Yosef). If one put it above 20 [[amot]], Pri Chadash, Mishna Brurah 671:29 say to relight with a Bracha. Kaf Hachaim (671:53) limits the ruling of the Pri Chadash to only where one finished lighting and stopped thinking about it. However Chazon Ovadiah ([[Chanukah]] pg 35) and Torat HaMoadim 3:6 say to relight without a bracha because of the opinion of Rabbenu Yoel (Pri Megadim A”A 671:7), [and Hareri Kodesh who says that perhaps according to Meiri and Shiltot one should repeat Sh’assa Nissim]. </ref> | # If it’s above 20 [[amot]] (9.6 meters) one doesn’t fulfill the obligation and should extinguish the candle and relight it in the proper height without a bracha. <ref> [[Shabbat]] 22a Rav says it can’t be above 20 [[amot]]. Tosfot (D”H Ner) says it can’t just be lowered since the mitzvah was already done incorrectly. Tur(671:6), Bach, Taz, Pri Chadash, Mishna Brurah (Shaar Tzion 671:33) says indoors it can be above 20 [[amot]] against the Rabbenu Yoel (Ravyah 843) and Rabbi Yitzchak Avuhav (quoted by the Bet Yosef). If one put it above 20 [[amot]], Pri Chadash, Mishna Brurah 671:29 say to relight with a Bracha. Kaf Hachaim (671:53) limits the ruling of the Pri Chadash to only where one finished lighting and stopped thinking about it. However Chazon Ovadiah ([[Chanukah]] pg 35) and Torat HaMoadim 3:6 say to relight without a bracha because of the opinion of Rabbenu Yoel (Pri Megadim A”A 671:7), [and Hareri Kodesh who says that perhaps according to Meiri and Shiltot one should repeat Sh’assa Nissim]. </ref> | ||
# Similarly someone who lives an upper floor apartment, should light by the door of the apartment and if they want they can light at the window even if it’s above 20 [[amot]]. Some have the custom to light by the apartment building entrance. <ref> Ritva ([[Shabbat]] 21b D”H VeIm Dar) says someone living in an upper floor should light by the window that’s above 20 [[amot]]. However, Pri Chadash 671:6, Pri Megadim A”A 671:8, and Machsit HaShekel 671:6 say to light it by the door of the apartment. Thus, Kitzur S"A 139:8 rules that if one's window is more than 20 [[amot]] above the ground level of the street outside, one shouldn't light by the window, but rather by the house door. Chazon Ovadiah ([[Chanukah]] pg 36) says that one living in an apartment on the fifth floor (just an example) should light inside his house by the door and if he wants he can light by the window that’s above 20 [[amot]] as it’s Pirsume Nisa for the household members and to those on the street according Rabbenu Yoel and for others in a building across the street at the same height (similar to Kol Bo [[Chanukah]] pg 99). The custom of lighting by the apartment entrance is sourced in halacha 17. </ref> | # Similarly someone who lives an upper floor apartment, should light by the door of the apartment and if they want they can light at the window even if it’s above 20 [[amot]]. Some have the custom to light by the apartment building entrance. <ref> Ritva ([[Shabbat]] 21b D”H VeIm Dar) says someone living in an upper floor should light by the window that’s above 20 [[amot]]. However, Pri Chadash 671:6, Pri Megadim A”A 671:8, and Machsit HaShekel 671:6 say to light it by the door of the apartment. Thus, Kitzur S"A 139:8 rules that if one's window is more than 20 [[amot]] above the ground level of the street outside, one shouldn't light by the window, but rather by the house door. Chazon Ovadiah ([[Chanukah]] pg 36) says that one living in an apartment on the fifth floor (just an example) should light inside his house by the door and if he wants he can light by the window that’s above 20 [[amot]] as it’s Pirsume Nisa for the household members and to those on the street according Rabbenu Yoel and for others in a building across the street at the same height (similar to Kol Bo [[Chanukah]] pg 99). The custom of lighting by the apartment entrance is sourced in halacha 17. </ref> | ||
