Pesukei DeZimrah: Difference between revisions
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As the prayer builds up to the climax in which a person stands directly before Hashem and converses with him in [[Shemona Esrei]], the rabbis established a beautiful section of praises to Hashem called Pesukei Dzimrah. Most of the texts of Pesukei Dzimrah are culled from Tehillim, however, some are from the Tefillot of Dovid and Nechemya upon the inauguration of the first and second Bet Hamikdash, respectively, as well as the song of Az Yashir that the Jews sang after the miracle of the crossing the Yam Suf. Pesukei Dzimrah is framed with a bracha of Baruch Sheamar at the beginning and Yishtabach at the end. | |||
== Basics== | == Basics== | ||
# The Rabbis instituted to say Pesukei DeZimrah starting with the blessing Baruch Sh'amar and ending with the blessing Yishtabach. <Ref> Shulchan Aruch 51:1. Rambam ( | # The Rabbis instituted to say Pesukei DeZimrah starting with the blessing Baruch Sh'amar and ending with the blessing Yishtabach.<Ref> Shulchan Aruch O.C. 51:1. Rambam (Tefilah 7:12) bases it on Shabbat 118b that one should say tehilim of Hashem’s praise daily. Rif and Rosh Brachot 5, learn it from Brachot 32a that a person should prepare praise before his requests. Tosfot Brachot 46a, Pesachim 104b state that since there is a bracha it must ben established by rabbis and not is not just a minhag. The Pri Chadash 51 writes that it is an establishment of the Geonim against the Birkei Yosef 51:1 who quotes Tur who quotes Sefer Hayecholet that Yishmael ben Elisha Cohen Gadol wrote Baruch Sh'amar and the mentioning of it in the Yerushalmi and Zohar. </ref> | ||
# In Nusach Sefard, Hodu, Hod V'Hadar, V'hu Rachum, Hoshiah, Mizmor Shir, Hashem Melech, Hoshieinu, and Lamnatzeach come before Baruch Sh'amar. Hodu is put first since it is related to [[Korbanot]]. Part of Hodu was sung in the Mishkan during the Tamid service every day until the inauguration of the Beit Hamikdash from 43 years before. <ref>Beis Yosef, Orach Chaim 50</ref> | # In Nusach Sefard, Hodu, Hod V'Hadar, V'hu Rachum, Hoshiah, Mizmor Shir, Hashem Melech, Hoshieinu, and Lamnatzeach come before Baruch Sh'amar. Hodu is put first since it is related to [[Korbanot]]. Part of Hodu was sung in the Mishkan during the Tamid service every day until the inauguration of the Beit Hamikdash from 43 years before. <ref>Beis Yosef, Orach Chaim 50</ref> | ||
#One should not add to the mizmorim or repeat them unless one wants to repeat something for which he did not have Kavanah the first time. <ref> Sh”t Otzrot Yosef 4:1 proves it from Siddur Bet Ovad (Hilchot Pesukei DeZimrah 66b) who says adding unnecessary verses or repeating unnecessarily would be an interruption based on Rama 51:9. Similarly, Sefer HaEshkol says that since parts of Vayevarech David and Az Yashir are not part of David’s works they should be said after [[davening]] to avoid an interruption. However Yaavetz in Mor Ukesiah says one can add praises from Tehilim and so the Chaye Adam 20:1 uses this to challenge Shulchan Aruh 65:2. Yet, since Shulchan Aruch is strict not to say the pasuk of Shema during Pesukei DeZimrah, Shulchan Aruch must hold that verses not established in Pesukei DeZimrah can not be added. This is also the opinion of the Chida (Moreh Etzba 3:74) and Petach Dvir 65:3. Interestingly, Yeshuot Yacov 51:1 says that it may even be an interruption to repeat the verse “Poteach et Yadecha” without Kavanah in the middle of Pesukei DeZimrah. Kaf Hachaim 51:33, however, holds that one should not repeat “Poteach et Yadecha” in Pesukei DeZimrah if one didn't have kavanah. On this topic, see further in Yabia Omer 6:5. </ref> | #One should not add to the mizmorim or repeat them unless one wants to repeat something for which he did not have Kavanah the first time. <ref> Sh”t Otzrot Yosef 4:1 proves it from Siddur Bet Ovad (Hilchot Pesukei DeZimrah 66b) who says adding unnecessary verses or repeating unnecessarily would be an interruption based on Rama 51:9. Similarly, Sefer HaEshkol says that since parts of Vayevarech David and Az Yashir are not part of David’s works they should be said after [[davening]] to avoid an interruption. However Yaavetz in Mor Ukesiah says one can add praises from Tehilim and so the Chaye Adam 20:1 uses this to challenge Shulchan Aruh 65:2. Yet, since Shulchan Aruch is strict not to say the pasuk of Shema during Pesukei DeZimrah, Shulchan Aruch must hold that verses not established in Pesukei DeZimrah can not be added. This is also the opinion of the Chida (Moreh Etzba 3:74) and Petach Dvir 65:3. Interestingly, Yeshuot Yacov 51:1 says that it may even be an interruption to repeat the verse “Poteach et Yadecha” without Kavanah in the middle of Pesukei DeZimrah. Kaf Hachaim 51:33, however, holds that one should not repeat “Poteach et Yadecha” in Pesukei DeZimrah if one didn't have kavanah. On this topic, see further in Yabia Omer 6:5. </ref> | ||
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==Baruch Hashem Lolam== | ==Baruch Hashem Lolam== | ||
# The minhag is to say Baruch Hashem Lolam (Tehillim 89:53), Baruch Hashem Mtziyon (Tehillim 135:21), Baruch Hashem Elokim, and Baruch Shem Kavod (Tehillim 72:18-19) after the Halleluka's before Vayivarech Dovid.<ref>Why do we say Baruch Hashem Lolam in Pesukei Dzimrah? | # The minhag is to say Baruch Hashem Lolam (Tehillim 89:53), Baruch Hashem Mtziyon (Tehillim 135:21), Baruch Hashem Elokim, and Baruch Shem Kavod (Tehillim 72:18-19) after the Halleluka's before Vayivarech Dovid (Divrei Hayamim 1:29:10-13; Nechemya 9:5-11).<ref>Why do we say Baruch Hashem Lolam in Pesukei Dzimrah? | ||
* The Levush 51:5 explains that since it is common to interrupt after the Halleluka's the minhag is to first say Baruch Hashem Lolam which functions like a bracha achrona on pesukei dzimra. | * The Levush 51:5 explains that since it is common to interrupt after the Halleluka's the minhag is to first say Baruch Hashem Lolam which functions like a bracha achrona on pesukei dzimra. | ||
* The Lechem Chamudot (Brachot 5:5:19) writes that they instituted it so that everyone remembers those pesukim in case he needs to interrupt. It was said before Veyevarech Dovid since Baruch Hashem and Vayivarech both speak about brachot. | * The Lechem Chamudot (Brachot 5:5:19) writes that they instituted it so that everyone remembers those pesukim in case he needs to interrupt. It was said before Veyevarech Dovid since Baruch Hashem and Vayivarech both speak about brachot. | ||
