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Pesukei DeZimrah: Difference between revisions

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== Basics==
== Basics==
# The Rabbis instituted to say Pesukei Dezimrah starting with the blessing Baruch Sh’amar and ending with the blessing Yishtabach. <Ref> S”A 51:1. Rambam (tefilah 7:12) bases it on [[Shabbat]] 118b that one should say tehilim of Hashem’s praise daily. Rif and Rosh [[Brachot]] 5, learn it from [[Brachot]] 32a that a person should prepare praise before his requests. Tosfot [[Brachot]] 46a, Pesachim 104b state that since there’s a Bracha it must be an establishment of the Rabbis and not just a Minhag. The Pri [[Chadash]] 51 writes that it’s an establishment of the Geonim against the Birkei Yosef 51:1 who quotes Tur who quotes Sefer Hayecholet that Yishmael ben Elisha Cohen Gadol wrote Baruch She’amar and the mentioning of it in the Yerushalmi and Zohar. </ref>  
# The Rabbis instituted to say Pesukei Dezimrah starting with the blessing Baruch Sheamar and ending with the blessing Yishtabach. <Ref> Shulchan Aruch 51:1. Rambam (tefilah 7:12) bases it on Shabbat 118b that one should say tehilim of Hashem’s praise daily. Rif and Rosh Brachot 5, learn it from Brachot 32a that a person should prepare praise before his requests. Tosfot Brachot 46a, Pesachim 104b state that since there is a bracha it must ben established by rabbis and not is not just a minhag. The Pri Chadash 51 writes that it is an establishment of the Geonim against the Birkei Yosef 51:1 who quotes Tur who quotes Sefer Hayecholet that Yishmael ben Elisha Cohen Gadol wrote Baruch Sheamar and the mentioning of it in the Yerushalmi and Zohar. </ref>  
# In Nusach Sefard, Hodu, Hod V'Hadar, V'hu Rachum, Hoshiah, Mizmor Shir, Hashem Melech, Hoshieinu, and Lamnatzeach come before Baruch Sh'amar. Hodu is put first since it is related to [[Korbanot]]. Part of Hodu was sung in the Mishkan and the Tamid service every day until the inauguration of the Beit Hamikdash from 43 years before. <ref>Beis Yosef, Orach Chaim 50</ref>
# In Nusach Sefard, Hodu, Hod V'Hadar, V'hu Rachum, Hoshiah, Mizmor Shir, Hashem Melech, Hoshieinu, and Lamnatzeach come before Baruch Sheamar. Hodu is put first since it is related to [[Korbanot]]. Part of Hodu was sung in the Mishkan during the Tamid service every day until the inauguration of the Beit Hamikdash from 43 years before. <ref>Beis Yosef, Orach Chaim 50</ref>
#One shouldn’t add to the Mizmorim or repeat them unless he wants to repeat something for which he didn’t have Kavanah the first time. <ref> Sh”t Otzrot Yosef 4:1 proves it from Siddur Bet Ovad (Hilchot Pesukei Dezimrah 66b) who says adding unneeded verses or repeating unnecessarily would be an interruption based on Rama 51:9. Similarly, Sefer HaEshkol says that since parts of Vayevarech David and Az Yashir aren’t part of David’s works they should be said after [[davening]] because of an interruption. However Yaavetz in Mor Ukesiah says one can add praises from tehilim as he likes and so the Chaye Adam 20:1 uses this to challenge S”A 65:2. Yet, since S”A is strict not to say the pasuk of Shema during Pesukei Dezimrah, S”A must hold that verses not established in Pesukei Dezimrah can’t be added, so holds Chida in Moreh Etzba 3(74), Petach Dvir 65:3. Yeshuot Yacov 51:1 says it may be an interruption to repeat the verse “Pote’ach et Yadecha” without Kavanah. Kaf Hachaim 51:33 one shouldn’t repeat “Pote’ach et Yadecha” in Pesukei Dezimrah. See further Sh”t Yabia Omer 6:5 </ref>
#One should not add to the mizmorim or repeat them unless one wants to repeat something for which he did not have Kavanah the first time. <ref> Sh”t Otzrot Yosef 4:1 proves it from Siddur Bet Ovad (Hilchot Pesukei Dezimrah 66b) who says adding unneeded verses or repeating unnecessarily would be an interruption based on Rama 51:9. Similarly, Sefer HaEshkol says that since parts of Vayevarech David and Az Yashir are not part of David’s works they should be said after [[davening]] to avoid an interruption. However Yaavetz in Mor Ukesiah says one can add praises from Tehilim and so the Chaye Adam 20:1 uses this to challenge Shulchan Aruh 65:2. Yet, since Shulchan Aruch is strict not to say the pasuk of Shema during Pesukei Dezimrah, Shulchan Aruch must hold that verses not established in Pesukei Dezimrah can not be added, so holds Chida in Moreh Etzba 3(74), Petach Dvir 65:3. Yeshuot Yacov 51:1 says it may be an interruption to repeat the verse “Poteach et Yadecha” without Kavanah. Kaf Hachaim 51:33 one should not repeat “Poteach et Yadecha” in Pesukei Dezimrah. See further Sh”t Yabia Omer 6:5 </ref>
#  One should stand for Baruch Sh’amar and Vayevarech David until and including Atta Hu Hashem Elokim and Ashkenazim also stand for Yishtabach. <Ref> Concerning Baruch Sh’amar, Darkei Moshe 51:1, Rama 51:7, Bach 53 argue that one should stand during Baruch sh’amar. Taz 51:1, Eliyah Raba 51:1, Solet Belula 51:1, Shalmei Tzibbur pg 66(4), Mishna Brurah 51:1, Kaf Hachaim 51:1. Magen Avraham 51:1 says one must stand even one praying privately. Concerning Vayivarech David, Darkei Moshe 51:8 records the minhag to stand not like the Maharil, Arizal (Shaar Kavanot Tefilat Shachar 18c), Pri etz chaim (shaar zemirot 6), Magen Avraham 51:9, Eliyah Raba 51:9, Yad Aharon (hagot tur), Shalmei tzibbur 69d, Kesher Gudal 7:43, Siddur Bet Ovad 1, Mishna Brurah 51:19, Kaf Hachaim 51:43.  
#  One should stand for Baruch Sheamar and Vayevarech David until and including Atta Hu Hashem Elokim and Ashkenazim also stand for Yishtabach. <Ref> Concerning Baruch Sheamar, Darkei Moshe 51:1, Rama 51:7, Bach 53 argue that one should stand during Baruch Sheamar. Taz 51:1, Eliyah Raba 51:1, Solet Belula 51:1, Shalmei Tzibbur pg 66(4), Mishna Brurah 51:1, Kaf Hachaim 51:1. Magen Avraham 51:1 says one must stand even one praying privately. Concerning Vayivarech David, Darkei Moshe 51:8 records the minhag to stand not like the Maharil, Arizal (Shaar Kavanot Tefilat Shachar 18c), Pri Etz Chaim (shaar zemirot 6), Magen Avraham 51:9, Eliyah Raba 51:9, Yad Aharon (hagot tur), Shalmei Tzibbur 69d, Kesher Gudal 7:43, Siddur Bet Ovad 1, Mishna Brurah 51:19, Kaf Hachaim 51:43.  
* Rama 51:7 writes that Ashkenazim have the minhag to stand during Yishtabach. Bet Yosef 53 quotes Hagahot Maymone and Kol bo in name of Rav Amram Goan that such is the practice. Sephardim don’t have this minhag as noted by the Bach 53, Shaarei Knesset Gedolah 53, Chesed LeAlafim 53:1, Ikrei Hadaat O”C 4:15, Yafeh Lev 53:1, and Kaf Hachaim 53:42. </ref>
* Rama 51:7 writes that Ashkenazim have the minhag to stand during Yishtabach. Bet Yosef 53 quotes Hagahot Maymone and Kol Bo in name of Rav Amram Goan that such is the practice. Sephardim do not have this minhag as noted by the Bach 53, Shaarei Knesset Gedolah 53, Chesed LeAlafim 53:1, Ikrei Hadaat O”C 4:15, Yafeh Lev 53:1, and Kaf Hachaim 53:42. </ref>
# Someone sick or old can say it seated. <Ref> Mishpatei Tzedek 70 and Halichot Olam Vayigash 1 pg 75 write that an old or sick person may stay seated. Additionally, Biur HaGra 51:12 says standing altogether is a stringency. </ref>
# Someone sick or old can say it seated. <Ref> Mishpatei Tzedek 70 and Halichot Olam Vayigash 1 pg 75 write that an old or sick person may stay seated. Additionally, Biur HaGra 51:12 says standing altogether is a stringency. </ref>
== The time of Pesukei Dezimrah ==
== The time of Pesukei Dezimrah ==
# The time to say Pesukei Dezimrah is from Olot Hashachar (72 before sunrise) until the 4th hour in Sha’ot Zmaniot.  <Ref>  Elyah Raba 664:3 in name of Maharil, Mekor Chaim 18:3, Torat Chaim Sofer 51:1, Yechva Daat 2:8. The Yosef Ometz Uzfa is strict that it shouldn’t be done until closer to sunrise. However, Teshuva MeAhava 2 pg 6(3) and Meharsham BeDaat Torah 664, in name of Rashi, say that it can be said before Olot Hashachar. </ref>
# The time to say Pesukei Dezimrah is from Olot Hashachar (72 before sunrise) until the 4th hour in Sha’ot Zmaniot.  <Ref>  Elyah Raba 664:3 in name of Maharil, Mekor Chaim 18:3, Torat Chaim Sofer 51:1, Yechva Daat 2:8. The Yosef Ometz Uzfa is strict that it shouldn’t be done until closer to sunrise. However, Teshuva MeAhava 2 pg 6(3) and Meharsham BeDaat Torah 664, in name of Rashi, say that it can be said before Olot Hashachar. </ref>