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Pidyon Haben: Difference between revisions
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==When Should the Pidyon Haben Take Place?== | ==When Should the Pidyon Haben Take Place?== | ||
# [[Pidyon HaBen]] may not be performed before 30 days from the baby's birth have passed and should be done on the 31st day without delaying.<ref>Mishna Bechorot 49a says that doing a pidyon haben before thirty days have passed is ineffective. Shulchan Aruch YD 305:11 and Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 164:3 codify this.</ref> Ashkenazim wait until 29 days and 12.75 hours from the moment of the birth. This is usually accomplished by having the Pidyon Haben during the day. | # [[Pidyon HaBen]] may not be performed before 30 days from the baby's birth have passed and should be done on the 31st day without delaying.<ref>Mishna Bechorot 49a says that doing a pidyon haben before thirty days have passed is ineffective, as the pasuk says ופדויו מבן חודש תפדה (Bamidbar 18:16). Shulchan Aruch YD 305:11, Yalkut Yosef Sova Semachot vol. 2 pg. 304 and Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 164:3 codify this.</ref> Ashkenazim wait until 29 days and 12.75 hours have passed from the moment of the birth. This is usually accomplished by having the Pidyon Haben during the day.<ref>[https://www.yeshiva.org.il/midrash/1943 Rav Eliezer Melamed]. | ||
# The Ashkenazic minhag is not to perform a [[Pidyon HaBen]] at night, | * According to the Magen Avraham (339:8), Maharam Shick YD 302 and many others, the duration of the Pidyon Ha-Ben month is measured in complete days, and therefore a Pidyon Haben should take place on the 31st day after a firstborn boy is born. A day in this context refers to a day as it is defined in virtually all areas of halachah, as beginning and ending at sundown (the day follows the night). According to this opinion, the thirty-one day count includes the day of birth, and therefore the first day is considered to have passed at the first sunset after the birth, even if this is just minutes after delivery. According to this opinion, there is no need to take into account the astronomical month, and as soon as thirty halachic days pass one can perform the Pidyon. | ||
# A [[Pidyon HaBen]] shouldn't be performed on Shabbat or [[Yom Tov]].<ref>Shulchan Aruch YD 305:11. The | * According to the Shach YD 305:12, however, the duration of a month for Pidyon Ha-Ben is determined by the the time that transpires from one new moon to the next. Since the time that transpires from one new moon to the next is 29 days, 12 hours and 793/1080 of an hour (usually called 793 chalakim), the time for Pidyon Ha-Ben begins when the firstborn child is exactly 29 days, 12 hours and 793 chalakim old (Shach, Yoreh De’ah 305:12). | ||
# Some say that if the 31st day falls out on a fast day it is pushed off until the nighttime, whereas others say that it is performed in the daytime and only the meal is delayed until the nighttime. <ref>Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 164:3 writes that if the 31st falls out on a fast day it is pushed off until the nighttime. Rav Mordechai Eliyahu (comments on Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 164:3) writes that from the Shach, Magen Avraham, and Dagul | * Pischei Teshuvah 305:17, Shu"t Noda Biyehuda Tinyana 187, Rabbi Akiva Eiger (Tinyana 22) write that common practice among Ashkenazim is to take both opinions into account, and to delay the fulfillment of the mitzvah until both periods have elapsed.[https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/929724/jewish/When-Should-the-Pidyon-Haben-Take-Place.htm see Chabad.org] </ref> Sephardim hold that the Pidyon is on the 31st day even before 29 days and 12.75 hours have passed.<ref>Yalkut Yosef YD 305:84 writes that Sephardim don't hold like the Shach because the Magen Avraham 339:8, among others, disagrees but one who wants to be strict for the Shach may do so. This is the opinion of his father expressed in Shu"t Yabea Omer 9:pg. 251. [http://www.dailyhalacha.com/m/halacha.aspx?id=427 Rabbi Eli Mansour] agrees. However, Chacham Benzion Abba Shaul (Ohr Letzion 2:pg. 153) maintains that one must wait in accordance with the Shach, as does Shu"t Tevuot Shemesh YD 2:80</ref> The pidyon cannot be done before the 31st day, even if 29 days, 12 hours, and 793 chalakim have passed.<Ref>Otzar Pidyon Haben 15:2, Yalkut Yosef Sova Semachot vol. 2 pg. 304-305, Mishna Berura 333:27 </ref> | ||
# The Ashkenazic minhag is not to perform a [[Pidyon HaBen]] at night.<ref>Shach 305:12, See Shu"t Noda BeYehuda (Tinyana, Yoreh Deah 187) and Otzar Pidyon HaBen 17:2. [http://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/768798/Rabbi_Hershel_Schachter/Parsha_Shiur_-_Bo_5772 Rav Hershel Schachter] in Shiur on Parshat Bo (towards end of shiur) agrees about the Ashkenazic minhag. | |||
* Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 164:3 writes that the Ashkenazic minhag is not to perform it at night, unless the 31st day fell out on Shabbat or [[Yom Tov]] in which case the [[Pidyon HaBen]] is performed the night after the 31st and not pushed off until the morning. | |||
* The Noda Biyehuda YD 187 says it should be done during the day, to ensure that 29 days, | |||
* Maharsham 568:5 says because the makkat bechorot was finished during the day.</ref> | |||
however, the Sephardic minhag is specifically to perform it at night. <ref> Yalkut Yosef Sova Semachot vol. 2 pg. 313 (YD 305:67), however, writes that Sephardic minhag is to perform a pidyon haben at night.</ref> | |||
===Shabbat=== | |||
# A [[Pidyon HaBen]] shouldn't be performed on Shabbat or [[Yom Tov]].<ref>Shulchan Aruch YD 305:11. The Terumat Hadeshen (no. 269) explains that a pidyon haben shouldn't take place on Shabbat because it appears like a business transaction. Even if one were to give the money before Shabbat on condition that it would be effective on Shabbat, it is still an issue because there would be doubt as to when to recite the bracha and perform the meal in honor of the pidyon haben. See [http://hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=835&st=&pgnum=41 Shu"t Zekan Aharon (Walkin) vol. 1 Siman 18].</ref> However, it may be performed on Chol HaMoed. <ref>Rama YD 305:11, Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 164:3</ref> | |||
# If the 31st day falls out on Shabbat, the pidyon is pushed off until Motzaei Shabbat.<ref>Birkei Yosef 305:15, Yalkut Yosef Sova Semachot vol. 2 pg. 304, Kitzur S"A 164:3</ref> | |||
===Fast Day=== | |||
# Some say that if the 31st day falls out on a fast day it is pushed off until the nighttime, whereas others say that it is performed in the daytime and only the meal is delayed until the nighttime. <ref>Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 164:3 writes that if the 31st falls out on a fast day it is pushed off until the nighttime. Rav Mordechai Eliyahu (comments on Kitzur Shulchan Aruch 164:3) writes that from the Shach, Magen Avraham, and Dagul Mervava it seems that only the meal is delayed until the nighttime. </ref> | |||
===If the Baby is in the Hospital=== | ===If the Baby is in the Hospital=== | ||
# In the unfortunate event that the baby is in the hospital when the pidyon should take place, they should not delay the pidyon for that. Rather, they should perform the pidyon on-time without the baby being present.<ref>Yalkut Yosef Sova Semachot vol. 2 pg. 239, Rama 305:10 </ref> | # In the unfortunate event that the baby is in the hospital when the pidyon should take place, they should not delay the pidyon for that. Rather, they should perform the pidyon on-time without the baby being present.<ref>Yalkut Yosef Sova Semachot vol. 2 pg. 239, Rama 305:10 </ref> | ||
