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Pidyon Haben: Difference between revisions
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When a male child, who is not a Cohen or a Levi, is naturally born of his mother's first pregnancy to a father not descended of Cohanim or Levim he must be "redeemed" by his father with the value of five biblical shekels, to be payed to a Cohen.<ref>Rambam (Bikkurim 11:1), Shulchan Aruch YD 305:1, Yalkut Yosef Sova Semachot vol. 2 pg. 221 </ref> | When a male child, who is not a Cohen or a Levi, is naturally born of his mother's first pregnancy to a father not descended of Cohanim or Levim he must be "redeemed" by his father with the value of five biblical shekels, to be payed to a Cohen.<ref>Rambam (Bikkurim 11:1), Shulchan Aruch YD 305:1, Yalkut Yosef Sova Semachot vol. 2 pg. 221 </ref> | ||
== | ==Background== | ||
# This Mitzvah is based on the pasuk בְּכוֹר בָּנֶיךָ תִּתֶּן לִּי "the firstborn of your sons you shall give Me" <ref>Shemot 22:28 </ref>and וְכֹל בְּכוֹר אָדָם בְּבָנֶיךָ תִּפְדֶּה "and every firstborn of man among your sons, you shall redeem" <ref>Shemot 13:13, Mishna Kidushin 29a </ref>. It is considered a Biblical positive commandment. <ref>Rambam Sefer HaMitzvot (Aseh #80), Sefer Hachinuch Mitzva 18, Shulchan Aruch Y"D 305:1, Smag Aseh 143-144, Smak 243, Yereim 140 </ref> | # This Mitzvah is based on the pasuk בְּכוֹר בָּנֶיךָ תִּתֶּן לִּי "the firstborn of your sons you shall give Me" <ref>Shemot 22:28 </ref>and וְכֹל בְּכוֹר אָדָם בְּבָנֶיךָ תִּפְדֶּה "and every firstborn of man among your sons, you shall redeem" <ref>Shemot 13:13, Mishna Kidushin 29a </ref>. It is considered a Biblical positive commandment. <ref>Rambam Sefer HaMitzvot (Aseh #80), Sefer Hachinuch Mitzva 18, Shulchan Aruch Y"D 305:1, Smag Aseh 143-144, Smak 243, Yereim 140 </ref> | ||
# The idea behind the mitzvah is to redeem the firstborn of his innate kedusha as the pasuk says "קַדֶּשׁ־לִי כָל־בְּכוֹר פֶּטֶר כָּל־רֶחֶם בִּבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל בָּאָדָם וּבַבְּהֵמָה לִי הוּא".<ref>Shemot 13:2</ref> The kedusha is a result of Hashem killing the Egyptian firstborns and saving the Jewish firstborns.<ref>Rashi Shemot 13:2 explains that Hashem "acquired" the firstborns when he killed the Egyptian firstborns and saved the Jewish ones. See also Shemot 13:15. The Zohar (Intro 14a, cited in Pidyon Haben Kehilchato p. 4) says that redeeming a firstborn is a merit that it should live.</ref> Nonetheless, even before the pidyon haben the baby isn't forbidden from benefit.<ref>Gemara Bechorot 3b, Pidyon Haben Kehilchato 1:3. See, however, Seforno Shemot 13:15.</ref> Another explanation is that we have a mitzvah with our first offspring to recognize that everything is from Hashem.<ref>Sefer Hachinuch (Mitzvah 18)</ref> | # The idea behind the mitzvah is to redeem the firstborn of his innate kedusha as the pasuk says "קַדֶּשׁ־לִי כָל־בְּכוֹר פֶּטֶר כָּל־רֶחֶם בִּבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל בָּאָדָם וּבַבְּהֵמָה לִי הוּא".<ref>Shemot 13:2</ref> The kedusha is a result of Hashem killing the Egyptian firstborns and saving the Jewish firstborns.<ref>Rashi Shemot 13:2 explains that Hashem "acquired" the firstborns when he killed the Egyptian firstborns and saved the Jewish ones. See also Shemot 13:15. The Zohar (Intro 14a, cited in Pidyon Haben Kehilchato p. 4) says that redeeming a firstborn is a merit that it should live.</ref> Nonetheless, even before the pidyon haben the baby isn't forbidden from benefit.<ref>Gemara Bechorot 3b, Pidyon Haben Kehilchato 1:3. See, however, Seforno Shemot 13:15.</ref> Another explanation is that we have a mitzvah with our first offspring to recognize that everything is from Hashem.<ref>Sefer Hachinuch (Mitzvah 18)</ref> | ||
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==Procedure of the [[Pidyon HaBen]]== | ==Procedure of the [[Pidyon HaBen]]== | ||
# It is proper that the father of the baby and Cohen decide that the Cohen not return the money after the Pidyon Haben.<Ref>Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 164:6. [http://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=41714&st=&pgnum=135 Chida (Midbar Kademot 80:10)] writes that there is an old tradition that happily giving the money for pidyon haben and not taking it back is a merit that the child should be saved from illness. Yalkut Yosef (Sova Semachot v. 2, p. 290) quotes this.</ref> | # It is proper that the father of the baby and Cohen decide that the Cohen not return the money after the Pidyon Haben.<Ref>Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 164:6. [http://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=41714&st=&pgnum=135 Chida (Midbar Kademot 80:10)] writes that there is an old tradition that happily giving the money for pidyon haben and not taking it back is a merit that the child should be saved from illness. Yalkut Yosef (Sova Semachot v. 2, p. 290) quotes this.</ref> | ||
# It isn't absolutely necessary to have a minyan at a pidyon haben, however, it is proper to have a minyan and to publicize this mitzvah.<ref>Yalkut Yosef (Sova Semachot v. 2, p. 315)</ref> | # It isn't absolutely necessary to have a minyan at a pidyon haben, however, it is proper to have a minyan and to publicize this mitzvah.<ref>Yalkut Yosef (Sova Semachot v. 2, p. 315)</ref> | ||
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# The father recites the bracha of "asher kideshanu b'mitzvotav v'tzivanu al pidyon haben" and shehechiyanu and then gives the coins to the kohen. <ref>Yalkut Yosef (Sova Semachot v. 2, p. 319)</ref> As he gives the coins he says this is for the redemption of my son and the kohen responds that I received these coins on behalf of the redemption. Then the kohen places the coins over the son's head and says that these are for your son.<ref>Yalkut Yosef (Sova Semachot v. 2, p. 326)</ref> | # The father recites the bracha of "asher kideshanu b'mitzvotav v'tzivanu al pidyon haben" and shehechiyanu and then gives the coins to the kohen. <ref>Yalkut Yosef (Sova Semachot v. 2, p. 319)</ref> As he gives the coins he says this is for the redemption of my son and the kohen responds that I received these coins on behalf of the redemption. Then the kohen places the coins over the son's head and says that these are for your son.<ref>Yalkut Yosef (Sova Semachot v. 2, p. 326)</ref> | ||
# The kohen proceeds to bless the baby with the pesukim of birkat kohanim and a yehey ratzon. <ref>Yalkut Yosef (Sova Semachot v. 2, p. 327)</ref> | # The kohen proceeds to bless the baby with the pesukim of birkat kohanim and a yehey ratzon. <ref>Yalkut Yosef (Sova Semachot v. 2, p. 327)</ref> | ||
# Then the kohen makes a hagefen on the wine, drinks a little, makes a bracha of al atzei besamim over the | # Then the kohen makes a hagefen on the wine, drinks a little, makes a bracha of al atzei besamim over the fragrance of myrtles, and the recites another bracha of asher kidesh uber mbeten without shem u'malchut.<Ref>Yalkut Yosef (Sova Semachot v. 2, p. 327)</ref> | ||
===How Much Money?=== | |||
# According to Sephardim, the primary halacha is that one give the equivalent of 90 grams of pure silver, but it's preferable to give the equivalent of 93 grams. <ref>Yalkut Yosef YD 305:42 based on Sh"t Yechave Daat 4:54. (Rav Mordechai Eliyahu in his comment to Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 164:1 writes that the amount is about 100 grams of silver. However, this may be based on an older calculation of the Darham. See [[Shiurim]].) </ref>According to Ashkenazim, one should give the equivalent of 96 grams of pure silver and the minhag is to give 100 grams.<ref>Rav Chaim Kanievsky in Shiurin Deoritta (pg 35 #17), [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/768798/Rabbi_Hershel_Schachter/Parsha_Shiur_-_Bo_5772 Rav Hershel Schachter] in Shuir on Parshat Bo (towards end of shiur) </ref> | |||
# One does not necessarily need to give silver coins; he could give that value in merchandise as well, but not with land or documents.<ref>SHulchan Aruch YD 305:3, Yalkut Yosef Sova Semachot vol. 2 pg. 279</ref> According to many poskim, our paper money or coins should not be used since they lack inherent value.<ref> Shu"t Chatam Sofer YD 134, Aruch Hashulchan 305:18, Shu"t Oneg Yom Tov YD 102, Minchat Shlomo 71:23</ref> Others are lenient.<ref> Shu"t Ein Yitzchak YD 30 </ref> Therefore, it is best to use silver coins.<ref> Yalkut Yosef Sova Semachot vol. 2 pg. 282 </ref> | |||
===Meal of Pidyon Haben=== | ===Meal of Pidyon Haben=== | ||
# The practice is to make a Seudat Mitzvah on the occasion of a [[Pidyon HaBen]].<ref>Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 164:1. See [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/displayRead.asp?readID=2262 Rabbi Mansour on dailyhalacha.com] or Sdei Chemed 60:54 about the importance of the meal of a pidyon haben.</ref> | # The practice is to make a Seudat Mitzvah on the occasion of a [[Pidyon HaBen]].<ref>Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 164:1. See [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/displayRead.asp?readID=2262 Rabbi Mansour on dailyhalacha.com] or Sdei Chemed 60:54 about the importance of the meal of a pidyon haben.</ref> | ||
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* [http://www.aish.com/jl/l/b/48964996.html Pidyon Haben] on Aish.com | * [http://www.aish.com/jl/l/b/48964996.html Pidyon Haben] on Aish.com | ||
* [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/826798/rabbi-hershel-schachter/pidyon-haben/ Pidyon Haben] by Rabbi Hershel Schachter | * [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/826798/rabbi-hershel-schachter/pidyon-haben/ Pidyon Haben] by Rabbi Hershel Schachter | ||
* [https://www.yeshiva.co/midrash/shiur.asp?id=11477 Rabbi Yirmiyahu Kaganoff] | |||
==Sources== | ==Sources== | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
[[Category:Lifecycles]] | [[Category:Lifecycles]] | ||
